Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Meiying Yan, Yongming Zhou, Yang Cao, Zhenpeng Li, Xin Lu, Bo Pang, Shukun Wang, Biao Kan
Summary: This study discovered a new serovar of Salmonella (S. enterica subsp. II serovar 4,5,12:a:-) and demonstrated its ability to infect humans and cause clusters of cases. Whole-genome sequencing detection and surveillance of Salmonella can accurately define Salmonella classification and clonality, improve diagnosis, facilitate outbreak detection, and aid in the source tracing of salmonellosis epidemics.
Article
Immunology
Sophie Octavia, Ka Lip Chew, Raymond T. P. Lin, Jeanette W. P. Teo
Summary: Global travel has led to the occasional introduction of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi into industrialized countries. Azithromycin-resistant Salmonella Typhi has been detected in Singapore, with 2 isolates likely being locally acquired. Ongoing vigilance and surveillance are necessary to minimize the public health risk posed by this serious pathogen.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Wan Ratmaazila Wan Wan Makhtar, Izwan Bharudin, Nurul Hidayah Samsulrizal, Nik Yusnoraini Yusof
Summary: The advancement in whole-genome sequencing technology in recent years has revolutionized the study of infectious diseases, providing new insights into various fields related to infectious diseases. By examining the genomes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, researchers have enhanced their understanding of genetic evolution and pathogenic mechanisms, potentially advancing the development of typhoid vaccines and medications.
Article
Immunology
Ye Feng, Yi-Ching Chen, Rajendra Prasad Janapatla, Zeyu Wang, Ying-Jie Hsu, Chyi-Liang Chen, Cheng-Hsun Chiu
Summary: The genomic analysis in Taiwan showed a link to infections in South and Southeast Asia, as well as global circulation of typhoidal clones. Mutations at gyrA 83 aa were found in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains. Local transmission of international clones was also observed in the country.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Stephy Mol Robinson, Vyshakh Rajachandran, Suchismita Majumdar, Satabdi Saha, Sneha Das, Sujay Chattopadhyay
Summary: Detecting adaptive mutations leading to gene inactivation or loss of function is crucial for understanding the evolution of bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance. Truncation mutations, which trim the length of encoded proteins, can contribute to gene inactivation. This study analyzed the accumulation of truncation mutations in two serovars of Salmonella, finding distinct sets of core truncated genes in each serovar. These truncation mutations were acquired by different subsets of isolates and were also targeted by convergent amino acid mutations in different serovars, suggesting adaptation. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of adaptive truncation mutations on bacterial virulence evolution.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yu Han, Yu Li, Zhiwei Zeng, Wenjing Li, Saixiang Feng, Weisheng Cao
Summary: This study explores the resistance mechanism and activity of the antimicrobial peptide MccY against Salmonella strains. The deletion of Ton system genes resulted in resistance to MccY and mutants showed increased susceptibility to MccY under a low-iron condition. MccY may decrease the virulence of S. Typhimurium by altering multiple physiological properties.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Shawn T. Clark, Kirby Cronin, Antoine J. Corbeil, Samir N. Patel
Summary: This work provides an updated summary of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among Salmonella Typhi strains isolated from patients in Ontario, Canada. The emergence and spread of resistant strains have complicated the epidemiology and treatment of typhoid fever. A 10-year retrospective survey showed stable susceptibility patterns for certain drugs but an increase in nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, indicating the need for healthcare providers to consider current trends in antimicrobial susceptibility for proper therapy selection.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Yuan Yuan, Yara Seif, Kevin Rychel, Reo Yoo, Siddharth Chauhan, Saugat Poudel, Tahani Al-bulushi, Bernhard O. Palsson, Anand Sastry
Summary: By combining pan-genome and transcriptomic analytics, variations in transcriptional regulatory networks across six strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were revealed.
Article
Microbiology
Lauren K. K. Hudson, William E. E. Andershock, Xiaorong Qian, Paula L. L. Gibbs, Kelly Orejuela, Katie N. N. Garman, John R. R. Dunn, Thomas G. G. Denes
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical and epidemiological significance of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport. The results showed that Newport serovar is the second most prevalent clinically isolated Salmonella serovar in the United States and can contaminate various food products. The study also identified 18 potential epidemiological clusters and highlighted the importance of this research for public health surveillance and the Salmonella research community.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ashraf Hussain, Eugene Boon Beng Ong, Prabha Balaram, Asma Ismail, Phua Kia Kien
Summary: Our study aimed to investigate the effects of deleting tolC on the adhesion and invasion of HT-29 epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophages by S. Typhi in vitro. Our results showed that the tolC mutant strain had significantly reduced adhesion and invasion rates compared to the wild-type strain in both cell types. Additionally, we observed downregulation of SPI-1 gene expression in the tolC mutant.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Yu-feng Qiu, Reshma B. Nambiar, Xue-bin Xu, Shun-tai Weng, Hang Pan, Kui-cheng Zheng, Min Yue
Summary: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a common cause of gastroenteritis, with the invasive infection caused by an infrequently reported serovar Telelkebir strain FJ001 in China carrying antimicrobial-resistant and typhoidtoxin genes. Genomic investigation revealed a high relatedness among global S. Telelkebir isolates, suggesting potential rapid transmissions through international travels. This study highlights the importance of surveillance and understanding the threat posed by the unique combination of virulent and antimicrobial-resistant determinants in NTS infections.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Gopal R. Gopinath, Hyein Jang, Junia Jean-Gilles Beaubrun, Jayanthi Gangiredla, Mark K. Mammel, Andrea Mueller, Sandeep Tamber, Isha R. Patel, Laura Ewing, Leah M. Weinstein, Caroline Z. Wang, Samantha Finkelstein, Flavia Negrete, Tim Muruvanda, Marc Allard, Donald C. Sockett, Franco Pagotto, Ben D. Tall, Roger Stephan
Summary: This study analyzed the genomic structure of Salmonella enterica serovar Bovismorbificans using core-genome analysis and k-mer-binning methods. The results revealed two polyphyletic clusters with emerging evolutionary properties. The assessment of genotypic features contributing to pathogenesis and persistence provided insights into the emerging characteristics of this serovar.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Xue Fu, Lan Feng, Linghan Kong, Chun Li, Xiaodong Zhao, Huade Li, Pengfei Cui, Wenjun Yan, Yaru Zhai, Lan Zhang, Hao Li, Hongning Wang, Xin Yang
Summary: The study investigated the prevalence of Salmonella Derby in yak farms in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, demonstrating its high pathogenicity to mice. Findings suggest that Salmonella Derby excreted by diarrheic yaks could be a source of contamination for other yaks and the environment.
Review
Microbiology
Maryam Khan, Saba Shamim
Summary: S. Typhi is a pathogen causing typhoid fever, with over 27 million cases and 200,000 deaths globally each year. The pathogen causes infection through various virulence factors, including resistance genes, leading to resistance to multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics. The issue of antibiotic resistance has raised global concern.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nirmal Kumar Mohakud, Rakesh Kumar Panda, Saumya Darshana Patra, Bikash Ranjan Sahu, Mrinmoy Ghosh, Gajraj Singh Kushwaha, Namrata Misra, Mrutyunjay Suar
Summary: The study analyzed a strain of Salmonella isolated from a patient with gastroenteritis in Odisha, India, revealing highly conserved genes related to drug resistance and virulence, suggesting the potential dissemination of a novel multi-drug resistant strain with enhanced virulence.
Article
Immunology
Alexander L. Greninger, Amin Addetia, Kimberly Starr, Robert J. Cybulski, Mary K. Stewart, Stephen J. Salipante, Andrew B. Bryan, Brad Cookson, Christiane Gaudreau, Sadjia Bekal, Ferric C. Fang
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arturo Casadevall, Ferric C. Fang
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Ferric C. Fang, Robert T. Schooley
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Dustin E. Bosch, Patrick C. Mathias, Niklas Krumm, Andrew Bryan, Ferric C. Fang, Alex L. Greninger
Summary: Elevated white blood cell count can predict Clostridium difficile infection results, but with low accuracy in inpatient settings. Elevated white blood cell count in CDI patients is associated with longer hospital stays and increased risk of mortality.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Mark Kirkwood, Prerna Vohra, Matt Bawn, Gaetan Thilliez, Hannah Pye, Jennifer Tanner, Cosmin Chintoan-Uta, Priscilla Branchu, Liljana Petrovska, Timothy Dallman, Neil Hall, Mark P. Stevens, Robert A. Kingsley
Summary: The emergence of new bacterial pathogens poses a ongoing challenge for agriculture and food safety, with Salmonella Typhimurium posing a major threat globally. Through genomic epidemiology, it is found that the U288 and ST34 variants of S. Typhimurium have evolved differently in terms of their pathogenicity in humans and pigs. The molecular evolution of these isolates is associated with altered pathogenicity in pigs and reduced zoonotic potential of U288.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Joyce E. Karlinsey, Angela M. Fung, Norah Johnston, Howard Goldfine, Stephen J. Libby, Ferric C. Fang
Summary: Cyclopropanation of membrane lipids enhances stress resistance and virulence in Salmonella bacteria.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemical Research Methods
Matt Bawn, David Dent, Philip E. E. Bourne
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clemens M. Gehrer, Alexander Hoffmann, Richard Hilbe, Philipp Grubwieser, Anna-Maria Mitterstiller, Heribert Talasz, Ferric C. Fang, Esther G. Meyron-Holtz, Sarah H. Atkinson, Gunter Weiss, Manfred Nairz
Summary: The sequestration of iron in case of infection is a strategy of host defense, but the function of ferritin in bacterial infections is not fully understood. Iron bound to ferritin is less available to Salmonella, but still enhances bacterial growth significantly. Superoxide dismutase may weaken bacterial iron uptake from ferritin by siderophore-independent mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Matt Bawn, Johana Hernandez, Eleftheria Trampari, Gaetan Thilliez, Christopher Quince, Mark A. Webber, Robert A. Kingsley, Neil Hall, Iain C. Macaulay
Summary: Single-cell DNA sequencing can reveal hierarchical structures in cell populations and facilitate studies of clonal evolution. This study presents a single bacterial genomic analysis approach for in vitro evolution experiments and applies it to Salmonella's experimental evolution. The results show that the population exposed to antibiotic stress can develop resistance while maintaining diversity. This study demonstrates how high-throughput single-cell sequencing can enhance experimental studies of bacterial evolution.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Jane Chuprin, Hannah Buettner, Mina O. Seedhom, Dale L. Greiner, James G. Keck, Fumihiko Ishikawa, Leonard D. Shultz, Michael A. Brehm
Summary: Immunotherapy has shown promise in treating various cancers, but there is still much to learn about its mechanisms of action and biomarkers of response. Humanized mice, which are mice engrafted with human tumors and immune components, offer several advantages for immuno-oncology research. This Review discusses the benefits and challenges of humanized mice and highlights the latest advances in their generation for potential clinical translation.
NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yetao Wang, Lawrence Lifshitz, Noah J. Silverstein, Esther Mintzer, Kevin Luk, Pamela StLouis, Michael A. Brehm, Scot A. Wolfe, Steven G. Deeks, Jeremy Luban
Summary: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a diverse population of cells that include NK cells and play important roles in tissue homeostasis and repair, inflammation, and protection from infection. This study used transcriptional and chromatin profiling to investigate the interplay between human blood ILCs and their responses to HIV-1 infection. The findings reveal the existence of four main ILC subsets in human blood and provide insights into how HIV-1 infection disrupts NK cells and their homeostatic function.
Article
Microbiology
Arturo Casadevall, Ferric Fang
Summary: Decisions involving cooperation or competition are common in science. This article examines three common scenarios in biomedical sciences – establishing priority, sharing reagents, and selecting a journal for publication – using the prisoner's dilemma as a framework. In each situation, cooperation is found to be the optimal strategy for scientists and for the advancement of science.
Letter
Immunology
Robert T. Schooley, Ferric C. Fang
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ferric C. Fang, Constance A. Benson, Carlos del Rio, Kathryn M. Edwards, Vance G. Fowler, David N. Fredricks, Ajit P. Limaye, Barbara E. Murray, Susanna Naggie, Peter G. Pappas, Robin Patel, David L. Paterson, David A. Pegues, William A. Petri, Robert T. Schooley
Summary: In this article, the editors of Clinical Infectious Diseases review important lessons learned about the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and identify essential questions about COVID-19 that remain to be answered.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
