Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Malini Chari, Vahid Ravaghi, Wael Sabbah, Noha Gomaa, Sonica Singhal, Carlos Quinonez
Summary: This study quantified the magnitude of oral health inequality in Canada, the United States (US), and the United Kingdom (UK), countries with similar socio-political environments but differing oral health care systems. The results showed significant oral health inequality in all three countries. The highest inequality in untreated decay was found in the US, followed by Canada, and the lowest in the UK. The study suggests that the more equitable nature of the oral health care system in the UK might contribute to lower oral health inequality compared to the highly privatized dental care environments in Canada and the US.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Matthias Mehdorn, Christoph Luebbert, Iris F. Chaberny, Ines Gockel, Boris Jansen-Winkeln
Summary: The combination of oral paromomycin and metronidazole can significantly reduce infectious complications in elective colorectal surgery, reducing overall infection rates and superficial site infections, as well as potentially decreasing length of stay.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Itziar Diego-Yague, Alberto Mora-Vargas, Jose Manuel Vazquez-Comendador, Beatriz Santamarina-Alcantud, Ana Fernandez-Cruz, Elena Munez-Rubio, Andrea Gutierrez-Villanueva, Isabel Sanchez-Romero, Victor Moreno-Torres, Antonio Ramos-Martinez, Jorge Calderon-Parra
Summary: Oral sequential therapy (OST) in uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) is found to be safe and effective, reducing mortality and microbiological failure.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Amy S. Gargis, Maria Karlsson, Ashley L. Paulick, Karen F. Anderson, Michelle Adamczyk, Nicholas Vlachos, Alyssa G. Kent, Gillian A. McAllister, Susannah L. McKay, Alison L. Halpin, Valerie Albrecht, Davina Campbell, Lauren Korhonen, Christopher A. Elkins, J. Kamile Rasheed, Alice Y. Guh, L. Clifford McDonald, Joseph D. Lutgring
Summary: Reference susceptibility testing revealed that elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to vancomycin and metronidazole were rare among US Clostridioides difficile isolates. Ribotype 027 was associated with increased MICs to several antibiotics including fluoroquinolones and clindamycin.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Caelin C. Potts, Lorraine D. Rodriguez-Rivera, Adam C. Retchless, Fang Hu, Henju Marjuki, Amy E. Blain, Lucy A. McNamara, Xin Wang
Summary: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 695 US meningococcal isolates collected from 2012 to 2016 showed that penicillin- and ampicillin-intermediate isolates were common, but resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics remained rare.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Caroline S. Copeland, Phoebe Wallman, David Morgan, Eleanor Owen, David Taylor
Summary: This study found an increased risk of pneumonia-related death associated with second-generation antipsychotics, specifically olanzapine and quetiapine, based on post-mortem and prescription data.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Nikoletta A. Petrou, Christos Kontovounisios
Summary: Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery are at a higher risk of surgical site infections (SSIs). The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the use of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) and oral antibiotic prophylaxis (OAP) to reduce SSI rates. However, there is international contention on this topic, with the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommending against routine use of MBP and not addressing OAP. Recent evidence suggests that the combination of MBP and OAP can effectively reduce SSI rates in elective colorectal surgery.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Otto Simonsson, Walter Osika, Cecilia U. D. Stenfors, Simon B. Goldberg, Ludwig Honk, Peter S. Hendricks
Summary: This study investigates the potential associations between psychedelic use and meditation practice. The findings suggest that psychedelic use may lead to increased engagement in meditation practices, such as mindfulness meditation, while specific meditation practices, such as loving-kindness or compassion meditation, may help buffer against challenging experiences associated with psychedelic use.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Katherine E. Goodman, Jonathan D. Baghdadi, Laurence S. Magder, Emily L. Heil, Mark Sutherland, Ryan Dillon, Laura Puzniak, Pranita D. Tamma, Anthony D. Harris
Summary: There is significant variability in the use of empiric gram-negative antibiotics among hospitalized adults in the United States, with potential disparities based on sex and race.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
K. Okoth, J. Wang, D. Zemedikun, G. N. Thomas, K. Nirantharakumar, N. J. Adderley
Summary: The study shows that women with endometriosis have a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes compared to those without the condition, particularly in terms of ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure. Although the incidence of endometriosis has decreased over the years, the prevalence of the condition has been on the rise.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lindsey A. Laytner, Kiara Olmeda, Juanita Salinas, Osvaldo Alquicira, Susan Nash, Roger Zoorob, Michael K. Paasche-Orlow, Barbara W. Trautner, Larissa Grigoryan
Summary: Using antibiotics without medical guidance is a concern as it can contribute to antimicrobial resistance. This study focused on the prevalence of non-prescription antibiotic use among Hispanic individuals in the US and found that factors such as acculturation and subjective norms influenced their intentions to use non-prescription antibiotics. Individuals with lower acculturation and more friends/relatives obtaining antibiotics from abroad were more likely to intend to use non-prescription antibiotics.
Article
Virology
Farah Yasmin, Syed Hasan Ali, Irfan Ullah
Summary: Norovirus, a global enteric virus primarily responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks, is currently causing outbreaks in the UK, which poses significant challenges to the National Health Service. Primary challenges include increased strain on healthcare services, rising cases in educational and care facilities, and lack of an effective vaccine, emphasizing the need for increased public awareness, precautions, and reporting.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jie Zhao, Ramona Pelich, Renaud Hostache, Patrick Matgen, Wolfgang Wagner, Marco Chini
Summary: Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR) are suitable sensors for mapping water bodies from space, and the global coverage of SAR data facilitates the generation of global flood records. The automatic change-detection method based on ENVISAT-ASAR data supports this effort. Experimental results in the United Kingdom demonstrate the strong potential and accuracy of the proposed method.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Amanda L. L. Beaudoin, Emma R. R. Bollig, Brandy A. A. Burgess, Leah A. A. Cohn, Stephen D. D. Cole, Jonathan D. D. Dear, Claire L. L. Fellman, Erin Frey, Robert Goggs, Andrea Johnston, Amanda J. J. Kreuder, Kate S. S. KuKanich, Tessa E. E. LeCuyer, Julie Menard, Krystle L. L. Reagan, Jane E. E. Sykes, Julia K. K. Veir, Katrina Viviano, Annie Wayne, Jennifer L. L. Granick
Summary: A study was conducted in US veterinary teaching hospitals to estimate the prevalence of antibiotic use in dogs and cats. 36.5% of the animals were prescribed at least one antibiotic, and 10.9% of the antibiotics were prescribed without evidence of infection. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were potentiated penicillins, followed by cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Androula Yiakoumetti
Summary: This study focuses on how teachers utilize students' dominant language (English) to teach their ethnic language (Mandarin Chinese) in community-based heritage-language classes. The results show that teachers naturally and systematically use students' dominant language to facilitate their second language learning. The study also highlights the unique characteristics of community-based heritage-language education, where teachers struggle to explain new linguistic information in Mandarin due to students' low proficiency, while also grappling with elements of students' native or dominant language (English). It emphasizes the need for sociolinguistically informed training for heritage-language teachers, particularly in utilizing students' full linguistic repertoires.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Sally L. Baxter, Bharanidharan Radha Saseendrakumar, Paulina Paul, Jihoon Kim, Luca Bonomi, TSUNG-TING KUO, Roxana Loperena, Francis Ratsimbazafy, Eric Boerwinkle, Mine Cicek, Cheryl R. Clark, Elizabeth Cohn, Kelly Gebo, Kelsey Mayo, Stephen Mockrin, Sheri D. Schully, Andrea Ramirez, Lucila Ohno-Machado
Summary: This study aimed to validate a model predicting the need for surgery among individuals with glaucoma using All of Us (AoU) data, and found that models trained with AoU data achieved superior performance compared to single-center data. AoU, as a new data source, shows promising potential for ophthalmic research.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Keri N. Althoff, David J. Schlueter, Hoda Anton-Culver, James Cherry, Joshua C. Denny, Isaac Thomsen, Elizabeth W. Karlson, Fiona P. Havers, Mine S. Cicek, Stephen N. Thibodeau, Ligia A. Pinto, Douglas Lowy, Bradley A. Malin, Lucila Ohno-Machado, Carolyn Williams, David Goldstein, Aymone Kouame, Andrea Ramirez, Adrienne Roman, Norman E. Sharpless, Kelly A. Gebo, Sheri D. Schully
Summary: The study reveals that detectable SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G was found in seven individuals before the first confirmed cases in five US states, indicating that the virus was circulating weeks before recognized cases.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Jiajia Zhang, Cynthia L. Sears
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Yue Liu, Kai Fu, Eric M. Wier, Yifan Lei, Andrea Hodgson, Dongqing Xu, Xue Xia, Dandan Zheng, Hua Ding, Cynthia L. Sears, Jian Yang, Fengyi Wan
Summary: This study identified a novel genotoxin called UshA in attaching/effacing pathogens, which triggers DNA damage and initiates tumorigenic transformation during bacterial infections. Furthermore, it was found that UshA plays a critical role in accelerating colon tumorigenesis in mice. These findings highlight the importance of UshA in the development of colon cancer caused by bacterial infections.
Article
Immunology
Walid G. El-Nahal, Nicola M. Shen, Jeanne C. Keruly, Joyce L. Jones, Anthony T. Fojo, Bryan Lau, Yukari C. Manabe, Richard D. Moore, Kelly A. Gebo, Catherine R. Lesko, Geetanjali Chander
Summary: Telemedicine became the primary mode of delivering care for people with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that visit completion improved during the pandemic compared to the prepandemic period, especially for certain groups. However, most telemedicine visits were conducted via telephone.
Article
Immunology
Keri N. Althoff, Cameron N. Stewart, Elizabeth Humes, Jinbing Zhang, Lucas Gerace, Cynthia M. Boyd, Cherise Wong, Amy C. Justice, Kelly A. Gebo, Jennifer E. Thorne, Anna A. Rubtsova, Michael A. Horberg, Michael J. Silverberg, Sean X. Leng, Peter F. Rebeiro, Richard D. Moore, Kate Buchacz, Parastu Kasaie
Summary: This study used an agent-based simulation model to project the future age distribution of people with HIV using antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the United States. The findings suggest a substantial increase in the number of ART-users over time, but also highlight the importance of achieving the ending the HIV epidemic (EHE) goals to reduce HIV diagnoses and address the evolving needs of an aging population with HIV.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Parastu Kasaie, Cameron Stewart, Elizabeth Humes, Lucas Gerace, Jinbing Zhang, Michael J. Silverberg, Michael A. Horberg, Peter F. Rebeiro, Emily P. Hyle, Viviane D. Lima, Cherise Wong, M. John Gill, Kelly Gebo, Richard Moore, Mari M. Kitahata, Keri N. Althoff
Summary: In the 'Treat-All' era, the age distribution of men who have sex with men (MSM) receiving HIV care in the US is predicted to decrease overall, but with significant racial/ethnic disparities, as the proportion of older White MSM on ART is projected to increase rapidly.
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kathleen A. McGinnis, Amy C. Justice, Richard D. Moore, Michael J. Silverberg, Keri N. Althoff, Maile Karris, Viviane D. Lima, Heidi M. Crane, Michael A. Horberg, Marina B. Klein, Stephen J. Gange, Kelly A. Gebo, Angel Mayor, Janet P. Tate
Summary: The updated VACS Index 2.0 can reliably estimate all-cause mortality probability among persons with HIV in North America. This study found that predicted mortality rates largely overlapped with observed mortality rates among diverse HIV cohorts, indicating good calibration of the index.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yuhang Qian, Richard D. Moore, Sally B. Coburn, Thibaut Davy-Mendez, Kathleen M. Akgun, Kathleen A. McGinnis, Michael J. Silverberg, Jonathan A. Colasanti, Edward R. Cachay, Michael A. Horberg, Charles S. Rabkin, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, M. John Gill, Angel M. Mayor, Gregory D. Kirk, Kelly A. Gebo, Ank E. Nijhawan, Keri N. Althoff
Summary: This study assessed the predictive ability of the VACS Index 2.0 for hospitalization risk in people with HIV. The results showed that the time-updated VACS Index had the strongest association with hospitalization and best fit to the data.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jim Young, Vincent Lo Re, H. Nina Kim, Timothy R. Sterling, Keri N. Althoff, Kelly A. Gebo, M. John Gill, Michael A. Horberg, Angel M. Mayor, Richard D. Moore, Michael J. Silverberg, Marina B. Klein
Summary: Despite the lower risk of ESLD with contemporary antiretrovirals compared to hepatitis coinfection, atazanavir and darunavir still exhibit toxicity signals. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling can be utilized to detect toxicity signals in cohort event monitoring data, even in the presence of complex treatments and few events.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Han-Sol Park, Janna R. Shapiro, Ioannis Sitaras, Bezawit A. Woldemeskel, Caroline C. Garliss, Amanda Dziedzic, Jaiprasath Sachithanandham, Anne E. Jedlicka, Christopher A. Caputo, Kimberly E. Rousseau, Manjusha Thakar, San Suwanmanee, Pricila Hauk, Lateef Aliyu, Natalia Majewska, Sushmita Koley, Bela Patel, Patrick Broderick, Giselle Mosnaim, Sonya L. Heath, Emily S. Spivak, Aarthi Shenoy, Evan M. Bloch, Thomas J. Gniadek, Shmuel Shoham, Arturo Casadevall, Daniel Hanley, Andrea L. Cox, Oliver Laeyendecker, Michael J. Betenbaugh, Steven M. Cramer, Heba H. Mostafa, Andrew Pekosz, Joel N. Blankson, Sabra L. Klein, Aaron A. R. Tobian, David Sullivan, Kelly A. Gebo
Summary: Benchmarks for protective immunity from infection or severe disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are still being defined. In this study, the researchers compared different immune responses and viral variants in different groups, including vaccinated individuals and symptomatic patients. The findings showed that neutralizing antibody levels declined over time and were lower against the Alpha variant. Partially and fully vaccinated patients had lower neutralizing antibody levels against the parent virus compared to healthy controls. The study also found that neutralization activity against the Alpha variant was lower in the partially and fully vaccinated infected patients. Parent virus neutralization was identified as a predictive factor for breakthrough infections with the Alpha variant.
Article
Immunology
Sara E. Schad, Andrew Chow, Levi Mangarin, Heng Pan, Jiajia Zhang, Nicholas Ceglia, Justina X. Caushi, Nicole Malandro, Roberta Zappasodi, Mathieu Gigoux, Daniel Hirschhorn, Sadna Budhu, Masataka Amisaki, Monica Arniella, David Redmond, Jamie Chaft, Patrick M. Forde, Justin F. Gainor, Matthew D. Hellmann, Vinod Balachandran, Sohrab Shah, Kellie N. Smith, Drew Pardoll, Olivier Elemento, Jedd D. Wolchok, Taha Merghoub
Summary: This study investigates the characteristics of DP T cells in murine and human tumors, revealing their origin from SP T cells and acquisition of opposite cell type's phenotype and function following TCR stimulation. These findings are significant for understanding tumor immune response and T cell differentiation.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Samuel Rosner, Joshua E. Reuss, Marianna Zahurak, Jiajia Zhang, Zhen Zeng, Janis Taube, Valsamo Anagnostou, Kellie N. Smith, Joanne Riemer, Peter B. Illei, Stephen R. Broderick, David R. Jones, Suzanne L. Topalian, Drew M. Pardoll, Julie R. Brahmer, Jamie E. Chaft, Patrick M. Forde
Summary: We present the 5-year clinical outcomes of neoadjuvant nivolumab in resectable non-small cell lung cancer, showing favorable recurrence-free survival (60%) and overall survival (80%) rates. Major pathological responses and tumor PD-L1 positivity are associated with improved recurrence-free survival. This study provides the longest follow-up data for neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy in any cancer type.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Maxwell T. White, Cynthia L. Sears
Summary: This review discusses the significant role of the gut microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the mechanisms by which specific microorganisms and complex microbial communities contribute to CRC pathogenesis. Despite advancements in understanding the microbiota-CRC relationship, there are substantial gaps in current research that need to be addressed.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Jessica Queen, Fyza Shaikh, Cynthia L. Sears
Summary: Sears and colleagues present the latest advances in understanding the relationship between the microbiome and cancer, and discuss potential applications of this knowledge in cancer therapy. The interactions between the microbiota and cancer, as well as the underlying mechanisms, are an exciting and rapidly evolving field in cancer biology and therapeutics. The authors highlight the role of specific bacteria or their communities in carcinogenesis, and emphasize the bidirectional interplay between the microbiota and host gene or epigenome signaling. They also discuss the potential therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota in cancer patients.
