Review
Virology
Pedro Pinto, Miguel Alves Costa, Micael F. M. Goncalves, Acacio Goncalves Rodrigues, Carmen Lisboa
Summary: The recent outbreak of Monkeypox disease in multiple countries has become a public health emergency. While animal-to-human transmission is the primary mode of transmission, there is a growing number of cases transmitted through person-to-person contact. Understanding the transmission dynamics of Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) is crucial for implementing effective measures to contain the spread of the disease.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Cristina Castillo, Joaquin Hernandez
Summary: This article discusses the impact of COVID-19 on pets and suggests hygienic measures that owners should take to ensure the health of their pets and family.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Qi Yang, Xia Xiao, Xinxia Gu, Dong Liang, Ting Cao, Jun Mou, Chunxu Huang, Lei Chen, Jie Liu
Summary: The study demonstrates that non-pharmaceutical interventions are effective in reducing respiratory infections rates, providing cost-effective ways to limit the spread of contagious agents and control epidemics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Selina Ehrenzeller, Tom Chen, Vineeta Vaidya, Chanu Rhee, Meghan A. Baker, Michael Klompas
Summary: We reviewed hospital-onset respiratory viral infections, 2015-2023, in one hospital to determine whether prevention measures for SARS-CoV-2 transmission also reduced non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral infections. Our findings showed that masking, employee symptom attestations, and symptom screening for patients and visitors led to a significant reduction (44%-53%) in hospital-onset influenza and respiratory syncytial virus.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Cheng Zhang, Zhendong Guo, Nan Li, Huan Cui, Keyin Meng, Lina Liu, Li Zhao, Shanshan Zhang, Chengfeng Qin, Juxiang Liu, Yuwei Gao, Chunmao Zhang
Summary: Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 reduces viral replication in Syrian hamsters but does not provide complete sterilizing immunity. It blocks airborne transmission between previously infected and uninfected hamsters, as well as reduces efficiency of direct contact transmission. However, prior infection has limited impact on transmission to naive hamsters via direct contact in the early stage of infection.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Juan Luis Castano-Fernandez, Merce Grau-Perez
Summary: Microblading, a popular technique for semipermanent tattooing of eyebrows using needles, was associated with a facial skin eruption in a 47-year-old woman during the 2022 mpox outbreak in Spain.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Katharine H. Ganly, James C. Bowyer, Paul W. Bird, Nicholas J. Willford, Jessica Shaw, Mina Odedra, Georgia Osborn, Tom Everett, Matthew Warner, Simon Horne, Michael Dinn, Claire L. McMurray, Christopher W. Holmes, Sharon S. F. Koo, Julian Wei Tze Tang
Summary: Weekly surveillance conducted at two British Antarctic Survey bases during the early COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 found no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and sustained onward transmission. Multiple respiratory viruses were detected, but none were SARS-CoV-2, and all identified bacterial agents were considered to be colonizers and not pathogenic.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Mette Kolpen, Kasper Norskov Kragh, Juan Barraza Enciso, Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen, Birgitte Lindegaard, Gertrud Baunbaek Egelund, Andreas Vestergaard Jensen, Pernille Ravn, Inger Hee Mabuza Mathiesen, Alexandra Gabriella Gheorge, Frederik Boetius Hertz, Tavs Qvist, Marvin Whiteley, Peter Ostrup Jensen, Thomas Bjarnsholt
Summary: This study found that both acute and chronic lung infections are dominated by biofilms, and bacteria grew faster in sputum from acute infections, but these fast-growing bacteria were also enriched in biofilms similar to chronic infections. Cellular inflammation in the lungs was similar across patient groups, but systemic inflammatory markers were only elevated in acute infections.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Gordon Spronk, Karyn Havas, Gil Patterson, Scott Dee
Summary: The US swine industry is facing challenges from transboundary animal diseases and domestic diseases. Swine veterinarians need to answer four questions to meet the needs of their farms. It is technically possible to prevent African swine fever and eliminate porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. The central challenge is whether the next generation of veterinarians will provide the necessary leadership to deal with the current industry and its challenges.
JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pawel Franczuk, Michal Tkaczyszyn, Maria Kulak, Esabel Domenico, Piotr Ponikowski, Ewa Anita Jankowska
Summary: Viral respiratory infections (VRI) are common and can worsen existing cardiovascular diseases and lead to new complications, especially in COVID-19.
Review
Immunology
Coen Govers, Philip C. Calder, Huub F. J. Savelkoul, Ruud Albers, R. J. Joost van Neerven
Summary: Respiratory infections, especially in vulnerable groups, place a heavy burden on the health care system. Nutrition plays a role in optimizing immune responsiveness and preventing infections. Micronutrients act as regulators of immune cells' molecular responses, while undernutrition and specific micronutrient deficiencies impair immune response and increase susceptibility to respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Dietary components such as proteins, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, as well as animal- and plant-derived bioactive components, can support the immune system. Both innate and adaptive defense systems contribute to respiratory tract immunity, and this review aims to describe the effects of different dietary components on these immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nan Shen, Yuanjie Zhou, Yajuan Zhou, Lijuan Luo, Wenjuan Chen, Jing Wang, Ruike Zhao, Li Xie, Qing Cao, Yue Tao, Xi Mo
Summary: This study compared pediatric patients with respiratory infections undergoing FilmArray Respiratory Panel (FilmArray RP) testing to a matched routine testing control group. The results showed that FilmArray RP testing led to shorter duration of intravenous antibiotics treatment, improved early de-escalation of antibiotic use, reduced escalation of antibiotics, and decreased hospitalization costs, presenting a potential benefit for pediatric patients in developing countries.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Paul A. Christensen, Joseph R. Anton, Canivan R. Anton, Mary R. Schwartz, Rose C. Anton
Summary: Studying YouTube videos of random individuals, this research found that men had a significantly higher rate of facial contact compared to women, with the mouth being the most frequently observed site of contact. Fatigue and distraction were identified as factors that may increase rates of facial contact.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Virology
Guohong Zhu, Dan Xu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Tianlin Wang, Lingyan Zhang, Weizhong Gu, Meiping Shen
Summary: The study found that the rates of viral infection in children vary by different ages and seasons, with the highest positivity rate of adenovirus appearing in the preschool period, respiratory syncytial virus being highest in infants, and influenza virus increasing with age. The total positive rate of viral infection in different seasons is highest in winter, with influenza positivity rate also being highest in winter.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Javier Martinez, Virginia Hernandez-Gea, Enrique Rodriguez-de-Santiago, Luis Tellez, Bogdan Procopet, Alvaro Giraldez, Lucio Amitrano, Candid Villanueva, Dominique Thabut, Luis Ibanez-Samaniego, Gilberto Silva-Junior, Joan Genesca, Christophe Bureau, Jonel Trebicka, Rafael Banares, Aleksander Krag, Elba Llop, Wim Laleman, Jose Maria Palazon, Jose Castellote, Susana Rodrigues, Lise L. Gluud, Carlos Noronha-Ferreira, Nuria Canete, Manuel Rodriguez, Arnulf Ferlitsch, Remy Schwarzer, Jose Luis Mundi, Henning Gronbaek, Manuel Hernandez-Guerra, Romano Sassatelli, Alessandra Dell'Era, Marco Senzolo, Juan G. Abraldes, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Alexander Zipprich, Meritxell Casas, Helena Masnoun, Massimo Primignani, Frederik Nevens, Jose Luis Calleja, Christian Jansen, Marie Angele Robic, Irene Conejo, Maria Vega Catalina, Marika Rudler, Edilmar Alvarado, Valeria Perez-Campuzano, Maria Anna Guardascione, Petra Fischer, Jaime Bosch, Juan Carlos Garcia-Pagan, Agustin Albillos
Summary: Despite antibiotic prophylaxis, nearly 20% of patients with acute variceal bleeding develop bacterial infections during hospitalization. Respiratory bacterial infections are the most common, occurring early after admission. Respiratory infection is associated with advanced liver disease, severe hepatic encephalopathy, and the use of nasogastric tube, orotracheal intubation for endoscopy, or esophageal balloon tamponade.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marion J. Woodfield, Rachael M. Jones, Darrah K. Sleeth
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of face shields on the concentration of respirable aerosols in the breathing zone of the wearer. The experimental findings showed that face shields can decrease the concentration of respirable aerosols in the breathing zone, with varying efficiency depending on the design of the face shield and the breathing rate. Further research is needed to understand the impact of face shield position on its effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Song Tang, Xia Li, Pei Ding, Yixin Mao, Fuchang Deng, Yu'e Cha, Siqi Zhuang, Cheng Ding, Jiao Wang, Youbin Wang, Xiaoning Zhao, Rachael M. Jones, Biao Kan, C. Raina MacIntyre, Dongqun Xu, Xiaoming Shi
Review
Environmental Sciences
Sharly Coombs, Darrah K. Sleeth, Rachael M. Jones
Summary: The scoping review focused on environmental health concerns associated with adverse health outcomes in the Navajo Nation, specifically looking at occupational and ambient environmental exposures related to human industrial activities. While most research has centered on the health effects of uranium, there are gaps in knowledge regarding the health outcomes associated with current occupations and the psychosocial impact of environmental hazards in the region. Further epidemiologic research may be needed to address other environmental exposures and hazards known to exist on the Navajo Nation.
REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rachael M. Jones
ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Amanda M. Wilson, Kamaljeet Kaur, Rachael M. Jones, Kerry E. Kelly
Summary: Aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 by COVID-19 patients can put healthcare workers and susceptible individuals at risk. This study evaluated the feasibility of using a high-volume filter sampler and BioSpot-VIVAS sampler to detect SARS-CoV-2 in patient rooms. The high-volume filter sampler was more portable, but its limits of detection remain unknown.
ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rachael M. Jones
Summary: Silicosis is becoming a rapidly progressing occupational disease among young workers in the artificial stone fabrication and installation industry. This is due to the high levels of crystalline silica exposure, particularly during dry cutting and finishing tasks. Occupational hygienists need to develop and implement control strategies, taking into consideration the challenging conditions of artificial stone work.
ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jinge Huang, Geun Woo Park, Rachael M. Jones, Angela M. Fraser, Jan Vinje, Xiuping Jiang
Summary: This study found that disinfectants containing H2O2 are highly effective against FCV, TuV, and C. difficile endospores. The formulation of the disinfectant plays a larger role in its efficacy than the concentration of H2O2.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rachael M. Jones
ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
(2022)
Correction
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rachael M. Jones
ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Olosengbuan Obuhoro, Rachael M. Jones
Summary: It is widely recognized that health care personnel (HCP) face contamination risks when removing personal protective equipment (PPE). This scoping review analyzed various studies on this topic and found that post-doffing contamination was frequently observed on the hands, wrist, face, and neck. However, due to the diversity in methods and variables used across studies, it is challenging to identify consistent patterns of contamination. More research is needed to improve study methodology and understand the implications of post-doffing contamination on infection risks for both patients and HCP.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lisa M. Brosseau, Rachael M. Jones, Kate Gardner, Spencer C. Williams, Kimberly P. Henry, Denali Sanders
Summary: This study investigated occupational health and safety regulations enacted by some states and the federal government in the USA to prevent COVID-19 transmission in workplaces between January 2020 and January 2022. The study found that most regulations identified respiratory aerosols as the primary source of SARS-CoV-2 and recognized person-to-person transmission through droplets, airborne particles, and contact. The regulations described exposure and risk levels and corresponding control strategies. The Virginia regulations specifically incorporated the hierarchy of controls, while the California and Virginia regulations explicitly linked control strategies to the transmission route.
ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rachael M. Jones
ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rachael M. Jones
ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Vivi Schlunssen, Rachael M. Jones
Summary: Sex and gender have an impact on work environment and occupational exposure, but they have often been overlooked in previous research. Recent studies have shown an increase in exploration of gender differences, but there is still a need for improvement in assessment methods to gain more comprehensive knowledge.
ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Igor Burstyn, Rachael M. Jones
ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
(2023)