Effects of electromagnetic induction and noise on the regulation of sleep wake cycle

As an exploration of electromagnetic induction effects on homeostatic regulation of sleep wake cycle, a magnetic flux term coupled with membrane current is proposed as an equivalent induction current act on a physiologically-motivated mathematical model, to study the effects of electromagnetic induction and its noise on the sleep wake cycle. The basic model includes 2 simplified Hodgkin-Huxley type neurons connected via glutamate (Glu) synapses, one of which additionally contains hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/ox) as the functionally relevant co-transmitter. The numerical results suggest that when a constant current (DC) stimulus is applied to the model, the average fire frequency of the Hcrt/ox neuron could be modified from gamma to delta frequency with increased the intensity of electromagnetic induction, but the local Glu neuron transforms active into sleep state. Additionally, the homeostatic regulation function has better robustness to electromagnetic induction and its noise than the current or conductance noise, even there is a similar stochastic resonance phenomenon. For the circadian current input case, the time of wake up is delayed and fall asleep is advanced when the electromagnetic induction and its noise is considered. Furthermore, the effects of electromagnetic noise on the regulation is not significant, but only to inhibit the neuronal discharge activities and change the time of wake up and fall asleep of the Glu neuron, characterized by the sleep duration is slightly prolonged with increasing the strength of noise intensity.