Establishing the structure-activity relationship of teixobactin

In 2015, a new antimicrobial peptide agent was discovered, termed teixobactin. Over the past few years, the structure-activity relationship of teixobactin has been extensively studied. Here, the updated studies have been summarized to provide structure-activity relationship established to date. It can be seen that position 1, 2, 5 and 6 of teixobactin are not tolerant of diversion from the native amino acids. In positions 7 and 11, native amino acids give the highest activity but there is tolerance for other amino acids. Positions 3, 4, 9 and 10 are very tolerant of substitution while maintaining good potency and a broad activity spectrum. Activity does not depend on absolute stereochemistry, but on the relative stereochemistry and positions 1, 4, 5, and 8 must contain D-amino acids. The ring and tail structure are necessary for activity, macrolactone and lactam rings are both acceptable. Some teixobactin analogues show greater activity than native teixobactin. All conducted animal studies show positive results with no animal deaths. (C) 2019 Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.