Article
Environmental Sciences
Jakub Tomasko, Ondrej Parizek, Jana Pulkrabova
Summary: This study selected clothing as the research object because it is produced in large quantities worldwide and is worn for long periods in direct contact with human skin. Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) were found in all samples, with higher concentrations in garments with a substantial proportion of synthetic fibers. The effect of washing in the washing machine varied among individual samples.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jakub Tomasko, Michal Stupak, Denisa Parizkova, Andrea Polachova, Radim J. Sram, Jan Topinka, Jana Pulkrabova
Summary: This study is the first to report the detection of chlorinated paraffins in human blood serum in Europe, indicating exposure to these compounds with unknown effects on human health.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Thomas J. McGrath, Yukiko Fujii, Yunsun Jeong, Jasper Bombeke, Adrian Covaci, Giulia Poma
Summary: This study examines the presence and distribution of short-and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) in edible insects from Asia and Europe. The findings show higher levels of chlorinated paraffins in edible insects purchased from Asia compared to Europe. The study concludes that adverse health outcomes are unlikely from consuming edible insects contaminated with chlorinated paraffins, but monitoring of insect farming and processing practices is still necessary.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chengkang Chen, Anna Chen, Faqiang Zhan, Frank Wania, Shaoxuan Zhang, Li Li, Jianguo Liu
Summary: The study provides the first global inventories of production, use, in-use stocks, and emissions of chlorinated paraffins (CPs). It estimates that a total of approximately 33 million metric tons of CPs have been produced and used globally, with 40% still residing in in-use products by 2020. The cumulative emissions of CPs have increased to around 5.2 million metric tons by 2020.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qiaofeng Ai, Peixuan Zhang, Lirong Gao, Xin Zhou, Yang Liu, Di Huang, Lin Qiao, Jiyuan Weng, Minghui Zheng
Summary: This study investigated the concentrations, congener group profiles, and air-soil exchange of short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in a contaminated area in Zhoushan, China. The results showed that CPs were found at higher concentrations in soil samples near shipyards, with chlorinated decane and undecane and penta-, hexa-, and hepta-chlorinated CPs being enriched in the air samples. SCCPs and MCCPs dominated the air-soil exchange.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Xiaomei Huang, Zefeng Cui, Chenhong Ding, Qiuquan Su, Xuexian Lin, Weili Wang, Qiumiao Yin, Xu Wang
Summary: Long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs) are of lesser concern in food due to lower accumulation in most organisms, but are shown to accumulate preferentially in birds. The absorption of CPs is minimally impacted by carbon chain length, with longer chain CPs accumulating preferentially in muscle and adipose tissues. The metabolic elimination rates of CPs vary depending on chain length, with C12Cl6 being the most efficiently eliminated.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jingwen Huang, Lei Zhao, Yumeng Shi, Xiaowen Zeng, Wenwen Sun, Xianglong Zhao, Ruqing Liu, Qizhen Wu, Guanghui Dong, Da Chen, Xiaotu Liu
Summary: The present study quantified and profiled short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs), and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs) in PM2.5 samples collected from 96 schools in the Pearl River Delta of South China. The concentrations of SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs ranged from 0.832-109, 1.02-110, and 0.173-17.4 ng/m3, respectively, with a detection rate over 90%. The dominant congener groups were C13Cl6-8, C14Cl7-8, and C18Cl7-9 for SCCPs, MCCPs, and LCCPs, respectively. Seasonal and spatial variations were observed, with higher concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs in summer and higher concentrations of LCCPs in winter. Exposure risk assessment suggested no significant health risk from exposure to PM2.5-associated chlorinated paraffins.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kerstin Kraetschmer, Alexander Schaechtele, Walter Vetter
Summary: This study assessed dietary exposure for consumers in Southern Germany regarding SCCPs and MCCPs, finding that CPs were present in food, with highest amounts in extra virgin olive oils and fish. Different dietary samples showed consistent CPs levels, but vegetarian meal plans contained higher levels of CPs than other diets.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Marie Meziere, Philippe Marchand, Frederic Larvor, Elisabeth Baeza, Bruno Le Bizec, Gaud Dervilly, Ronan Cariou
Summary: The distribution of CPs in biota varies, with different chain lengths and chlorine contents showing different retention patterns in tissues. Additionally, there is potential for biotransformation based on mass balance analysis.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nan Zhao, Xinxin Fang, Shiwen Zhang, Yuting Zhu, Lei Ding, Caihong Xu
Summary: This study found that male serum total short-chain CP and medium-chain CP concentrations were associated with kidney function, specifically with elevated risk of glomerular hyperfiltration (GH), while no such associations were observed in females.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yi Liu, Xiumei Han, Nan Zhao, Xinxin Fang, Shiwen Zhang, Shixue Li, Wei Jiang, Lei Ding
Summary: This study evaluated the associations between serum short-chain CP (SCCP) or medium-chain CP (MCCP) concentrations and liver enzymes in 197 residents in Jinan, China. The findings suggested that chlorinated paraffins are associated with disturbed liver biomarker levels in humans, indicating hepatotoxicity of SCCPs and MCCPs.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Thomas J. McGrath, Christina Christia, Giulia Poma, Adrian Covaci
Summary: This study measured the concentrations and distribution of CPs in indoor dust samples in Belgium, revealing seasonal variations and significant associations between different CP classes. Despite the lack of clear sources of CP contamination in dust, the study highlights the potential co-application of different CPs in homes.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yadan Luo, Juan Li, Wei Gao, Lirong Gao, Runhui Ke, Chunyan Yang, Yingjun Wang, Yan Gao, Yawei Wang, Guibin Jiang
Summary: This study investigated the exposure to chlorinated paraffins in infant foods in the Chinese market, with a focus on the less studied long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs). Differences in chlorinated paraffin profiles were observed between imported and Chinese infant foods. While no significant health concerns were identified, variations in CP concentrations and excessive feeding practices may pose potential health threats to infants. This study provides important data on infant exposure to chlorinated paraffins, especially LCCPs.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lixin Yang, Yinping Liu, Ze Cui, Yongmao Zhang, Jianbo Zhang, Kaoqi Lian
Summary: This study used a metabolomics approach to investigate the toxicity of SCCPs in rats, finding that high-dose SCCP exposure resulted in liver and kidney injury, affecting pathways related to energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and vitamin B metabolism. Fluctuating levels of phospholipids and nucleotides may contribute to the neurotoxicity of SCCPs, while down regulation of folic acid induced by SCCPs may lead to malformations during early development in laboratory animals.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Thomas J. McGrath, Giulia Poma, Jasper Bombeke, Franck Limonier, Els Van Hoeck, Laure Joly, Adrian Covaci
Summary: This work optimized an analytical method for quantifying short- and medium-chained chlorinated paraffins in various food matrices, and validated the method's applicability through repeated analysis of samples fortified with SCCPs and MCCPs. The method showed good accuracy, high precision, and suitability for different food matrices.