Article
Environmental Sciences
Yunhe Wang, Haibo Bi, Yu Liang
Summary: The study reveals a significant decrease in winter multiyear ice (MYI) export through the Fram Strait (FS) over the past 20 years, with sea ice drift playing a major role in MYI export variability. In the most recent decade, strengthened low pressure in the North Atlantic sector and an eastward shift in the dipole anomaly, combined with weakened cyclonic activity south of the FS, contributed to the reduction in MYI export.
Article
Oceanography
D. G. Babb, R. J. Galley, S. Kirillov, J. C. Landy, S. E. L. Howell, J. C. Stroeve, W. Meier, J. K. Ehn, D. G. Barber
Summary: The loss of multiyear sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has occurred primarily through two stepwise reductions: in 1989 and in 2006-2008. The first reduction was due to high export of multiyear ice, while the second reduction was a result of both high export and melt, as well as limited replenishment of multiyear ice. Although currently stable, reduced retention of older multiyear ice has led to a younger and thinner multiyear ice pack, potentially setting the stage for another reduction.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Benjamin A. Lange, Christian Haas, Alfonso Mucci, Justin F. Beckers, J. Alec Casey, Steve Duerksen, Mats A. Granskog, Ido Hatam, Andrea Niemi, Anke Reppchen, Christine Michel
Summary: This study analyzed ice cores from the Lincoln Sea and found that multi-year ice has a higher snow contribution compared to first-year ice, due to the accumulation of more snowmelt water over multiple seasons. Additionally, high snow contributions were observed on the surface of older first-year ice cores, likely due to flooding events and snow-ice formation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Robert Newton, Stephanie Pfirman, L. Bruno Tremblay, Patricia DeRepentigny
Summary: The study shows that global warming has a significant impact on the sources, pathways, and ages of ice entering the Last Ice Area (LIA). The primary ice source shifts from the Russian continental shelves to the central Arctic, but as temperatures rise, sea ice will continue to decline, affecting ecosystems and material transport.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Karley Campbell, Ilkka Matero, Christopher Bellas, Thomas Turpin-Jelfs, Philipp Anhaus, Martin Graeve, Francois Fripiat, Martyn Tranter, Jack Christopher Landy, Patricia Sanchez-Baracaldo, Eva Leu, Christian Katlein, C. J. Mundy, Soren Rysgaard, Letizia Tedesco, Christian Haas, Marcel Nicolaus
Summary: Sea ice in the Arctic is declining, leading to younger and more dynamic ice that impacts microbial habitats and resource provision. Filling knowledge gaps surrounding sea ice habitats and their microbial communities is crucial in the face of climate change. Developing new methodologies to effectively study these ecosystems is essential for sustainable use and protection of Arctic marine and coastal ecosystems.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
David G. Babb, Ryan J. Galley, Stephen E. L. Howell, Jack C. Landy, Julienne C. Stroeve, David G. Barber
Summary: Research shows that there has been an increasing loss of multiyear sea ice in the Arctic region in recent years. Data from 1997 to 2021 reveals that while the import of multiyear ice into the Beaufort Sea has increased, less of it now survives through the summer and is transported in the Gyre. The annual average loss of multiyear ice has quadrupled over the study period, accounting for about 33% of the annual Fram Strait multiyear ice export. The loss of multiyear ice is attributed to the ice-albedo feedback and the transition towards younger, thinner ice.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fernanda Casagrande, Leticia Stachelski, Ronald Buss de Souza
Summary: This paper evaluates the ability of 11 climate models to simulate the seasonal cycle of Antarctic sea ice. The results show that all models can accurately capture the seasonal variation, although there are significant biases in certain sea areas compared to observations. The latest model version (CMIP6) exhibits some improvements over the previous version (CMIP5). All models predict significant sea ice loss in the future due to CO2 forcing. Despite advancements, the models still struggle to accurately represent regional sea ice changes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Carolin Paul, Ulf Graewe, Anke Kremp
Summary: The spring bloom of phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea is dominated by cold-water adapted dinoflagellates and diatoms. The dynamics of these blooms are influenced by factors such as ice cover, sea surface temperature, and water transport processes. The study found that the abundance of diatoms is correlated with the length of the ice cover period and low winter and spring temperatures, while the dinoflagellate biomass is more independent of these factors. Water transport from adjacent shallow, ice-covered coastal areas contributes to the large blooms in the deep basins.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mingdong Wei, Malith Prasanna, David M. Cole, Arttu Polojarvi
Summary: This study compared cyclic loading experiments on saline ice under different conditions, revealing that dry, isothermal specimens have higher moduli and lower dislocation density and energy dissipation compared to floating specimens.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
T. J. W. Wagner, I. Eisenman, H. C. Mason
Summary: The study found that equatorward sea ice drift consistently leads to loss of ice volume, and the impact on ice area depends on seasonal factors and background climate. When there is enough ice, drift may slightly expand ice area, but for thinner ice, drift during the melt season can cause cracks and substantial ice loss that persists throughout the year.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Georgia M. Hole, Thomas Rawson, Wesley R. Farnsworth, Anders Schomacker, Olafur Ingolfsson, Marc Macias-Fauria
Summary: The 500-year history of naturally felled driftwood incursion to northern Svalbard reflects regional sea ice conditions and Arctic Ocean circulation. By analyzing provenance and age determinations, researchers gained insights into Arctic Ocean currents and climatic conditions with fine spatial resolution. The study indicates centennial-to decadal-scale shifts in source regions for driftwood incursion to Svalbard, aligning with fluctuations in Transpolar Drift and Beaufort Gyre strengths and associated climate conditions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tatiana A. Matveeva, Vladimir A. Semenov
Summary: The study reveals that the Arctic sea ice has been shrinking at a faster rate in the period of 2000-2019 compared to 1979-1999, with the most pronounced decline found in the Barents Sea. The research also shows that the rates of sea ice decline have increased in the Kara, Beaufort Seas, the Northwestern Passage, and the inner Arctic Ocean during summer and autumn.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lars Aue, Annette Rinke
Summary: We explore changes in sea ice concentration associated with synoptic cyclones in the Greenland, Barents and Kara Seas for each month of the year from 1979 to 2018. The findings reveal that these changes are significant throughout the year, but their strength and sign differ depending on the region, month, and time scale. The research also demonstrates significant alterations in cyclone impacts on sea ice over the past four decades, with the most pronounced changes occurring in October and November.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
David B. Bonan, Tapio Schneider, Ian Eisenman, Robert C. J. Wills
Summary: State-of-the-art climate models show a wide range in projected decline of Arctic sea-ice area over the 21st century, with present-day biases and differences in Arctic warming being the main contributors to the intermodel spread. Using observations to constrain the projections can delay the timeline for an ice-free Arctic, with a likelihood of an ice-free Arctic occurring between 2036 and 2056 under a high-emissions scenario.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
David B. Bonan, Flavio Lehner, Marika M. Holland
Summary: Improved understanding of the sources of uncertainty in Arctic sea ice projections is crucial for assessing the impacts of changing Arctic environment. This study finds that internal variability, model structure, and emissions scenario all play significant roles in predicting Arctic sea-ice area. Internal variability has a larger impact on uncertainty in the short term, while emissions scenario becomes dominant over longer time scales. Additionally, there is a considerable dependency of model uncertainty on the season, with larger uncertainties in winter months.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Fokje L. Schaafsma, Carmen L. David, Doreen Kohlbach, Julia Ehrlich, Giulia Castellani, Benjamin A. Lange, Martina Vortkamp, Andre Meijboom, Anna Fortuna-Wunsch, Antonia Immerz, Hannelore Cantzler, Apasiri Klasmeier, Nadezhda Zakharova, Katrin Schmidt, Anton P. Van de Putte, Jan Andries van Franeker, Hauke Flores
Summary: This study summarizes the allometric relationships of zooplankton and nekton species in polar marine food webs. It fills knowledge gaps on relationships between length and mass for understudied animals, seasons, and maturity stages. Intra-specific variation in length-mass relationships is observed for several species depending on season. Generalized regression models show potential use but need further investigation regarding sex, maturity stages, or age classes. Other allometric measurements provide useful models for estimating length or mass in diet studies, but their suitability may depend on species or developmental stages.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marcel Nicolaus, Donald K. Perovich, Gunnar Spreen, Mats A. Granskog, Luisa von Albedyll, Michael Angelopoulos, Philipp Anhaus, Stefanie Arndt, H. Jakob Belter, Vladimir Bessonov, Gerit Birnbaum, Joerg Brauchle, Radiance Calmer, Estel Cardellach, Bin Cheng, David Clemens-Sewall, Ruzica Dadic, Ellen Damm, Gijs de Boer, Oguz Demir, Klaus Dethloff, Dmitry Divine, Allison A. Fong, Steven Fons, Markus M. Frey, Niels Fuchs, Carolina Gabarro, Sebastian Gerland, Helge F. Goessling, Rolf Gradinger, Jari Haapala, Christian Haas, Jonathan Hamilton, Henna-Reetta Hannula, Stefan Hendricks, Andreas Herber, Celine Heuze, Mario Hoppmann, Knut Vilhelm Hoyland, Marcus Huntemann, Jennifer K. Hutchings, Byongjun Hwang, Polona Itkin, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Matthias Jaggi, Arttu Jutila, Lars Kaleschke, Christian Katlein, Nikolai Kolabutin, Daniela Krampe, Steen Savstrup Kristensen, Thomas Krumpen, Nathan Kurtz, Astrid Lampert, Benjamin Allen Lange, Ruibo Lei, Bonnie Light, Felix Linhardt, Glen E. Liston, Brice Loose, Amy R. Macfarlane, Mallik Mahmud, Ilkka O. Matero, Anne Morgenstern, Reza Naderpour, Vishnu Nandan, Alexey Niubom, Marc Oggier, Natascha Oppelt, Christophe Perron, Tomasz Petrovsky, Roberta Pirazzini, Chris Polashenski, Benjamin Rabe, Ian A. Raphael, Julia Regnery, Markus Rex, Robert Ricker, Kathrin Riemann-Campe, Annette Rinke, Jan Rohde, Evgenii Salganik, Randall K. Scharien, Martin Schiller, Martin Schneebeli, Maximilian Semmling, Egor Shimanchuk, Matthew D. Shupe, Madison M. Smith, Vasily Smolyanitsky, Vladimir Sokolov, Tim Stanton, Julienne Stroeve, Linda Thielke, Anna Timofeeva, Rasmus Tage Tonboe, Aikaterini Tavri, Michel Tsamados, David N. Wagner, Daniel Watkins, Melinda Webster, Manfred Wendisch
Summary: This study conducted year-round observations of the physical properties and processes of snow and ice in the Arctic Ocean, aiming to understand the interaction between the ice pack, atmosphere, and ocean. The results showed that the spatial variability of snow is crucial for understanding snow-related feedback processes, and the ice pack undergoes rapid transformations and motions during drift. These findings are important for improving climate models and validating remote sensing methods.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Yusuke Kawaguchi, Zoe Koenig, Daiki Nomura, Mario Hoppmann, Jun Inoue, Ying-Chih Fang, Kirstin Schulz, Michael Gallagher, Christian Katlein, Marcel Nicolaus, Benjamin Rabe
Summary: This study examines the mixing processes and sea ice drift in the ice-ocean boundary layer (IOBL) near the geographic North Pole. Measurements of ice motion, currents, hydrography, and turbulence were conducted to quantify the transport of momentum, heat, and salt in the IOBL. The study provides important insights into Arctic climate change.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jean-Pierre Desforges, Doreen Kohlbach, Cody G. Carlyle, Christine Michel, Lisa L. Loseto, Bruno Rosenberg, David J. Yurkowski, Steven H. Ferguson
Summary: The study explores dietary resource competition between ringed seals and harp seals in the Canadian Arctic. The analysis of dietary tracers shows little overlap in their diet, indicating that ringed seals rely more on ice-derived carbon and benthic/coastal prey while harp seals rely more on pelagic prey. This suggests that ringed seals may be more vulnerable to changes in sea-ice dynamics in the rapidly changing Arctic.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Cody G. Carlyle, James D. Roth, David J. Yurkowski, Doreen Kohlbach, Brent G. Young, Thomas A. Brown, Frank F. Riget, Rune Dietz, Steven H. Ferguson
Summary: Anthropogenic climate change is causing changes to the Arctic sea-ice system, which in turn affects the diet and trophic dynamics of ringed seals. This study investigated spatial variation in carbon source use and trophic position of ringed seals across latitudes in the Arctic using stable isotope analysis and lipid biomarker measurements. The results revealed that higher latitude ringed seals had a higher proportion of ice-associated carbon in their diet and a higher trophic position compared to lower latitude seals. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the impact of climate change on Arctic food webs.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
P. J. Langhorne, C. Haas, D. Price, W. Rack, G. H. Leonard, G. M. Brett, S. Urbini
Summary: This study presents the first inventory of fast ice thickness close to its annual maximum, using a 700 km airborne electromagnetic survey. The results show that rough ice occupies a significant portion and has larger thickness, while the sub-ice platelet layers (SIPLs) are thin in some areas but still have important implications.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Linda Thielke, Niels Fuchs, Gunnar Spreen, Bruno Tremblay, Gerit Birnbaum, Marcus Huntemann, Nils Hutter, Polona Itkin, Arttu Jutila, Melinda A. Webster
Summary: Comparing helicopter-borne surface temperature maps in winter and optical orthomosaics in summer, a strong geometric correlation was found between warm anomalies in winter and melt pond location in the following summer. These warm anomalies are associated with thinner snow and ice, allowing for water accumulation during melt. A one-dimensional steady-state thermodynamic model shows that the observed surface temperature differences align with ice thickness and snow depth. The potential for seasonal prediction of summer melt pond location and coverage from winter surface temperature observations is demonstrated, achieving a correct classification for 41% of the melt ponds through threshold-based classification.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Arttu Jutila, Christian Haas
Summary: This study aims to investigate microwave penetration into snow on Arctic sea ice using commercial C (6 GHz) and K (26 GHz) band radar. The results show that the C band radar backscatter originated closer to the snow-ice interface, potentially enabling snow depth retrieval. However, the analysis may be affected by warm air temperatures and inconclusive microwave interaction with saline basal layers in the snow cover.
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Niklas Neckel, Niels Fuchs, Gerit Birnbaum, Nils Hutter, Arttu Jutila, Lena Buth, Luisa von Albedyll, Robert Ricker, Christian Haas
Summary: The MOSAiC expedition conducted between October 2019 and September 2020 provided a rare opportunity to study sea-ice properties throughout a complete annual cycle. This study presents high-resolution orthomosaics and digital elevation models of the sea-ice surface around RV Polarstern from March to September 2020. The dataset, based on over 34,000 images obtained by a helicopter-borne optical camera system, offers valuable information for remote sensing and in situ research projects.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nils Hutter, Stefan Hendricks, Arttu Jutila, Robert Ricker, Luisa von Albedyll, Gerit Birnbaum, Christian Haas
Summary: Airborne laser scanners (ALS) were used to map the sea-ice surface at sub-meter resolution during the MOSAiC expedition. A total of 64 flights were conducted between September 2019 and September 2020, providing data at different processing levels and offering a unique opportunity to study the temporal evolution, spatial distribution, and variability of the snow and sea-ice surface.
Article
Geography, Physical
Vishnu Nandan, Rosemary Willatt, Robbie Mallett, Julienne Stroeve, Torsten Geldsetzer, Randall Scharien, Rasmus Tonboe, John Yackel, Jack Landy, David Clemens-Sewall, Arttu Jutila, David N. Wagner, Daniela Krampe, Marcus Huntemann, Mallik Mahmud, David Jensen, Thomas Newman, Stefan Hendricks, Gunnar Spreen, Amy Macfarlane, Martin Schneebeli, James Mead, Robert Ricker, Michael Gallagher, Claude Duguay, Ian Raphael, Chris Polashenski, Michel Tsamados, Ilkka Matero, Mario Hoppmann
Summary: The redistribution of snow on sea ice driven by wind affects its topography and microstructure, but the impact on radar signatures is not well understood. In this study, the effects of snow redistribution on radar waveforms and backscatter signatures were examined using polarimetric Ka- and Ku-band radar. The results showed that snow redistribution caused changes in surface topography and increased scattering at the air-snow interface, which need to be considered to interpret radar measurements of snow-covered sea ice.
Article
Geography, Physical
Robert Ricker, Steven Fons, Arttu Jutila, Nils Hutter, Kyle Duncan, Sinead L. Farrell, Nathan T. Kurtz, Renee Mie Fredensborg Hansen
Summary: Information about sea ice surface topography and related deformation is crucial for various studies and applications. The ICESat-2 satellite has been collecting data for over 4 years and is used to assess its capabilities. By comparing the data from ICESat-2 with high-resolution measurements from the ALS, we can evaluate the performance of ICESat-2 products and investigate the representation of sea ice surface roughness and topography.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Marc de Vos, Panagiotis Kountouris, Lasse Rabenstein, John Shears, Mira Suhrhoff, Christian Katlein
Summary: On 5 December 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton and his crew embarked on the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition with the Endurance ship. However, the ship got stuck in ice and sank in November 1915. After years of speculation, the wreckage was located in March 2022, about 9.4 km away from the estimated sinking position. This paper describes the use of meteorological data to reconstruct the ship's drift trajectory and highlights the potential of such methods in marine archaeology.
HISTORY OF GEO- AND SPACE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bonnie Light, Madison M. Smith, Donald K. Perovich, Melinda A. Webster, Marika M. Holland, Felix Linhardt, Ian A. Raphael, David Clemens-Sewall, Amy R. Macfarlane, Philipp Anhaus, David A. Bailey
Summary: The magnitude, spectral composition, and variability of the Arctic sea ice surface albedo are important for understanding Earth's energy budget. This study sampled and analyzed the albedo of Arctic sea ice during the MOSAiC expedition, finding similarities with previous expeditions. The results show the importance of accurately simulating the albedo of ponded ice and thin, melting ice.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2022)
