Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Andrew E. Kilding, Sophie C. Broome, Tom Stewart, John B. Cronin, Daniel J. Plews
Summary: This study found that exercising in the overnight-fasted state increased fat oxidation during submaximal exercise, while exercise following a carbohydrate-rich breakfast reduced fat oxidation. Pre-exercise protein ingestion allowed similarly high levels of fat oxidation, and there were no differences in perceived exertion, hunger, or performance. Additionally, pre-exercise nutrition ingestion did not influence exercise-induced oxidative stress.
Article
Sport Sciences
S. E. A. N. A. NEWSOM, H. A. R. R. I. S. O. N. D. STIERWALT, S. A. R. A. H. E. EHRLICHER, M. A. T. T. H. E. W. M. ROBINSON
Summary: In sedentary adults, a single bout of moderate-intensity cycling induces modest increases in intrinsic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation that are consistent across multiple substrates.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Andrew E. Kilding, Tom Stewart, Daniel J. Plews
Summary: This study investigates the factors influencing respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during continuous exercise. It identifies exercise duration, dietary intake, and sex as the most influential factors on RER. The study also suggests that current models cannot fully explain the variability in RER and calls for further research on older subjects, females, and other factors that could explain additional variability.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carlos Ruiz-Moreno, Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete, Jaime Gonzalez-Garcia, Veronica Giraldez-Costas, Asier Manas, Jorge Gutierrez-Hellin, Juan Del Coso
Summary: Ingesting caffeine before self-paced cycling can lead to higher self-selected exercise intensity and total work without impacting fat or carbohydrate oxidation during exercise.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biology
Michelle M. Saillant, Nisha Charkoudian, Roy M. Salgado
Summary: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that some young healthy men would achieve short-term heat acclimation (STHA) after 5 days of a standard heat acclimation protocol. The results showed that, using the criteria of changes in core temperature and heart rate, approximately one-third of the participants achieved STHA. The whole body sweating rate remained stable during the heat acclimation process.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
D. Maryama Awang Daud, Fatimah Ahmedy, Dayang Marshitah Pg Baharuddin, Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
Summary: This study compared the effects of intensity and duration on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in sedentary adults. The results showed that cycling exercise increased oxidative stress and antioxidant activities, but the effects varied with different intensities and durations.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zachary M. Gillen, Vikkie A. Mustad, Marni E. Shoemaker, Brianna D. Mckay, Todd J. Leutzinger, Jose M. Lopez-Pedrosa, Ricardo Rueda, Joel T. Cramer
Summary: The study suggests that consuming a slow digesting carbohydrate (SDC) in pre-pubescent children may promote greater endogenous substrate utilization, which could have beneficial impacts on energy intake and carbohydrate regulation during growth and development.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Eric T. Hedge, Kathryn A. Zuj, Alexander G. Stothart, Erica H. Gavel, Len S. Goodman, Andrew J. M. Buckrell, Sean D. Peterson
Summary: Continuous cooling of the inner forearms can help attenuate the rise of gastrointestinal temperature and reduce cardiovascular drift during exercise in hot and humid conditions, improving thermal comfort post-exercise.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Taciane Maria Melges Pejon, Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot, Heloisa Sobreiro Selistre-de-Araujo, Claudio Alexandre Gobatto, Anabelle Silva Cornachione, Wladimir Rafael Beck
Summary: A deficit of estrogen is associated with energy substrate imbalance, raising the risk of metabolic diseases. This study found that physical training has positive effects on GLUT4 and FAT CD36 expression in the skeletal muscle of animals with estrogen deficit, as well as metabolic variables.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. M. Kennedy, B. Kuhla
Summary: Understanding nutrient utilization and partitioning is crucial for improving the efficiency of dairy cattle. This study found that dairy cows exposed to a 24-hour fasting period exhibited differences in heat production and macronutrient oxidation at different stages of lactation. However, despite these differences, the overall change in whole-body macronutrient oxidation and heat production during the fasting period remained consistent throughout lactation.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lisa-Maria Tuemmler, Michael Derno, Armin Tuchscherer, Ellen Kanitz, Bjoern Kuhla
Summary: The study found that intensified milk replacer feeding has long-term effects on energy metabolism of dairy calves, showing greater efficiency estimates preweaning but not persisting after weaning.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Lee M. Margolis, Kara L. Marlatt, Claire E. Berryman, Emily E. Howard, Nancy E. Murphy, Christopher T. Carrigan, Melissa N. Harris, Robbie A. Beyl, Eric Ravussin, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Jennifer C. Rood
Summary: The study aimed to determine the effects of testosterone enanthate injections on energy expenditure, energy substrate oxidation, and gene expression during energy deficit. The results showed that increased physical activity, rather than exogenous testosterone administration, was the primary determinant of metabolic adaptations during diet and exercise-induced energy deficit.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Eric T. Hedge, Robert Amelard, Richard L. Hughson
Summary: Nonintrusive estimation of oxygen uptake (V_O2) is possible with wearable sensor technology and artificial intelligence. This study aimed to test the accuracy of a machine learning model in predicting dynamic V_O2 across exercise intensities, including slower V_O2 kinetics observed during heavy exercise. The results showed that the model accurately predicted V_O2 kinetics and enabled nonintrusive monitoring of cardiorespiratory dynamics during moderate and heavy exercise.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Marni E. Shoemaker, Suzette L. Pereira, Vikkie A. Mustad, Zachary M. Gillen, Brianna D. McKay, Jose M. Lopez-Pedrosa, Ricardo Rueda, Joel T. Cramer
Summary: This study examined the differences in muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults. The results showed that sarcopenic individuals displayed impaired ability to adapt fuel utilization in response to feeding and exercise, indicating metabolic inflexibility. This impaired metabolic flexibility may be a mechanism underlying the loss of strength and physical function in sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Lee M. Margolis, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Emily E. Howard
Summary: Ketogenic diets and ketone supplements result in different changes in substrate metabolism, with supplements having a stronger ketosis effect. Ketogenic diets increase fat oxidation and accumulate ketone bodies as fuel, while supplements rapidly increase ketone body concentrations and inhibit fatty acid mobilization during aerobic exercise.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Andrew E. Kilding, Christopher J. Stevens, Daniel J. Plews
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2020)
Article
Sport Sciences
David M. Shaw, Fabrice Merien, Andrea Braakhuis, Ed Maunder, Deborah K. Dulson
Article
Sport Sciences
Casey M. Watkins, Nicholas D. Gill, Ed Maunder, Paul Downes, James D. Young, Michael R. McGuigan, Adam G. Storey
Summary: This study focused on the effects of low-volume preseason plyometric training on force-velocity profiles in semiprofessional rugby players, indicating that this type of training can effectively improve sprint performance in athletes.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Casey M. Watkins, Ed Maunder, Roland van den Tillaar, Dustin J. Oranchuk
Article
Physiology
Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Matthieu Delcourt, Ed Maunder, Daniel J. Plews
Summary: This case report describes an elite ultra-endurance cyclist who won two distinct races within a short period of time and set records. The analysis of his race data and training between events reveals high performance levels with varying pacing strategies and power-output changes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Ed Maunder, Stephen Seiler, Mathew J. Mildenhall, Andrew E. Kilding, Daniel J. Plews
Summary: The regular physiological profiling of endurance athletes does not consider the changes in physiological variables during prolonged exercise, impacting intensity regulation, adaptability quantification, monitoring, and performance prediction. Future research and practice directions should focus on better understanding athlete durability.
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Daniel J. Plews, Fabrice Merien, Andrew E. Kilding
Summary: The study found that heart rates measured in temperate conditions can reflect those under moderate environmental heat stress, despite reductions in power output in the heat stress environment. The coefficient of variation for heart rates at different blood lactate concentrations and ventilatory thresholds was low, with strong positive correlations between measurements in both environments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Daniel J. Plews, Gareth A. Wallis, Matthew J. Brick, Warren B. Leigh, Wee-Leong Chang, Tom Stewart, Casey M. Watkins, Andrew E. Kilding
Summary: The study found strong correlations between whole-body fat oxidation rate during fasted exercise and skeletal muscle parameters, endurance performance, and fat oxidation during fed-state exercise, suggesting that non-invasive measures of fat oxidation may be useful in profiling endurance athletes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Deborah K. Dulson, David M. Shaw
Summary: Considerable interindividual heterogeneity was observed in endurance performance responses following the induction of a ketogenic diet, which may be explained by a physiological stress response in the transition period. The study found a significant reduction in heart rate variability in individuals on the ketogenic diet, as well as an increase in day-to-day variability. Participants who exhibited impaired exercise capacity after transitioning to the ketogenic diet showed a significant decrease in heart rate variability, while those with unchanged exercise capacity did not show any effect. The study suggests that using noninvasive resting heart rate variability measures may provide insights into the short-term effects on exercise capacity for endurance athletes transitioning to a ketogenic diet.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Andrius Ramonas, Matthieu Delcourt, Andrew E. Kilding
Summary: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of remotely performed 3MTs (3MT(R)) for estimating maximum metabolic steady state (MMSS). The results showed that the end-test power of 3MT(R) was reliable but overestimated MMSS, suggesting that it is not suitable for estimating MMSS in endurance-trained cyclists.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Julian D. Stevenson, Andrew E. Kilding, Daniel J. Plews, Ed Maunder
Summary: The study demonstrates that prolonged exercise leads to a decrease in external work output at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition due to decreased efficiency and rates of metabolic energy expenditure, while the associated heart rate increases.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
David M. Shaw, Lauren Keaney, Ed Maunder, Deborah K. Dulson
Summary: This study found that a ketogenic diet can modulate the circulating counts of natural killer (NK) cells and enhance their response after exhaustive exercise. This finding is important for understanding the immunomodulatory effects of a ketogenic diet.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Julian D. D. Stevenson, Andrew E. E. Kilding, Daniel J. J. Plews, Ed Maunder
Summary: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of prolonged cycling on ventilation rate (Vdot E), respiratory frequency (F-R), and tidal volume (V-T). The results showed that prolonged exercise shifts ventilatory parameters, but Vdot E remains stable. Real-time monitoring of Vdot E may be a useful means of assessing proximity to the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition during prolonged exercise and is worthy of further research.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Andreas M. Fritzen, Andreas B. Jordy, Bente Kiens, Matthew J. Brick, Warren B. Leigh, Wee-Leong Chang, Andrew E. Kilding
Summary: The study aimed to assess the variation in fatty acid oxidation rates during exercise explained by skeletal muscle proteins involved in fatty acid transport. The results showed associations between FATP1, FATP4, CD36, and FABPpm with fatty acid oxidation rates. These findings suggest the importance of skeletal muscle proteins involved in fatty acid transport in regulating fatty acid oxidation rates during exercise.
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Daniel J. Plews, Gareth A. Wallis, Matthew J. Brick, Warren B. Leigh, Wee-Leong Chang, Casey M. Watkins, Andrew E. Kilding
Summary: The study showed that training in higher temperatures may lead to improved endurance performance and increased citrate synthase activity. The heat training group showed greater improvements in the time-trial performance and citrate synthase activity compared to the temperate training group.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2021)