Article
Plant Sciences
Guanjun Huang, Yuhan Yang, Lele Zhu, Xifeng Ren, Shaobing Peng, Yong Li
Summary: This study suggests a strong correlation between stomatal and leaf structures, and highlights the importance of mesophyll cell size in determining the coordination between stomatal size and mesophyll porosity. The findings also indicate a highly correlated development of stomata and mesophyll cells among different crop species.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Sonia Di Tella, Matteo De Marco, Francesca Baglio, Maria Caterina Silveri, Annalena Venneri
Summary: This study investigated the impact of cognitive reserve on functional connectivity in patients with Parkinson's disease and found that individuals with low cognitive reserve had weaker functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. They also exhibited downregulation of attentional control networks and compensatory upregulation of medial frontal regions. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Aleksandra Wrobel, Przemyslaw Kurek, Michal Bogdziewicz, Dorota Dobrowolska, Rafal Zwolak
Summary: Successful invasions of non-native plants often rely on establishing mutualistic interactions with native organisms, with animal seed dispersers playing a key role in enhancing the spread of invasive plants. Research found that Eurasian jays favored harvesting acorns from native pedunculate oaks, but also removed almost all offered acorns of the invasive northern red oaks, especially when the two oak species co-occurred.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Biology
Guillaume Theroux-Rancourt, Adam B. Roddy, J. Mason Earles, Matthew E. Gilbert, Maciej A. Zwieniecki, C. Kevin Boyce, Danny Tholen, Andrew J. McElrone, Kevin A. Simonin, Craig R. Brodersen
Summary: Genome size plays a crucial role in determining the sizes and packing densities of cells in leaf tissues, which in turn affect CO2 diffusion. Smaller cells enable more mesophyll surface area to be packed into the leaf volume, facilitating higher CO2 diffusion. Additionally, the spongy mesophyll layer facilitates gaseous phase diffusion while the palisade mesophyll layer facilitates liquid-phase diffusion.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Maria Mucha, Partycja Mroz, Dominika Wrona, Piotr Konca, Joanna Marszalek
Summary: The role of a polymer as a retarder additive is to improve the workability and properties of gypsum paste. This study investigated the influence of water-soluble cellulose derivative HPMC on the setting kinetics, properties, and microstructure of gypsum. The results showed that the presence of HPMC modified the hydration/crystallization process of gypsum, reducing the K value but suggesting a three-dimensional diffusion-controlled mechanism based on the value of n. The mechanical properties of the gypsum plaster composites were correlated with the sample's microstructure.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Dina A. A. Ronzhina, Svetlana V. V. Migalina, Irek A. A. Yusupov
Summary: In petroleum-producing territories of West Siberia (Russia), the thermal effect of oilwell gas flares on nearby plant communities was studied. The research focused on the effect of the hydrothermal regime at the flare sites on mesophyll and stomatal functional traits of Betula pubescens. The study found that plants near the gas flares had smaller stomata and lower stomatal density, resulting in lower maximum stomatal conductance.
JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Hu Sun, Yu-Qi Zhang, Shi-Bao Zhang, Wei Huang
Summary: This study reveals that the decrease in leaf N content delays the induction speeds of net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and mesophyll conductance upon transition from low to high light in tomato seedlings. The photosynthetic induction kinetics are mainly affected by the induction response of mesophyll conductance rather than stomatal conductance.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Maria E. Soto Acosta, Mario Perea, Ana I. Ruiz, Mirna Hilal, Patricia L. Albornoz, Maria I. Isla
Summary: This study analyzed the structural, physiological, and biochemical features of two endemic cactus species, Gymnocalycium marianae and G. oenanthemum, in arid regions of Argentina. The results showed that G. marianae had deeper substomatal chambers and more developed photosynthetic tissue in the stem, while G. oenanthemum had thicker spines with higher biomass and phenolic compound content. Ectomycorrhizae were observed in the roots of both species for the first time. G. marianae had higher colonization, biomass, and phenolic compound content in the roots. These findings provide insights into the survival strategies of these cacti species in xeric environments and may contribute to conservation efforts.
Article
Plant Sciences
J. S. Lee
Summary: Stomata open by transporting osmotic materials to the guard cell vacuole. Various channels related to K+ transport and H+ transport enzymes in tonoplast play an essential role in creating an ideal pH condition for metabolisms. Sucrose is suggested to be the most important substance to increase the osmotic pressure of the vacuole, and blue light-induced stomatal openings may reflect the effect of blue light stimulated photosynthesis.
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Xinrui Liu, Xue Wang, Haoxuan Chen, Kaixi Chen, Weiyi Mo, Yanqi Yuan, Jiang Zhu, Ruili Wang, Shuoxin Zhang
Summary: Grass and non-grass species exhibit different leaf anatomical traits and adaptive strategies in response to environmental changes. Non-grass species have thicker leaf tissues for photosynthesis and defense under harsh environmental conditions, while both grass and non-grass species prefer to invest less in defense-related traits and more in photosynthesis-related traits under limited resource conditions.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Jing Han, Yu Shi, Jin-chang Guo, Korzhyk Volodymyr, Wang-yun Le, Feng-xian Dai
Summary: This paper proposes an innovative power-modulated laser welding system that achieves porosity suppression, power modulation, and energy loss reduction simultaneously. Experimental results show that the gradient power mode is more effective in reducing porosity and achieving greater weld depth compared to the constant power mode.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ynglety Cascaes Pereira, Angelina Nilcelia da Silva Nascimento, Brenna Thayane dos Santos Aguiar, Breno Ricardo Serrao da Silva, Maria Antonia Machado Barbosa, Bruno Lemos Batista, Andrzej Bajguz, Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on root and leaf structures and biomass accumulation of soybean plants under inadequate boron (B) supplies. The results demonstrated that EBR application alleviated the damages caused by inadequate B supplies, improved the nutritional status, and promoted biomass accumulation in soybean plants.
JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Victoria C. Clarke, Annamaria De Rosa, Baxter Massey, Aleu Mani George, John R. Evans, Susanne von Caemmerer, Michael Groszmann
Summary: Increasing mesophyll conductance can improve the efficiency of C-3 photosynthesis, but attempts to enhance it through modified aquaporin activity were unsuccessful.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Guanjun Huang, Yuhan Yang, Lele Zhu, Shaobing Peng, Yong Li
Summary: The study investigated the temperature responses of A, gs, and gm in rice and wheat genotypes, revealing significant differences in photosynthetic limitation and gm impact on the key parameter lambda of the optimal-stomata models. The differing lambda-T relationships may explain the different gs-T relationships observed between the genotypes.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Yasutomo Hoshika, Lorenzo Cotrozzi, Olga Gavrichkova, Cristina Nali, Elisa Pellegrini, Andrea Scartazza, Elena Paoletti
Summary: The functional responses of two Mediterranean pine species, P. halepensis and P. pinea, to long-term ozone exposure were examined. It was found that P. halepensis, with thin needles, was sensitive to ozone and showed a significant decrease in photosynthesis, while P. pinea, with thicker needles, was resistant to ozone and did not show clear effects on photosynthesis. These findings are important for understanding the response mechanisms and adaptability of Mediterranean pine forests to ozone pollution.
Article
Plant Sciences
Meng Lu, Marc Fradera-Soler, Felix Forest, Timothy G. Barraclough, Olwen M. Grace
Summary: Crassula plants have developed different ecological strategies in response to environmental challenges, and the lability of these strategies is more common in plant groups that adapt to various habitats. This study investigates the patterns of diversification within Crassula and identifies potential links to its life-form evolution. The findings confirm a radiation of Crassula in the last 10 million years, and the increased diversification is strongly associated with a compact growth form.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Fradera-Soler Marc, Olwen M. Grace, Bodil Jorgensen, Jozef Mravec
Summary: This article reviews the current knowledge on the cell walls of drought-avoiding succulent plants and their effects on tissue biomechanics, water relations, and photosynthesis. The study proposes a hypothetical model for regulated cell wall folding in succulent tissues and discusses the future perspectives of methodological development. The mechanistic adaptations of succulent plant cell walls provide insights into cellular water storage and reversible responses to drought and rehydration.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jacqueline L. Stroud, Iain Dummett, Simon J. Kemp, Craig J. Sturrock
Summary: The conversion from conventional tillage to no-tillage soil management practices improves aggregate stability and earthworm populations. UK farmers found that middened soil, which accounts for up to 42% of the soil surface, has significantly more earthworms than general soil. In a recent experimental field trial, middened areas covering 13% of the trial showed improved aggregate stability and porosity compared to general soil. These findings emphasize the importance of considering middens in assessing soil quality and health in arable systems.
ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yi Xiao, Jen Sloan, Chris Hepworth, Marc Fradera-Soler, Andrew Mathers, Rachel Thorley, Alice Baillie, Hannah Jones, Tiangen Chang, Xingyuan Chen, Nazmin Yaapar, Colin P. Osborne, Craig Sturrock, Sacha. J. J. Mooney, Andrew. J. J. Fleming, Xin-Guang Zhu
Summary: Leaf structure plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, but the relationship between a single structural parameter and the overall photosynthetic performance is still debated. In this study, a mechanistic model called eLeaf was developed to capture the photosynthetic performance of rice leaves under various environmental conditions. The model successfully quantified the importance of different elements by analyzing imaging data and biochemical measurements. The results showed that photosynthetic metabolism was the major driver of increased carbon assimilation under elevated CO2 levels, and various structural elements made positive and negative contributions. The findings provide theoretical support for experimental data and highlight the significance of leaf structural plasticity in improving crop photosynthesis.
Review
Plant Sciences
Catherine A. Walsh, Andrea Braeutigam, Michael R. Roberts, Marjorie R. Lundgren
Summary: The C-2 carbon-concentrating mechanism increases CO2 assimilation by shuttling photorespiratory CO2 from mesophyll to bundle sheath cells. NH3 influx caused by this mechanism may lead to nitrogen imbalance and select for C-4 mechanism. Our alternative hypothesis explains the vital roles of bundle sheath NH3 and serine in C-2 plants and their stress tolerance. Optimized bundle sheath nitrogen hub interacts with sulfur and carbon metabolism to mitigate the effects of high photorespiratory conditions.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Robert S. Caine, Emily L. Harrison, Jen Sloan, Paulina M. Flis, Sina Fischer, Muhammad S. Khan, Phuoc Trong Nguyen, Lang Thi Nguyen, Julie E. Gray, Holly Croft
Summary: A warming climate and water scarcity are affecting rice yields. Stomatal closure due to elevated temperature and vapor pressure deficit is reducing plant productivity. Variations in stomatal size and density were found in traditionally bred rice varieties, with high stomatal density and small stomatal size being more resilient to drought. However, none of the varieties assessed were as resilient as transgenic rice plants with low stomatal density. Compromises will be needed when choosing stomatal characteristics to tackle multiple future environmental stresses.
Article
Agronomy
Jennifer M. Sloan, Azzami Adam Muhamad Mujab, Jusoh Mashitah, Berahim Zulkarami, Matthew J. Wilson, Liang Su Toh, A. Jalil Nur Zahirah, Kamaruzali Afiq, Ahmad Tajuddin Asyraf, Xin-Guang Zhu, Nazmin Yaapar, Andrew J. Fleming
Summary: Tillering in rice is influenced by both genetic factors and the environment. In this study, it was found that even moderate exposure to elevated CO2 can induce tillering in rice seedlings. A cost-effective growth system was then developed to increase CO2 levels and enhance tillering, leading to increased panicle number and 1000 grain weight in mature rice plants.
Article
Plant Sciences
Marc Fradera-Soler, Jozef Mravec, Jesper Harholt, Olwen M. Grace, Bodil Jorgensen
Summary: This study investigated the leaf polysaccharide and glycoprotein composition in Crassula species and their adaptive significance in relation to the growth form and arid adaptation. The results revealed that compact and non-compact Crassula species have distinct phenotypes in terms of leaf glycomics, particularly in regard to certain cell wall components which are correlated with increasing aridity and may contribute to arid adaptation and drought resistance in succulent plants.
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Marc Fradera-Soler, Jozef Mravec, Alexander Schulz, Rafael Taboryski, Bodil Jorgensen, Olwen M. Grace
Summary: Hydathode-mediated foliar water uptake (FWU) has been observed in the leaf-succulent genus Crassula, a diverse group of plants in southern Africa. This FWU ability is not restricted to arid environments and is independent of leaf surface wettability. It is an adaptation that allows Crassula species to harvest moisture from the atmosphere.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Alec S. Baird, Samuel H. Taylor, Sachin Reddi, Jessica Pasquet-Kok, Christine Vuong, Yu Zhang, Teera Watcharamongkol, Grace P. John, Christine Scoffoni, Colin P. Osborne, Lawren Sack
Summary: Allometric relationships of cell sizes within and across tissues and their associations with leaf dimensions and light-saturated photosynthetic rate were tested in grasses. The results showed similarities and exceptions to eudicots, highlighting the generality of evolutionary allometries within the grass lineage and their coordination with development and function.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Tamara Hernandez-Verdeja, Marjorie R. Lundgren
Summary: With a growing population and changing climate, there is increasing pressure on crop productivity and nutritional content. Plant scientists are using biotechnological tools, such as engineering GLK transcription factors, to enhance photosynthesis and agronomical traits in crops, and to address the unpredictability of the climate, achieving food security for a growing population.
PLANTS PEOPLE PLANET
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Marieke Dubois, Ignacio Achon, Robert A. Brench, Stefanie Polyn, Ruben Tenorio Berrio, Ilse Vercauteren, Julie E. Gray, Dirk Inze, Lieven De Veylder
Summary: The cell cycle inhibitor SIAMESE-RELATED1 (SMR1) is identified as a crucial factor in determining the ratio of pavement cells to stomata in response to drought. It terminates the self-renewal potential of stomatal lineage ground cells (SLGCs) and promotes the differentiation of SLGCs into pavement cells. By controlling the differentiation of SLGCs, SMR1 plays a significant role in adjusting the development of the leaf epidermis to suit environmental conditions. As a result, SMR1 is proposed as a promising target for developing climate-resilient plants.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Sophie N. R. Young, Marjorie R. Lundgren
Summary: This study analyzes the physiological, anatomical, and stable isotope data of three species of Paulownia trees and finds that they do not use C-4 photosynthesis. The findings of this study demonstrate how inaccurate citation of scientific findings can contribute to the spread of misinformation beyond the scientific community, as some proponents of Paulownia investments reference its photosynthetic superiority to legitimize its use in carbon offsetting.
PLANTS PEOPLE PLANET
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jen Sloan, Saranrat Wang, Qi Yang Ngai, Yi Xiao, Jodie Armand, Matthew J. Wilson, Xin-Guang Zhu, Andrew J. Fleming
Summary: This study reveals an inherent pattern of mesophyll cell size and shape in rice leaves, which is observed in different cultivars and species. The study suggests that this pattern may be related to photosynthetic function and discusses the implications of using middle layer mesophyll cells as typical of the rice leaf.
