Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Hamzah Magsood, R. L. Hadimani
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique used for diagnosis and treatment of neurological conditions, but the lack of realistic physical models has hindered the development of new protocols. A research team has developed an accurate brain and head phantom for testing TMS effects, created through segmentation of MRI images and filling with conductive polymer, with SEM images and voltage measurements confirming its anatomical accuracy.
MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING C-MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert L. Folmer
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been studied for 20 years as a potential treatment for chronic tinnitus. Many studies have shown that repetitive TMS (rTMS) can effectively reduce the severity of tinnitus and its associated conditions. However, there is a debate about the effectiveness of rTMS compared to sham rTMS. There are several unresolved issues in this field that need to be addressed.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Arianna Menardi, Simone Rossi, Giacomo Koch, Harald Hampel, Andrea Vergallo, Michael A. Nitsche, Yaakov Stern, Barbara Borroni, Stefano F. Cappa, Maria Cotelli, Giulio Ruffini, Georges El-Fakhri, Paolo M. Rossini, Brad Dickerson, Andrea Antal, Claudio Babiloni, Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, Bruno Dubois, Gustavo Deco, Ulf Ziemann, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Emiliano Santarnecchi
Summary: Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have potential applications in the study of Alzheimer's Disease, including early diagnosis, disease tracking, and therapy. However, current approaches have limitations. This study reviews and discusses experimental applications that aim to improve the efficacy of future noninvasive brain stimulation techniques.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Majid Memarian Sorkhabi, Timothy Denison
Summary: This study introduces a programmable TMS device with advanced stimulus shaping, which allows for real, sham, and multi-locus stimulation without physically moving the coil. The proposed system supports electronic control of the stimulation spot, resulting in tunable modulation of targets.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Jin Magara, Wakana Onuki, Reiko Ita, Takanori Tsujimura, Makoto Inoue
Summary: The study found that chewing movements suppress swallowing-related activity in the pharyngeal motor circuit.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jaakko O. Nieminen, Alexey S. Pospelov, Lari M. Koponen, Pauliina Yrjola, Anastasia Shulga, Stanislav Khirug, Claudio Rivera
Summary: This study developed an experimental set-up for transcranial magnetic stimulation on rodents, overcoming technical difficulties caused by their small head size. The upside-down placement allowed easy navigation of the stimulation, and consistent motor evoked potentials were obtained.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Martin Tik, Maria Vasileiadi, Michael Woletz, David Linhardt, Anna-Lisa Schuler, Nolan Williams, Christian Windischberger
Summary: This study aims to establish the dose-response relationship of DLPFC stimulation through concurrent TMS/fMRI. The study found qualitative inter-subject variability in the dose-response relationship to TMS over left DLPFC, suggesting that the motor threshold may not be directly transferable to the excitability of the DLPFC. Therefore, concurrent TMS/fMRI may have the potential to improve response rates to TMS applications.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Adam Harris, John Reece
Summary: This meta-analysis found an overall effect size of d = 1.17, 95% CI [0.89-1.45] for TMS as a treatment for PTSD. Analysis of moderators showed that high frequency TMS (d = 1.44) had a significantly larger treatment effect compared to low frequency TMS (d = 0.72), but there was no significant difference between TMS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the right DLPFC, and larger treatment doses were not associated with stronger treatment effects.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Mario Ibrahin Gutierrez, Irais Poblete-Naredo, Jorge Airy Mercado-Gutierrez, Cinthya Lourdes Toledo-Peral, Jimena Quinzanos-Fresnedo, Oscar Yanez-Suarez, Josefina Gutierrez-Martinez
Summary: This systematic literature review (SLR) presents and analyzes the evolution of various components of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) technology, assessing the limitations to overcome. Through the analysis of 101 articles, it was found that there have been advancements in new stimulator designs, coil improvements, coil placement systems, and coil optimization algorithms. However, more emphasis should be placed on optimizing current technology and experimental validation of models.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Alexander F. Haddad, Jacob S. Young, Mitchel S. Berger, Phiroz E. Tarapore
Summary: Preoperative mapping of cortical structures can provide neurosurgeons with a roadmap of the brain, allowing for improved operative planning, patient risk stratification, and personalized counseling. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is a highly accurate and non-invasive modality that can differentiate between eloquent and non-eloquent cortical regions, with motor mapping being the best validated application. Language mapping is also common, but not as concordant with intraoperative mapping as motor mapping. Additionally, nTMS has been used for localizing cortical regions involved in various functions beyond motor and language processing.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giacomo Koch, Elias Paolo Casula, Sonia Bonni, Ilaria Borghi, Martina Assogna, Marilena Minei, Maria Concetta Pellicciari, Caterina Motta, Alessia D'Acunto, Francesco Porrazzini, Michele Maiella, Clarissa Ferrari, Carlo Caltagirone, Emiliano Santarnecchi, Marco Bozzali, Alessandro Martorana
Summary: In a 24-week trial, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the precuneus was found to slow down cognitive and functional decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that targeting the default mode network could be a novel therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Mohammad Daneshzand, Sergey N. Makarov, Lucia I. Navarro de Lara, Bastien Guerin, Jennifer McNab, Bruce R. Rosen, Matti S. Hamalainen, Tommi Raij, Aapo Nummenmaa
Summary: The study developed an approximation method based on MSP for accurate approximation of TMS-induced E-fields using high-resolution head models, with fast speed and high numerical accuracy, suitable for real-time navigation.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Po-Yu Fong, Danny Spampinato, Kevin Michell, Marco Mancuso, Katlyn Brown, Jaime Ibanez, Alessandro Di Santo, Anna Latorre, Kailash Bhatia, John C. Rothwell, Lorenzo Rocchi
Summary: This commentary article compares the differences between their recently published paper on cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induced electroencephalographic responses and Gassmann et al.'s previous work on the same topic. The authors agree that the differences mainly stem from the use of different magnetic stimulation coils but raise two unanswered questions: (1) which method is most likely to achieve optimal activation of cerebellar output, and (2) to what extent are the evoked cerebellar responses contaminated by concomitant sensory input? They emphasize the importance of careful experimental design and combining electrophysiological and behavioral data for obtaining reliable TMS-EEG data.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Maria Redondo-Camos, Gabriele Cattaneo, Ruben Perellon-Alfonso, Vanessa Alviarez-Schulze, Timothy P. Morris, Javier Solana-Sanchez, Goretti Espana-Irla, Selma Delgado-Gallen, Catherine Pachon-Garcia, Sergiu Albu, Henrik Zetterberg, Josep M. Tormos, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, David Bartres-Faz
Summary: This study investigates the associations between cognitive measures and TMS evoked EEG reactivity in middle-aged adults, and explores whether these associations are related to neuroaxonal damage indexed by NfL levels. The results demonstrate that local reactivity after left prefrontal cortex stimulation is significantly associated with working memory and reasoning. These specific associations are independent of NfL levels and remain after adjusting for age, sex, and education.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ivan C. Carmona, Oluwaponmile F. Afuwape, David C. Jiles, Ravi L. Hadimani
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an established technique for treating neurological conditions and psychiatric disorders by regulating synaptic activity in neurons through the application of magnetic fields. Existing definitions of E-field focality in TMS lack homogeneity and standardized criteria. This study introduces a generalized function and methodology for quantifying focality in TMS coils, offering a uniform framework for comparison between coils.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Martina Assogna, Caterina Motta, Sonia Bonni, Ilaria Borghi, Elias Paolo Casula, Alessandro Martorana, Giacomo Koch
Summary: This study found that APOE4 may have a positive effect on cognitive decline and preserved LTP-like cortical plasticity in Alzheimer's disease patients. These findings are important for understanding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and identifying new treatment approaches.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Elias Paolo Casula, Gaetano Tieri, Lorenzo Rocchi, Rachele Pezzetta, Michele Maiella, Enea Francesco Pavone, Salvatore Maria Aglioti, Giacomo Koch
Summary: Immersive virtual reality can lead to a strong feeling of embodiment over artificial body parts, but the neural mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not yet fully understood. By tracking real-time brain dynamics, researchers found that observing virtual body parts is associated with a rapid decrease in cortical activity in the hand region of the primary motor cortex, as well as rapid changes in activity within a fronto-parietal circuit. These findings suggest that changes in bodily representations are supported by dynamic interactions within a highly plastic network.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elias P. Casula, Maria C. Pellicciari, Sonia Bonni, Ilaria Borghi, Michele Maiella, Martina Assogna, Marilena Minei, Caterina Motta, Alessia D'Acunto, Francesco Porrazzini, Valentina Pezzopane, Lucia Mencarelli, Andrea Roncaioli, Lorenzo Rocchi, Danny A. Spampinato, Carlo Caltagirone, Emiliano Santarnecchi, Alessandro Martorana, Giacomo Koch
Summary: This study investigates the oscillatory activity in Alzheimer's disease patients using a novel method combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography. The results show a significant reduction of frontal gamma activity in Alzheimer's disease patients, which is associated with impaired cortical plasticity and cognitive decline.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lucia Mencarelli, Lucia Monti, Sara Romanella, Francesco Neri, Giacomo Koch, Ricardo Salvador, Giulio Ruffini, Giulia Sprugnoli, Simone Rossi, Emiliano Santarnecchi
Summary: This study found that stimulating the left and right DLPFC with 40 Hz tACS can increase blood oxygenation level-dependent activity in the targeted DLPFCs and surrounding areas according to biophysical modeling. However, off-target effects on visual cortices, SMA, left subgenual cingulate, and right superior temporal gyrus were also observed.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elias P. Casula, Ilaria Borghi, Michele Maiella, Maria C. Pellicciari, Sonia Bonni, Lucia Mencarelli, Martina Assogna, Alessia D'Acunto, Francesco Di Lorenzo, Danny A. Spampinato, Emiliano Santarnecchi, Alessandro Martorana, Giacomo Koch
Summary: A combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) was used to study cortical excitability in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results showed regional cortical hyperexcitability in the precuneus and frontal lobe, which were associated with cognitive impairment and levels of Aβ(42). The combination of TMS and EEG could serve as a promising technique to measure hyperexcitability in AD patients.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giacomo Koch, Elias Paolo Casula, Sonia Bonni, Ilaria Borghi, Martina Assogna, Marilena Minei, Maria Concetta Pellicciari, Caterina Motta, Alessia D'Acunto, Francesco Porrazzini, Michele Maiella, Clarissa Ferrari, Carlo Caltagirone, Emiliano Santarnecchi, Marco Bozzali, Alessandro Martorana
Summary: In a 24-week trial, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the precuneus was found to slow down cognitive and functional decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that targeting the default mode network could be a novel therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alessandro Castelli, Fabio Placidi, Chiara Giuseppina Bonomi, Francesca Di Giuliano, Alessandro Martorana, Giulia Pizzicannella, Claudio Liguori, Natalia Manfredi, Luisa Mari, Andrea Pagano, Valentina Bramato, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Francesca Izzi
Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of EEG, MRI, and cerebrospinal fluid features in the diagnostic criteria of CJD. The results showed that periodic sharp wave complexes may identify a distinctive phenotype of CJD characterized by a faster disease progression, shorter survival time, and specific MRI and cerebrospinal fluid features.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Assogna, Francesco Di Lorenzo, Alessandro Martorana, Giacomo Koch
Summary: Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and modulating synaptic transmission with palmitoylethanolamide and its composite may have potential therapeutic effects.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fabrizio Sallustio, Alfredo Paolo Mascolo, Federico Marrama, Federica D'Agostino, Marco Proietti, Laura Greco, Francesca Di Giuliano, Fana Alemseged, Roberto Gandini, Alessandro Martorana, Marina Diomedi, Giacomo Koch
Summary: Temporal lobe atrophy can predict 3-month functional outcome in patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT).
ACTA NEUROLOGICA BELGICA
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Giacomo Koch, Alessandro Martorana
Article
Clinical Neurology
Caterina Motta, Martina Assogna, Chiara Giuseppina Bonomi, Francesco Di Lorenzo, Marzia Nuccetelli, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Giacomo Koch, Alessandro Martorana
Summary: The levels of catecholaminergic enzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were analyzed. It was found that AD patients had lower levels of dopamine/norepinephrine (DA/NA) innervation markers, but increased levels of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D beta H). These findings indicate a close association between catecholaminergic enzymes and the neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory processes in AD pathology.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chiara Giuseppina Bonomi, Agostino Chiaravalloti, Riccardo Camedda, Francesco Ricci, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Orazio Schillaci, Giacomo Koch, Alessandro Martorana, Caterina Motta
Summary: The study investigates the association between markers of microglial and astrocytic activity and glucose uptake in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. The results suggest that there is a correlation between markers of astrogliosis and cortical glucose uptake in symptomatic sporadic AD, indicating the role of astrocytes in shaping regional hypometabolism and clinical presentation.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matilde Bruno, Chiara Giuseppina Bonomi, Francesco Ricci, Martina Gaia Di Donna, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Giacomo Koch, Alessandro Martorana, Caterina Motta
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between BBB permeability and neuroinflammation in AD patients. The findings suggest that different neuroinflammatory profiles can be associated with different levels of BBB permeability in AD.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Song Xue, Feng Kong, Yiying Song, Jia Liu
Summary: This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the relationship between individual's spontaneous neural activity and social interaction anxiety in a nonclinical population. The results showed that social interaction anxiety was correlated with the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in several brain regions, and that emotional intelligence partially mediated this relationship. This study provides evidence for the neural basis of social interaction anxiety in the normal population and highlights the role of emotional intelligence in this anxiety.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Katsuyuki Yamaguchi, Takuya Yazawa
Summary: This study provides morphometric data on the development of the human medullary arcuate nucleus (AN) by examining the brains of preterm and perinatal infants. The results show that AN morphology demonstrates asymmetry and individual variability during the fetal period. The volume and neuronal number of AN increase exponentially with age, while neuronal density decreases exponentially. The AN may undergo neuron death and neuroblasts production after mid-gestation.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Zhan Zhou, Weixin Dai, Tianxiao Liu, Min Shi, Yi Wei, Lifei Chen, Yubo Xie
Summary: Studies have shown that propofol-induced neurotoxicity is caused by disruption of mitochondrial fission and fusion, leading to an energy supply imbalance for developing neurons. Healthy mitochondria released by astrocytes can migrate to compromised neurons to mitigate propofol-induced neurotoxicity, but the exact mechanisms involved still need further clarification.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
An Chen, Song Hao, Yongpeng Han, Yang Fang, Yibei Miao
Summary: This study explores the efficacy of two forms of BCI attention training games and finds that physical games may be more effective than video games. The research also offers valuable insights for future game design from a neuroscience perspective.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Lina Liu, Luran Liu, Yunting Lu, Tianyuan Zhang, Wenting Zhao
Summary: This study reveals that GDI1 serves as a potential diagnostic biomarker for AD and inhibition of GDI1 can attenuate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. The findings offer new insights for the treatment of AD.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Zahra Gholami, Ava Soltani Hekmat, Ali Abbasi, Kazem Javanmardi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of alamandine on allodynia in a rat model and found the presence of MrgD receptors in the vlPAG and RVM regions. Microinjection of alamandine resulted in a significant increase in paw withdrawal threshold and could be blocked by an MrgD receptor antagonist. Upregulation of MrgD receptor expression following allodynia induction suggests a potential compensatory mechanism in response to pain.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Mingliang Xu, Lei Xia, Junjie Li, Yehong Du, Zhifang Dong
Summary: This study found that DHF effectively alleviates sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in developing mice by restoring the balance between tau O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation. Therefore, DHF has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for treating cognitive impairment associated with anesthetics, such as sevoflurane.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Tsubasa Mitsutake, Hisato Nakazono, Takanori Taniguchi, Hisayoshi Yoshizuka, Maiko Sakamoto
Summary: The posterior parietal cortex plays a crucial role in postural stability, and transcranial electrical stimulation of this region can modulate physical control responses. This study found that cathodal stimulation significantly decreased joint angular velocity in multiple directions, while there were no significant differences with transcranial random noise stimulation.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Xishuai Yang, Wei Zhang, Xueli Chang, Zuopeng Li, Runquan Du, Junhong Guo
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose rituximab (RTX) in patients with muscle-specific kinase antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MuSK-MG). The results showed that low-dose RTX treatment led to significant improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life for patients with MuSK-MG.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Jian Zhang, Shunyuan Guo, Rong Tao, Fan Wang, Yihong Xie, Huizi Wang, Lan Ding, Yuejian Shen, Xiaoli Zhou, Junli Feng, Qing Shen
Summary: This study established an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model of zebrafish induced by AlCl3 and found that marine-derived plasmalogens (Pls) could alleviate cognitive impairments of AD zebrafish by reversing athletic impairment and altering the expression levels of genes related to oxidative stress, ferroptosis, synaptic dysfunction, and apoptosis.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Lu Li, Jiaqi Ren, Qi Fang, Liqiang Yu, Jintao Wang
Summary: ICU-AW is a common and severe neuromuscular complication in critically ill patients. Electrophysiological examination is essential for accurate diagnosis and early prediction of the disease. This study aimed to establish and validate an ICU-AW predictive model in SIRS patients, providing a practical tool for early clinical prediction.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Ahmad Alipour, Roghayeh Mohammadi
Summary: The present study aimed to investigate the separate and combined effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) regions on pain relief in patients with type-2 diabetes suffering from neuropathic pain (NP). The results showed that tDCS had the potential to induce pain relief in patients with type-2 diabetes suffering from NP. The mean perceived pain intensity in the posttest was lower in the M1 stimulation group than in the F3 stimulation group. However, more trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to define clinically relevant effects.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Eduardo J. Fusse, Franciele F. Scarante, Maria A. Vicente, Mariana M. Marrubia, Flavia Turcato, Davi S. Scomparin, Melissa A. Ribeiro, Maria J. Figueiredo, Tamires A. V. Brigante, Francisco S. Guimaraes, Alline C. Campos
Summary: Repeated exposure to psychosocial stress alters the endocannabinoid system and affects brain regions associated with emotional distress. Enhancing the effects of endocannabinoids through pharmacological inhibition induces an anti-stress behavioral effect, possibly mediated by the mTOR signaling pathway.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Giulia Agostoni, Luca Bischetti, Federica Repaci, Margherita Bechi, Marco Spangaro, Irene Ceccato, Elena Cavallini, Luca Fiorentino, Francesca Martini, Jacopo Sapienza, Mariachiara Buonocore, Michele Francesco D'Incalci, Federica Cocchi, Carmelo Guglielmino, Roberto Cavallaro, Marta Bosia, Valentina Bambini
Summary: This study found a general impairment in humor comprehension in individuals with schizophrenia, with mental jokes being more difficult for both patients and controls. Humor comprehension was closely associated with the patients' overall pragmatic and linguistic profile, while the association with Theory of Mind (ToM) was minimal. Another notable finding was the increased appreciation of humor in individuals with schizophrenia, who rated jokes as funnier than controls did, regardless of whether they were correctly or incorrectly completed. The funniness ratings were not predicted by any measure, suggesting a dimension of humor untied to cognition or psychopathology.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiuping Gong, Qi Li, Yang Liu
Summary: This study demonstrates that Sev targets CREBBP to inhibit ALG13 transcription, leading to hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)