期刊
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
卷 2019, 期 39, 页码 6597-6605出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901033
关键词
Anomeric effect; Homogeneous catalysis; Hyperconjugation; Non-proteinogenic amino acids; Synthetic methods
资金
- NIH (NIGMS) [R15GM116025]
A general and efficient synthesis of alpha-haloglycine esters from commercially available feedstock chemicals, in a single step, is reported. The reactivity of these alpha-haloglycine esters with various nucleophiles was studied as surrogates of alpha-iminoesters upon activation with hydrogen-bond donor catalysts. DFT calculations on the alpha-haloglycine structures (X = F, Cl, Br) accompanied by an X-ray characterization of the alpha-bromoglycine ester support the existence of a generalized anomeric effect created by hyperconjugation. This peculiar hyperconjugative effect is proposed to be responsible for the enhanced halogen nucleofugality leading to a facile halogen abstraction by hydrogen-bond donor catalysts. This reactivity was exploited with thiourea catalysts on several catalytic transformations (aza-Friedel-Crafts and Mannich reactions) for the synthesis of several types of non-proteinogenic alpha-amino esters.
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