Article
Optics
Daeho Yang
Summary: The study proposes an alternative use of artificial neural networks to improve the optical efficiency of complex field encoding. Experimental results show that the neural encoding method significantly enhances the efficiency of amplitude-only SLMs and provides higher image quality.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yicheng Zhao, Wenxiang Yan, Yuan Gao, Zheng Yuan, Zhi-Cheng Ren, Xi-Lin Wang, Jianping Ding, Hui-Tian Wang
Summary: This paper presents a self-interference phase calibration method for liquid-crystal SLM, which can effectively solve the phase distortion problem in wave-front engineering.
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Mansi Baliyan, Allarakha Shikder, Naveen K. Nishchal
Summary: In this study, a simple experimental setup using a single phase-only SLM has been proposed to achieve complex light modulation. By encoding two cascaded phase value distributions onto the SLM, both amplitude and phase modulation of light beam can be achieved, enabling wavefront shaping. The feasibility of the proposed technique has been verified, and commonly known singular beams such as Laguerre-Gaussian and Bessel-Gaussian modes have been successfully generated.
Article
Optics
Romita Chaudhuri, Alexander Wansha, Rosario Porras-Aguilar, Jannick P. Rolland
Summary: The implementation of an interferometric null test using a high-definition spatial light modulator (SLM) as an alternative to a computer-generated hologram is reported. The alignment process chain, including novel techniques using the SLM for alignment fiducials, is detailed. The null test of a concave freeform is successfully performed and compared with conventional interferometry, showing good agreement.
Article
Optics
Remington S. Ketchum, Pierre-Alexandre Blanche
Summary: MEMS-based phase-only spatial light modulators (PLMs) have the potential to operate at speeds faster than 10 kHz, overcoming the limitations of liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulators (SLMs) and expanding their practicality in various applications. However, the complex structure and vertical actuation requirements for large 2D MEMS arrays remain a challenge, but Texas Instruments has adapted their existing DMD technology for manufacturing MEMS-based PLMs.
Article
Optics
Xialin Liu, Boris Braverman, Robert W. Boyd
Summary: We demonstrate a high-speed spatial light modulator (SLM) that can generate arbitrary spatial profiles in a laser pulse by mapping the temporal radio-frequency (RF) waveform to the optical field using an acousto-optic modulator (AOM). The fidelity of the SLM performance can be improved through numerical optimization of the RF waveform to overcome the nonlinearity of the AOM. The resulting acousto-optic SLM has a 50 μm pixel pitch, over 1 MHz update rate, and high damage threshold.
Article
Optics
Zhaoxiang Zhu, Yuanhui Wen, Jiaqi Li, Yujie Chen, Zenghui Peng, Jianxiong Li, Lei Zhu, Yunfei Wu, Lidan Zhou, Lin Liu, Liangjia Zong, Siyuan Yu
Summary: Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) devices provide precise and reconfigurable spatial light modulation, but they suffer from polarization-dependent response. To overcome this limitation, we propose and demonstrate an LCoS device with a polarization-rotating metasurface, achieving high-performance polarization-independent phase modulation. This device offers benefits in terms of configuration simplification and performance improvement for various applications.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Crystallography
Xinyue Zhang, Kun Li
Summary: This paper aims to mathematically analyze the errors caused by non-ideal glass reflections in liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) phase measurement and propose procedures to reduce or eliminate such errors, improving measurement accuracy. The measurement is discussed under three conditions: ideal condition with no LCoS glass reflections, condition with only front reflection, and condition with only back reflection. It is found that the back reflection contributes the most to measurement error and is the main obstacle to high-quality measurements. Several procedures, including optical alignment, LC layer thickness measurement, and phase estimation method, are proposed to improve the uniformity measurement.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Joe Shields, Carlota Ruiz De Galarreta, Harry Penketh, Yat-Yin Au, Jacopo Bertolotti, C. David Wright
Summary: A phase-change material based, thin-film, amplitude-only spatial light modulator is introduced, which modulates the amplitude of incident light without affecting its optical phase. This is achieved by using a thin-film device with a switchable GeTe phase-change layer. Experimental results show that the reflected intensity can be modulated up to 38% with a small average phase difference. The ability of phase-change materials to switch on a sub-microsecond timescales suggests the potential of this modulator in various applications, such as wavefront shaping, communications, sensing, and imaging.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Praveen Kumar, Naveen K. Nishchal
Summary: This paper presents a convenient method to obtain the phase characterization curve of SLM using polarimetry, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach through experimental results. The spatially uniform and linear phase response of SLM achieved through corrections in CGHs enables the generation of singular light fields through on-axis phase modulation.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Optics
Billy Lam, Chunlei Guo
Summary: This study presents a compact vectorial optical field generator for coherent light, utilizing a single Koster prism and phase-only spatial light modulator. It demonstrates the ability to shape focused femtosecond pulses to produce patterned structures.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Youzhi Dong, Xueping Ju, Jing Yuan, Changxiang Yan, Tao Zhang
Summary: The phase retardance of the optical system (PROS) is a crucial factor limiting the accuracy of the Stokes vector reconstruction for the channeled spectropolarimeter. The dependence on reference light with a specific angle of polarization (AOP) and the sensitivity to environmental disturbance brings challenges to the in-orbit calibration of PROS. In this work, we propose an instant calibration scheme with a simple program to address these challenges and achieve high-precision calibration without the need for an onboard calibrator. The effectiveness and anti-interference characteristics of the scheme are demonstrated through simulations and experiments.
Article
Optics
Praveen Kumar, Naveen K. Nishchal
Summary: The paper demonstrates a method to determine and calibrate the modulation characteristics of a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) for on-axis phase response with partially coherent light. A polarimetric approach is implemented to obtain the phase characterization curve of the SLM, correcting phase response errors and ensuring a linear relationship between addressed phase and phase delay. Experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yu Chen, Ping Zhong, Xutong Yang, Haiying Xie, Xin Tang, Fu Yang, Xuandiyang Lu, Lingxiao Xu
Summary: This paper proposes a demodulation method based on liquid crystal spatial light modulator for space domain phase-shift interferometry. The method uses the grating type with dual-image-element mode as the phase modulation mode, and introduces the rho-delta algorithm to recover the interference image from the modulated image. Finally, the demodulation method is implemented using the gradient projection algorithm and the arctangent operation. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method, with a reduction of 1.3 grayscales in image recovery error and a 31.38% improvement rate in recovery accuracy. In the 90-pixel truncation interface, there are 84 effective demodulation pixels, accounting for 93.33% of the total pixels.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yifu Zhou, Hanyue Wei, Liyong Ren, Jian Liang
Summary: In this paper, a novel phase calibration method with high efficiency and accuracy is proposed for scaling LC-SLM based on a phase retrieval algorithm. The voltage-phase characteristic curve of LC-SLM is measured using a 1-D phase retrieval algorithm and the phase is obtained using the gradient descent algorithm. Simulations and experiments show that this method is stable, anti-noise, and can eliminate the influence caused by crosstalk between pixels on the calibration. Compared with the traditional diffraction-based method, our method improves the calibration error up to 30% under the same experimental conditions.
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jia Liu, Min Tang, Qunchao Li, Qing Li, Yuanyuan Dai, Haoquan Zhou
Summary: Pretreated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes (L-Exo) have been found to be effective in treating inflammatory diseases. This study investigates the role of L-Exo in septic liver injury and macrophage STING signaling. Results show that L-Exo can attenuate the liver injury and inhibit the STING signaling in macrophages. The mechanism involves enhancing mitophagy and inhibiting mtDNA release. LPS pretreatment is an effective approach to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs-derived exosomes in septic liver injury.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kai Zhou, Chun-Xu L. Xue, Tingting Xu, Ping Shen, Sha Wei, Kelly Wyres, Margaret M. C. E. Lam, Jinquan Liu, Haoyun Lin, Yunbo Chen, Kathryn Holt, Hui Ding, Yongyun Liu, Haifeng Mao, Ying Huang, Zhenghai Yang, Yuanyuan Dai, Guolin Liao, Lisha Zhu, Liping Zhang, Yanhong Li, Hongyun Xu, Junmin Cao, Baohua Zhang, Liang Guo, Haixin Dong, Shuyan Hu, Sijin Man, Lu Wang, Zhixiang Liao, Rong Xu, Dan Liu, Yan Jin, Yizheng Zhou, Yiqun Liao, Fenghong Chen, Beiqing Gu, Jiliang Wang, Jinhua Liang, Lin Zheng, Aiyun Li, Jilu Shen, Yinqiao Dong, Lixia Zhang, Hongxia Hu, Bo Quan, Wencheng Zhu, Kunpeng Liang, Qiang Liu, Shifu Wang, Xiaoping Yan, Jiangbang Kang, Xiusan Xia, Lan Ma, Li Sun, Liang Luan, Jianzhong Wang, Zhuo Li, Dengyan Qiao, Lin Zhang, Chuandan Wan, Xiaoyan Qi, Fei Du, Yonghong Xiao
Summary: The study reveals the replacement of a prevalent subclone in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with a hypervirulent subpopulation. This expansion is driven by the acquisition of mobile genetic elements, specific gene mutations, and enhanced resistance and virulence traits.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Qinrong Zhang, Qi Hu, Caroline Berlage, Peter Kner, Benjamin Judkewitz, Martin Booth, Na Ji
Summary: Optical microscopy is widely used, but its performance for bioimaging is often affected by sample-induced aberrations. Recently, adaptive optics (AO) techniques have been applied to microscopy, allowing high-resolution imaging of biological structures in complex tissues. This review discusses classic and recently developed AO techniques and their applications in optical microscopy.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Correction
Microbiology
Zhien He, Weifeng Xu, Hang Zhao, Wei Li, Yuanyuan Dai, Huaiwei Lu, Liping Zhao, Changfeng Zhang, Yujie Li, Baolin Sun
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Yafei Shi, Di Qian, Yanhui Li, Wei Chen, Mingming Bo, Mingyu Zhang, Jianglei Shi, Bei Jia, Yuanyuan Dai, Guohui Li
Summary: This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of sintilimab + pemetrexed plus platinum compared to pemetrexed plus platinum alone as the first-line therapy for nonsquamous NSCLC. The results showed that sintilimab combined with pemetrexed plus platinum is a cost-effective first-line therapy in Chinese patients with nonsquamous NSCLC.
TRANSLATIONAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zengchao Sun, Lu Wang, Lingyun Li, Yili Sun, Daizhou Zhang, Siyu Zhou, Yuying Li, Xiyang Li, Huarui Qiao, Qianqian Cui, Zhongyun Lan, Xiangjing Meng, Jianfeng Xu, Yong Geng, Yuanyuan Dai
Summary: In this study, a batch of nanobodies with high affinity for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were identified and classified into three classes using HPLC. The crystal structure of the ternary complexes of two non-competing nanobodies (NB1C6 and NB1B5) with RBD was resolved using X-ray crystallography. These nanobodies showed high affinity and neutralization potency for the omicron variant, potentially inhibiting viral escape. The binding sites of these nanobodies are relatively conserved, which can guide the design of antibodies targeting future variants of SARS-CoV-2.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Wei Li, Xingyang Niu, Yuanyuan Dai, Xiaoxin Wu, Jiaoxing Li, Wenli Sheng
Summary: Animal experiments have shown that knockout of the RNF213 gene leads to a reduction in pericytes and impairment of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebral cortex, accompanied by activation of microglia and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, Rnf213-deficient mice also showed reduced expression of tight junction proteins. These findings indicate that RNF213 may contribute to the pathogenesis of MMD through disruption of pericyte homeostasis and blood-brain barrier integrity, as well as dysregulation of inflammatory responses and tight junction formation.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Kenta Temma, Matthew Wincott, Katsumasa Fujita, Martin J. Booth
Summary: Adaptive optics (AO) techniques improve optical microscopy by compensating phase aberrations and enhancing image quality through precise wavefront modulation. Existing calibration methods, such as interferometry or Shack-Hartmann (SH) wavefront sensors, often have limited dynamic range, limiting aberration correction. By using deflectometry (DF) as a calibration method for deformable mirrors (DM), we extend the available range for aberration correction and demonstrate the capability of remote-focusing with large magnitude phase control beyond what SH sensing can achieve.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Zhongyun Lan, Lingyun Li, Yili Sun, Xiangjing Meng, Zhenzhong Shi, Mengyang Du, Hui Wang, Zengchao Sun, Qianqian Cui, Lu Wang, Tengjie Geng, Siyu Zhou, Yi'ang Wang, Fangzheng Hu, Chonggang Duan, Yong Geng, Yongheng Zhu, Yuanyuan Dai
Summary: In this study, a nanobody A-LY01 specific to AXL-IG was successfully screened by immunizing camelid with purified AXL-IG, and it was demonstrated that A-LY01 could specifically recognize full-length AXL on the surface of HEK 293T/17 cells. This study provides strong support for the development of diagnostic reagents and antibody therapeutics targeting AXL.
PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Huarui Qiao, Lingyun Li, Lu Wang, Haijun Yu, Fangzheng Hu, Xin Zhou, Hongzhao Yang, Jianfeng Xu, Xiangjing Meng, Yong Geng, Yuanyuan Dai
Summary: Coronavirus Papain-like protease (PLpro) cleaves viral polyproteins and helps the virus evade immune response. PLpro is a potential target for broad-spectrum drugs due to its conserved structure. This study purified SARS-CoV-2 PLpro and identified high-affinity nanobodies that significantly inhibit its activity. These nanobodies should be further investigated for potential coronavirus treatment.
PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION
(2023)
Article
Optics
Yihan Jin, Nathan P. Spiller, Chao He, Grahame Faulkner, Martin J. Booth, Steve J. Elston, Stephen M. Morris
Summary: This study demonstrates a new electro-optic technology utilizing chiral nematic liquid crystal dispersed with zwitterionic dopants to combat laser speckle. The results show that the speckle noise can be reduced by over 90%, reaching a level that is imperceptible to the human eye.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Alec Xu, Camron Nourshargh, Patrick S. Salter, Chao He, Steve J. Elston, Martin J. Booth, Stephen M. Morris
Summary: In this Article, a series of novel laser-written liquid crystal (LC) devices are introduced for aberration control in adaptive optics. These transparent LC devices can continuously adjust greyscale to correct chosen aberration modes with a maximum peak-to-peak phase difference magnitude of more than 2p radians at a wavelength of ? = 660 nm. Five different devices are demonstrated for the correction of five independent Zernike polynomial modes, operated by a single electrode pair tuned between 0 and 10 V. These devices have the potential to be a low-cost alternative to spatial light modulators for low-order aberration correction requiring transmissive geometries.
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Yuanyuan Dai
Summary: This paper challenges the culture-free approach in cross-cultural qualitative research, proposing a culturally sensitive research process called chameleonization. By comparing five fieldwork elements, the study reveals the limitations of Western-centered qualitative research in non-Western contexts. The paper uses cultural dimension theory and cultural theories to decipher these paradoxes and suggests strategies to implement chameleonization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE METHODS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Qi Hu, Martin Hailstone, Jingyu Wang, Matthew Wincott, Danail Stoychev, Huriye Atilgan, Dalia Gala, Tai Chaiamarit, Richard M. Parton, Jacopo Antonello, Adam M. Packer, Ilan Davis, Martin J. Booth
Summary: This article proposes a physics-based machine learning method to overcome aberrations in microscope imaging. Unlike previous methods, the neural network architecture used in this approach can be applied to different microscope systems and achieves simplified results. Experimental results demonstrate superior performance of this method under various challenging imaging conditions.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Chao He, Jacopo Antonello, Martin J. Booth
Summary: Vectorial adaptive optics (V-AO) is a powerful tool that enables simultaneous feedback correction of both polarization and phase, extending the boundaries of traditional scalar optics. By correcting for commonplace vectorial aberration sources, V-AO improves the vector field state and focal quality of optical systems.
