Article
Neurosciences
Eleni Patelaki, John J. Foxe, Emma P. Mantel, George Kassis, Edward G. Freedman
Summary: Combining walking with a cognitive task can improve performance in younger and older adults, with the former benefiting cognitively while the latter experiencing motor decline. EEG activity and behavioral responses during walking were correlated with increased response accuracy, while slower walking speeds and changes in EEG activity were associated with aging.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Diego Orcioli-Silva, Rodrigo Vitorio, Victor Spiandor Beretta, Nubia Ribeiro da Conceicao, Priscila Nobrega-Sousa, Anderson Souza Oliveira, Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
Summary: This study investigated the impact of PD motor subtypes on cortical activity during walking and obstacle avoidance. PIGD patients were found to require additional cognitive resources from the PFC for walking, while both TD and PIGD patients showed changes in brain activation related to motor/sensorimotor areas.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Rodrigo Vitorio, Ellen Lirani-Silva, Diego Orcioli-Silva, Victor Spiandor Beretta, Anderson Souza Oliveira, Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
Summary: This study investigated whether people with Parkinson's disease (PD) show distinct brain activity during regular walking and obstacle avoidance compared to healthy individuals. The results showed that during regular walking, PD patients had higher alpha/beta ratio in the left sensorimotor cortex. When approaching obstacles, both groups decreased alpha and beta power in the premotor and right sensorimotor cortices, and increased gamma power in the primary visual cortex. Only PD patients decreased alpha power and alpha/beta ratio in the left sensorimotor cortex. These findings suggest that PD affects cortical control of walking and changes electrocortical dynamics during obstacle avoidance.
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Shannon B. Lim, Dennis R. Louie, Sue Peters, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Lara A. Boyd, Janice J. Eng
Summary: Investigations into real-time brain activations during walking post-stroke have shown differences in brain activation compared to healthy individuals, with different components of gait leading to different brain activations. Asymmetrical activations during gait were closely related to performance asymmetry, while hyperactivations often decreased with walking interventions and improved walking performance.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Maxim Shapiro, Samuel Shaki, Uri Gottlieb, Shmuel Springer
Summary: Age affects cognitive flexibility and cognitive embodiment during walking. Older adults show less flexibility in generating random numbers and have a negative correlation between cognitive flexibility and stride time variability. Spatial orientation score is positively correlated with RNG flexibility in older adults, indicating that better visuospatial orientation is associated with lower cognitive flexibility.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Arthur H. Dewolf, Guillaume M. Meurisse, Yury Ivanenko, Francesco Lacquaniti, Guillaume J. Bastien, Benedicte Schepens
Summary: Two different modes of step-to-step transition have been observed in older adults, with the impact on gait kinetics and kinematics not yet investigated. It was found that age and transition mode have differences in intersegmental coordination and COM trajectory during walking. The timing of COM redirection is linked to kinematic and mechanic changes in gait and may be used as a quantitative assessment of age-related decline.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Runting Zhong, Tian Gao
Summary: This study explored the impact of walking state, self-reported daily walking amount, and age on gait quality among older adults using a smartphone application. The results showed that gait quality was better during fast walking compared to normal walking, and simulated visually impaired walking had no significant effect on gait quality. Older individuals had a decline in gait quality compared to relatively younger older adults, and older adults who walked more than 1 km a day had better gait quality.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Daniel Possti, Firas Fahoum, Ronen Sosnik, Nir Giladi, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff, Anat Mirelman, Inbal Maidan
Summary: This study investigated changes in spectral analysis during dual-task walking in different age and disease groups. Results showed alterations in brain power within different frequency bands during dual-task walking, reflecting deficits in readiness and attention allocation that may contribute to dual-task performance deficits.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Natalie Ganz, Eran Gazit, Nir Giladi, Robert J. Dawe, Anat Mirelman, Aron S. Buchman, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
Summary: Novel tandem walking (TW) metrics were developed and validated, showing significant associations with mobility disability, gait, and postural control measures in older adults. The TW frequency composite factor independently correlated with mobility disability, suggesting a potential for better risk stratification for adverse outcomes in this population.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
I Hoang, L. Paire-Ficout, R. Derollepot, S. Perrey, H. Devos, M. Ranchet
Summary: Executive functions are crucial for successful walking tasks, especially when performing dual tasks. Previous studies have focused on the prefrontal cortex activity in older adults under different walking conditions, but little is known about the changes in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity during the early stages of aging. This study aimed to compare the changes in DLPFC activity during simple and dual task walking across three age groups. The results revealed that older adults exhibited increased DLPFC activity in the right hemisphere during simple task walking, but they seemed to have enough cognitive resources to maintain performance during dual task walking. These findings suggest the presence of compensation mechanisms in early aging, which may have implications for fall risk assessment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Pallavi Sood, Sudeshna A. Chatterjee, Jared W. Skinner, Paige E. Lysne, Chanoan Sumonthee, Samuel S. Wu, Ronald A. Cohen, Dorian K. Rose, Adam J. Woods, David J. Clark
Summary: The study found that poorer somatosensation in the feet of older adults is associated with greater activation of the prefrontal cortex during walking. Poorer somatosensation is also linked to slower walking speed, poorer performance in obstacle negotiation, and lower balance scores.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Charlotte Hennah, Michail Doumas
Summary: Age-related changes in dual-task walking were investigated in relation to gait characteristics and cognitive resource allocation on real-world surfaces. Both young and older adults showed slower cognition and walking speed when dual-task walking. Older adults had wider steps overall, while young adults widened their step width on grass during dual-task walking. Young adults also had increased step height on grass during dual-task walking, while older adults did not.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Natalia Pawlaczyk, Magdalena Szmytke, Michal Meina, Monika Lewandowska, Justyna Stepniak, Bibianna Balaj, Joanna Dreszer
Summary: This study aimed to differentiate older from younger individuals by recording gait parameters, identifying gait style change and task-related step counts as the most accurate indicators.
Article
Neurosciences
Sidney T. Baudendistel, Abigail C. Schmitt, Amanda E. Stone, Tiphanie E. Raffegeau, Jaimie A. Roper, Chris J. Hass
Summary: This study examines how preferred walking performance and measures of strength and mobility relate to the approach older adults at risk for mobility disability use to maintain fast walking speeds. It was found that factors influencing the changes in step length and step time during fast walking mainly come from walking performance and strength/mobility.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Catherine O'Brien, Roee Holtzer
Summary: This study examined the role of cognitive reserve in predicting mobility impairments among older adults. The findings showed significant interaction effects of cognitive reserve with walking velocity, where slower gait predicted increased risk of incident mobility impairment among individuals with lower cognitive reserve. This highlights the critical role of cognitive reserve in identifying older adults at risk of developing mobility impairments.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Taihiko Yamaguchi, Saki Mikami, Masana Maeda, Taishi Saito, Toshinori Nakajima, Wataru Yachida, Akihito Gotouda
Summary: This article reviews the current state of portable/wearable EMG devices for assessment of bruxism. The results show that ultra-miniaturized wearable EMG devices with performance equivalent to conventional devices have been developed and used during sleep and in the daytime, with a high level of diagnostic accuracy for sleep bruxism. However, a definite cut-off value for awake bruxism has not been established.
CRANIO-THE JOURNAL OF CRANIOMANDIBULAR & SLEEP PRACTICE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jens Nielsen
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Eugeni Belda, Lise Voland, Valentina Tremaroli, Gwen Falony, Solia Adriouch, Karen E. Assmann, Edi Prifiti, Judith Aron-Wisnewsky, Jean Debedat, Tiphaine Le Roy, Trine Nielsen, Chloe Amouyal, Sebastien Andre, Fabrizio Andreelli, Matthias Blueher, Rima Chakaroun, Julien Chilloux, Luis Pedro Coelho, Maria Carlota Dao, Promi Das, Soraya Fellahi, Sofia Forslund, Nathalie Galleron, Tue H. Hansen, Bridget Holmes, Boyang Ji, Helle Krogh Pedersen, Phuong Le, Emmanuelle Le Chatelier, Christian Lewinter, Louise Manneras-Holm, Florian Marquet, Antonis Myridakis, Veronique Pelloux, Nicolas Pons, Benoit Quinquis, Christine Rouault, Hugo Roume, Joe-Elie Salem, Nataliya Sokolovska, Nadja B. Sondertoft, Sothea Touch, Sara Vieira-Silva, Pilar Galan, Jens Holst, Jens Peter Gotze, Lars Kober, Henrik Vestergaard, Torben Hansen, Serge Hercberg, Jean-Michel Oppert, Jens Nielsen, Ivica Letunic, Marc-Emmanuel Dumas, Michael Stumvoll, Oluf Borbye Pedersen, Peer Bork, Stanislav Dusko Ehrlich, Jean-Daniel Zucker, Fredrik Baeckhed, Jeroen Raes, Karine Clement
Summary: This study investigated the functional composition of the gut microbiome in healthy individuals, as well as those with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes. The results revealed a deficiency in bacterial biotin producers and transporters in severe obesity, which was associated with metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes. However, strategies involving biotin and prebiotic supplementation, as well as bariatric surgery, were found to improve the gut microbiome diversity and increase bacterial biotin production, leading to better metabolic outcomes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yu Chen, Jens Nielsen
Summary: The resource costs for protein synthesis, specifically the biosynthesis of amino acids, have a strong influence on the relative abundances of amino acids in the proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The research shows that S. cerevisiae tends to minimize protein resource, rather than glucose or energy, for synthesizing amino acids.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Feiran Li, Le Yuan, Hongzhong Lu, Gang Li, Yu Chen, Martin K. M. Engqvist, Eduard J. Kerkhoven, Jens Nielsen
Summary: The turnover numbers (k(cat)) of enzymes are crucial for understanding cellular metabolism and physiological diversity. In this study, a deep learning approach (DLKcat) was developed to predict k(cat) values for metabolic enzymes using only substrate structures and protein sequences. The predicted k(cat) values showed good performance in a genome-scale analysis of more than 300 yeast species, and were able to explain phenotypic differences.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abraham S. Meijnikman, Dimitra Lappa, Hilde Herrema, Omrum Aydin, Kimberly A. Krautkramer, Valentina Tremaroli, Louise E. Olofsson, Annika Lundqvist, Sjoerd Bruin, Yair Acherman, Joanne Verheij, Siv Hjorth, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Thue W. Schwartz, Albert K. Groen, Fredrik Backhed, Jens Nielsen, Max Nieuwdorp
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, with increased risk of mortality driven by extrahepatic cancers and liver and cardiovascular disease. Women with NAFLD have a higher risk of disease progression and worse outcome. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of NAFLD in women is critical. This study used a systems biology approach to analyze different organs and revealed differences in metabolites, gene expression, and gut microbial features between patients with and without NAFLD. These findings provide novel strategies for studying the pathophysiology of NAFLD in humans.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Feiran Li, Yu Chen, Mihail Anton, Jens Nielsen
Summary: Enzyme parameters are crucial for understanding, modeling, and engineering cells. Experimental measurements only cover a small portion of enzyme-compound pairs, and even less in non-model organisms. Artificial intelligence techniques have accelerated the exploration of enzyme properties by predicting them in a high-throughput manner. GotEnzymes is a comprehensive database that provides predicted enzyme parameters using AI approaches, allowing for interactive web exploration and programmatic access.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fariba Roshanzamir, Jonathan L. Robinson, Daniel Cook, Mohammad Hossein Karimi-Jafari, Jens Nielsen
Summary: This study utilized transcriptomic data and metabolic network analyses to investigate the adaptation of metastatic tumors to the local metabolic environment. The findings suggest that metastatic tumors adopt a metabolic signature similar to their destination's primary tumors, but the extent of adaptation varies across different organs. Metastatic tumors also retain metabolic signatures associated with TNBC.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Le Yuan, Hongzhong Lu, Feiran Li, Jens Nielsen, Eduard J. Kerkhoven
Summary: In this study, a computational toolbox called HGTphyloDetect was developed, which combines high-throughput analysis with phylogenetic inference to accurately identify horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events and illustrate the transmission pathway among evolutionarily distant or closely related species. The HGTphyloDetect toolbox is user-friendly, capable of detecting HGT events with high efficiency and low false discovery rate.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paul Lang, Svend S. Geertsen, Alex L. Lublin, Michelle C. Potter, Tatiana Gladysheva, Jill S. Gregory, Pascal Rufi
Summary: This study found that teriflunomide has inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, with an EC50 of 15.22 mu M and no cytotoxicity to cells. The results support the broad antiviral effect of teriflunomide.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Malene Norup, August Lomholt Nielsen, Jonas Rud Bjorndal, Patrick Wiegel, Meaghan Elizabeth Spedden, Jesper Lundbye-Jensen
Summary: In this study, the effects of motor practice on motor performance, accuracy and variability in preadolescent children were investigated. The study also examined changes in corticomuscular coherence following motor practice. Participants performed wrist flexions with specific movement endpoints or force levels. Results showed that position control practice led to greater improvements in movement accuracy compared to force control practice or resting control. There were no significant changes in force task performance or corticomuscular coherence. These findings suggest that preadolescent children improve position control following dynamic accuracy motor practice, but not force control.
HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Peter C. Raffalt, Jennifer M. Yentes, Meaghan E. Spedden
Summary: The study examines the dynamics of motor control in different age groups during isometric contractions, and finds that the relationship between muscle force and neural signals changes with age.
HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ivana Bardino Novosel, Anina Ritterband-Rosenbaum, Georgios Zampoukis, Jens Bo Nielsen, Jakob Lorentzen
Summary: This study developed and trained an image-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to recognize specific movement classifiers relevant to individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Monitoring and quantifying movement behavior in CP patients using multiple wearable sensors and CNN is of great value for improving their health outcomes.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Morteza Aghaee, Arun Akkala, Zulfi Alam, Rizwan Ali, Alejandro Alcaraz Ramirez, Mariusz Andrzejczuk, Andrey E. Antipov, Pavel Aseev, Mikhail Astafev, Bela Bauer, Jonathan Becker, Srini Boddapati, Frenk Boekhout, Jouri Bommer, Tom Bosma, Leo Bourdet, Samuel Boutin, Philippe Caroff, Lucas Casparis, Maja Cassidy, Sohail Chatoor, Anna Wulf Christensen, Noah Clay, William S. Cole, Fabiano Corsetti, Ajuan Cui, Paschalis Dalampiras, Anand Dokania, Gijs de Lange, Michiel de Moor, Juan Carlos Estrada Saldana, Saeed Fallahi, Zahra Heidarnia Fathabad, John Gamble, Geoff Gardner, Deshan Govender, Flavio Griggio, Ruben Grigoryan, Sergei Gronin, Jan Gukelberger, Esben Bork Hansen, Sebastian Heedt, Jesus Herranz Zamorano, Samantha Ho, Ulrik Laurens Holgaard, Henrik Ingerslev, Linda Johansson, Jeffrey Jones, Ray Kallaher, Farhad Karimi, Torsten Karzig, Cameron King, Maren Elisabeth Kloster, Christina Knapp, Dariusz Kocon, Jonne Koski, Pasi Kostamo, Peter Krogstrup, Mahesh Kumar, Tom Laeven, Thorvald Larsen, Kongyi Li, Tyler Lindemann, Julie Love, Roman Lutchyn, Morten Hannibal Madsen, Michael Manfra, Signe Markussen, Esteban Martinez, Robert McNeil, Elvedin Memisevic, Trevor Morgan, Andrew Mullally, Chetan Nayak, Jens Nielsen, William Hvidtfelt Padkaer Nielsen, Bas Nijholt, Anne Nurmohamed, Eoin OFarrell, Keita Otani, Sebastian Pauka, Karl Petersson, Luca Petit, Dmitry I. Pikulin, Frank Preiss, Marina Quintero-Perez, Mohana Rajpalke, Katrine Rasmussen, Davydas Razmadze, Outi Reentila, David Reilly, Richard Rouse, Ivan Sadovskyy, Lauri Sainiemi, Sydney Schreppler, Vadim Sidorkin, Amrita Singh, Shilpi Singh, Sarat Sinha, Patrick Sohr, Tomas Stankevic, Lieuwe Stek, Henri Suominen, Judith Suter, Vicky Svidenko, Sam Teicher, Mine Temuerhan, Nivetha Thiyagarajah, Raj Tholapi, Mason Thomas, Emily Toomey, Shivendra Upadhyay, Ivan Urban, Saulius Vaitiekenas, Kevin Van Hoogdalem, David Van Woerkom, Dmitrii V. Viazmitinov, Dominik Vogel, Steven Waddy, John Watson, Joseph Weston, Georg W. Winkler, Chung Kai Yang, Sean Yau, Daniel Yi, Emrah Yucelen, Alex Webster, Ruichen Zhao
Summary: In this study, measurements and simulations of semiconductor-superconductor heterostructure devices were conducted to observe topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes. The devices were optimized to ensure robustness against nonuniformity and disorder. Experimental results indicate the presence of a topological superconducting phase, which is a prerequisite for experiments involving Majorana zero modes fusion and braiding.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sarah N. Kraeutner, Cristina Rubino, Jennifer K. Ferris, Shie Rinat, Lauren Penko, Larissa Chiu, Brian Greeley, Christina B. Jones, Beverley C. Larssen, Lara A. Boyd
Summary: This study examined the age-related changes in brain function and baseline brain structure that support motor skill acquisition. The findings showed that older adults experienced decreases in functional connectivity during motor skill acquisition, while younger adults experienced increases. Additionally, regardless of age group, lower baseline microstructure in a frontoparietal tract was associated with slower motor skill acquisition.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Karen Nuytemans, Farid Rajabli, Melissa Jean-Francois, Jiji Thulaseedhara Kurup, Larry D. Adams, Takiyah D. Starks, Patrice L. Whitehead, Brian W. Kunkle, Allison Caban-Holt, Jonathan L. Haines, Michael L. Cuccaro, Jeffery M. Vance, Goldie S. Byrd, Gary W. Beecham, Christiane Reitz, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
Summary: This study conducted genetic research on African American AD families and identified a significant linkage signal associated with AD, highlighting the importance of diverse population-level genetic data in understanding the genetic determinants of AD.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kazuya Suwabe, Ryuta Kuwamizu, Kazuki Hyodo, Toru Yoshikawa, Takeshi Otsuki, Asako Zempo-Miyaki, Michael A. Yassa, Hideaki Soya
Summary: Physical exercise has a positive impact on hippocampal memory decline with aging. Recent studies have shown that even light exercise can improve memory and this improvement is mediated by the ascending arousal system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of light-intensity exercise on hippocampal memory function in healthy older adults and found that pupil dilation during exercise played a role in the memory improvement.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ajay Sood, Ana Werneck Capuano, Robert Smith Wilson, Lisa Laverne Barnes, Alifiya Kapasi, David Alan Bennett, Zoe Arvanitakis
Summary: The objective of this study was to explore the impact of metformin on cognition and brain pathology. The results showed that metformin users had slower decline in global cognition, episodic memory, and semantic memory compared to non-users. However, the relationship between metformin use and certain brain pathology remains uncertain.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Brian N. Lee, Junwen Wang, Molly A. Hall, Dokyoon Kim, Shana D. Stites, Li Shen
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory and functional impairments. This study analyzed participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and found differential associations between cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)/neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive/functional outcomes, as well as variations between sexes. These findings suggest that sex differences may play a role in the development of AD.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Madeline R. Hale, Rebecca Langhough, Lianlian Du, Bruce P. Hermann, Carol A. Van Hulle, Margherita Carboni, Gwendlyn Kollmorgenj, Kristin E. Basche, Davide Bruno, Leah Sanson-Miles, Erin M. Jonaitis, Nathaniel A. Chin, Ozioma C. Okonkwo, Barbara B. Bendlin, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Tobey J. Betthauser, Sterling C. Johnson, Kimberly D. Mueller
Summary: This study demonstrates a relationship between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and the ability to recall proper names in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Thomas T. Austin, Christian L. Thomas, Ben Warren
Summary: This study investigated the effects of age on the robustness and resilience of auditory system using the desert locust. The researchers found that gene expression changes were mainly influenced by age rather than noise exposure. Both young and aged locusts were able to recover their auditory nerve function within 48 hours of noise exposure, but the recovery of transduction current magnitude was impaired in aged locusts. Key genes responsible for robustness to noise exposure in young locusts and potential candidates for compensatory mechanisms in auditory neurons of aged locusts were identified.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2024)
