Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mohamed Karim Maghraby, Bo Li, Lijun Chi, Catriona Ling, Abderrahim Benmoussa, Patrick Provost, Andrea C. Postmus, Abdirahman Abdi, Agostino Pierro, Celine Bourdon, Robert H. J. Bandsma
Summary: The study revealed that EVs enriched from milk have the potential to improve intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by malnutrition and enhance cellular proliferation and intestinal structure restoration.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alex J. Thompson, Claire D. Bourke, Ruairi C. Robertson, Nirupama Shivakumar, Christine A. Edwards, Tom Preston, Elaine Holmes, Paul Kelly, Gary Frost, Douglas J. Morrison
Summary: The importance of gut function in undernutrition and its potential link to stunting and severe acute malnutrition is highlighted. However, the lack of tools for quantitative assessment of gut function has hindered the understanding of gut pathogenesis and evaluation of gut-targeted therapies in undernutrition. The potential for technological innovation to improve assessment of gut function and morphology in low-income and middle-income countries is discussed.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Katayoun Khoshbin, Lehar Khanna, Daniel Maselli, Jessica Atieh, Margaret Breen-Lyles, Kayla Arndt, Deborah Rhoten, Roy B. Dyer, Ravinder J. Singh, Sunita Nayar, Sandra Bjerkness, William S. Harmsen, Irene Busciglio, Michael Camilleri
Summary: This study aimed to obtain normative data on small intestinal and colonic permeability. Results showed that C-13-mannitol is the preferred probe for small intestinal permeability, while C-12-mannitol is not suitable for use.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. Dereke, E. Ekblad, B. Westrom, C. Erlanson-Albertsson, M. Landin-Olsson, I Sjoholm, M. Hillman
Summary: A study found that a Western diet high in Maillard reaction products (MRPs) may lead to metabolic dysregulation and affect the immune and endocrine systems. The research showed that weaning rats fed diets rich in MRPs experienced significant structural changes in the pancreas, intestine, and thymus after just one week of exposure. The findings suggest that dietary MRPs could contribute to metabolic disorders, dysregulation of intestinal GLP-1-immunoreactive cells, arrest in pancreas development, and thymus atrophy.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sanjay Basak, Ranjit K. Das, Antara Banerjee, Sujay Paul, Surajit Pathak, Asim K. Duttaroy
Summary: Obesity in pregnancy has various effects on fetal neurodevelopment, such as disturbing the transport of essential long-chain PUFAs for brain development and altering the maternal gut microbiota, which further affects fetal brain development.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gertrude Ecklu-Mensah, Jack Gilbert, Suzanne Devkota
Summary: Diet plays a crucial role in shaping the gut microbiota, with dietary selection pressures throughout life influencing the composition and diversity of microorganisms. Personalized dietary solutions should be tailored to an individual's personal history and nutritional needs.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Flavia Genua, Vedhika Raghunathan, Mazda Jenab, William M. Gallagher, David J. Hughes
Summary: The breakdown of the protective mucosal barrier in the gut is implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, along with changes in the gut microbiome. Factors such as obesity and a Western diet may alter gut-barrier integrity, increasing exposure of colonocytes to toxins and contributing to CRC development.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cielo Garcia-Montero, Oscar Fraile-Martinez, Ana M. Gomez-Lahoz, Leonel Pekarek, Alejandro J. Castellanos, Fernando Noguerales-Fraguas, Santiago Coca, Luis G. Guijarro, Natalio Garcia-Honduvilla, Angel Asunsolo, Lara Sanchez-Trujillo, Guillermo Lahera, Julia Bujan, Jorge Monserrat, Melchor Alvarez-Mon, Miguel A. Alvarez-Mon, Miguel A. Ortega
Summary: The most prevalent non-communicable diseases of our time, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer, are on the rise globally due to inflammatory disorders, impaired immune functions and alterations in gut microbiota. Nutrition plays a crucial role in modulating the interaction between immune system and microbiota, with Westernized diet negatively impacting both, while Mediterranean diet positively influences them. Precision nutrition is emerging as a new approach for the treatment and prevention of these diseases.
Review
Immunology
Olga Maria Nardone, Roberto de Sire, Valentina Petito, Anna Testa, Guido Villani, Franco Scaldaferri, Fabiana Castiglione
Summary: Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle mass and function loss, poses a significant health burden in industrialized countries. Factors such as aging, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance contribute to its pathogenesis. Recent studies show that gut microbiota play a crucial role in the development of muscle failure in inflammatory bowel disease patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Patin Sililas, Lingling Huang, Chanisa Thonusin, Suchaya Luewan, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn Chattipakorn, Theera Tongsong
Summary: The study found that maternal Lactobacillales was decreased before delivery in both non-GDM and GDM groups, with a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in the GDM group. However, there was no difference in neonatal gut microbiota between the groups. Further research comparing gut microbiota composition among different GDM treatment groups is needed to better understand the role of gut microbiota in the development of GDM.
Article
Immunology
Grace T. Patterson, Elvia Y. Osorio, Alex Peniche, Sara M. Dann, Erika Cordova, Geoffrey A. Preidis, Ji Ho Suh, Ichiaki Ito, Omar A. Saldarriaga, Michael Loeffelholz, Nadim J. Ajami, Bruno L. Travi, Peter C. Melby
Summary: Acute malnutrition is associated with abnormal development of the intestinal microbiota and dysfunction of the intestinal barrier, resulting in systemic inflammation and endotoxemia.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ishawu Iddrisu, Andrea Monteagudo-Mera, Carlos Poveda, Simone Pyle, Muhammad Shahzad, Simon Andrews, Gemma Emily Walton
Summary: This review discusses the impact of diet on gut microbiota and how it relates to childhood malnutrition. Diarrhoea, induced by pathogenic elements of the gut microbiota, contributes to malnutrition by leading to malabsorption of essential nutrients. The gut microbiota of severely malnourished children shows differences compared to healthy children, indicating a potential link between gut microbiota and malnutrition in children.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Paul Kelly
Summary: There is a growing awareness of the impact of intestinal dysfunction on clinical outcomes, such as in undernourished children in urban tropical slums and surgical patients in intensive care units. Starvation and severe undernutrition are associated with intestinal atrophy and achlorhydria. Experimental animal models can help explain observations in humans, despite limited research on experimental starvation in humans.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Neil Daniel, Flavia Genua, Mazda Jenab, Ana-Lucia Mayen, Anastasia Chrysovalantou Chatziioannou, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen, David J. Hughes
Summary: Hepatobiliary cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cancers of the biliary tract, are associated with unhealthy western-type dietary and lifestyle patterns, obesity, and dysbiosis in the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome interacts bidirectionally with the liver through the gut-liver axis. Factors such as dysbiosis, reduced gut barrier function, exposure to inflammatory compounds, and metabolic dysfunction contribute to the development of hepatobiliary cancer. Dietary and lifestyle factors mediated by the gut microbiome also impact liver pathologies. Emerging gut microbiome editing techniques are being investigated for hepatobiliary diseases.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chandrasekhar Balasubramaniam, Rashmi Hogarehalli Mallappa, Devendra Kumar Singh, Pankaj Chaudhary, Bhavneet Bharti, Santhosh Kumar Muniyappa, Sunita Grover
Summary: This study investigated the association of a dysbiotic gut with childhood malnutrition by assessing the abundance of major gut bacterial phyla and specific bacteria. The results showed higher abundance of Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium in healthy children compared to those with severe acute malnutrition, while Lactobacillus showed higher abundance in malnourished children.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Madeleine Bird, Stephanie Cerutti, Ying Jiang, Sebastian A. Srugo, Margaret de Groh
Summary: The Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire (CANRISK) is a valuable diabetes risk assessment tool widely used by allied health organizations in Canada, but there are implementation barriers that need to be addressed.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hailey Scott, Lilian M. Martinelli, David Grynspan, Enrrico Bloise, Kristin L. Connor
Summary: Preterm birth and infection can alter placental expression of multidrug resistance transporters and IL-6, while maternal prepregnancy BMI does not influence placental outcomes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Lilian M. Martinelli, Antonio Carucci, Victor J. H. Payano, Kristin L. Connor, Enrrico Bloise
Summary: The yolk sac (YS) is an important extraembryonic membrane in vertebrates. This review compares the developmental aspects and functions of the YS in humans and mice, and highlights the similarities and differences between the two species. Despite some dissimilarities, the mouse can potentially serve as a translational model for studying the human YS.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Margaret Elizabeth Eng, Enrrico Bloise, Stephen G. Matthews
Summary: Maternal antenatal use of synthetic glucocorticoids (sGCs) can affect blood-brain barrier (BBB) function in juvenile offspring, with potential sex differences.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Margaret E. Eng, Guinever E. Imperio, Enrrico Bloise, Stephen G. Matthews
Summary: The blood-brain barrier plays an important role in protecting the developing brain from environmental toxins and xenobiotics. Drug transporters, such as P-gp and BCRP, are crucial for developmental homeostasis and fetal brain protection. Various factors can modulate the expression and function of these drug transporters, either increasing or inhibiting brain protection.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
V. R. S. Monteiro, C. B. V. Andrade, H. R. Gomes, M. W. Reginatto, G. E. Imperio, K. N. Fontes, D. A. Spiess, W. S. Rangel-Junior, V. M. O. Nascimento, C. O. S. Lima, R. P. C. Sousa, F. F. Bloise, S. G. Matthews, E. Bloise, P. M. Pimentel-Coelho, T. M. Ortiga-Carvalho
Summary: Limited information is available about the effect of mid-pregnancy viral infections on placental expression and offspring behavior. This study found that maternal exposure to a synthetic double-stranded RNA viral mimic disrupted placental cell turnover and impaired offspring behavior in adult life.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Phetcharawan Lye, Enrrico Bloise, Guinever E. Imperio, David Chitayat, Stephen G. Matthews
Summary: There is limited information about the expression and function of the drug transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in the developing blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, primary human fetal brain endothelial cells (hfBECs) from early and mid-gestation brains were isolated and cultured to assess the expression and function of P-gp and BCRP. The results showed that both P-gp and BCRP are expressed and functionally competent in hfBECs from early and mid-gestation, indicating their potential role in the protective phenotype of the BBB during early stages of pregnancy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristin L. Connor, Enrrico Bloise, Todd Z. DeSantis, Stephen J. Lye
Summary: This study explores the effects of malnutrition on gut structure and function in pregnant women and highlights the adaptive changes in the gut holobiont in response to suboptimal maternal diets. Specifically, a high-fat diet increases maternal small intestinal architecture and proinflammatory load while decreasing the expression of P-glycoprotein. On the other hand, undernutrition increases small intestinal villi proliferation and the expression of certain MDR transporters, but decreases the expression of Abcg2. Furthermore, specific microbial taxa are significantly associated with the levels of MDR transporter expression.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
C. B. V. Andrade, L. V. A. Lopes, T. M. Ortiga-Carvalho, S. G. Matthews, E. Bloise
Summary: This review comprehensively examines the effect of infection on the placental multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), finding that infection can regulate the expression of P-gp and BCRP in the placenta by altering their mRNA, protein, and function levels. The modulation effect varies according to different infection factors, gestational age, trophoblast type, and species. The expression and localization of Toll-like receptor (TLR) proteins at the maternal-fetal interface are also discussed, aiming to understand how infective agents modulate placental MDR. The alterations in placental MDR induced by infection may impact the distribution of important MDR substrates and adversely affect pregnancy outcome and maternal/neonatal health.
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Phetcharawan Lye, Enrrico Bloise, Stephen G. G. Matthews
Summary: Infectious pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) significantly modify the expression and function of multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters in human fetal brain endothelial cells (hfBECs), potentially leading to altered trajectories of fetal brain development.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Sebastian A. Srugo, Danilo Fernandes da Silva, Lynn M. Menard, Neetu Shukla, Justin J. Lang
Summary: This study evaluated the physical activity and sedentary behavior levels among pregnant and non-pregnant adults in Canada. The results showed that both pregnant and non-pregnant adults spent an average of 9.5 hours per day engaged in sedentary behavior. Pregnant adults, especially those under 35 years old, participated in less moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) compared to non-pregnant adults. Only 27.5% of pregnant adults and 41.1% of non-pregnant adults met the Canadian physical activity guidelines.
JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Thaina Ferraz, Samantha J. Benton, Israa Zareef, Oluwatomike Aribaloye, Enrrico Bloise, Kristin L. Connor
Summary: Obesity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease during pregnancy. The co-occurrence of high maternal BMI and gestational SARS-CoV-2 infection are detrimental to fetoplacental development. In pregnancies with high maternal BMI and SARS-CoV-2 infection, chronic inflammation, fetal vascular malperfusion, maternal vascular malperfusion, and fibrinoids were commonly observed placental lesions.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Hafsah Mughis, Phetcharawan Lye, Stephen G. Matthews, Enrrico Bloise
Summary: This study found that human fetal brain endothelial cells express SARS-CoV-2-associated cell entry proteins during early and mid-pregnancy. Hypoxia can modify the expression levels of these proteins in a gestational age and time-of-exposure-dependent manner.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY MFM
(2023)
Article
Biology
F. Aguiar, P. Rhana, E. Bloise, C. B. Nunes, A. L. Rodrigues, E. Ferreira
Summary: The protein expression and subcellular localization of T-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (Cav3) were evaluated in human breast tissue samples. It was found that the nuclear expressions of CaV3.1, CaV3.2, and CaV3.3 decreased in advanced stages of neoplastic transformation, while the cytoplasmic expression of CaV3.1 and CaV3.2 increased. The change in protein expression and subcellular localization of CaV3 corresponded with the neoplastic transformation stages, suggesting a possible involvement of CaV3 in the carcinogenic processes and its potential as a pharmacological target in breast cancer treatment.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Hafsah Mughis, Phetcharawan Lye, Guinever Imperio, Enrrico Bloise, Stephen Matthews
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2022)