Finite Element Modelling of High-Pressure Torsion: An Overview

Finite element modelling (FEM) has been extensively performed to study the flow process, the distribution of hydrostatic stress and the temperature rise in materials processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT). This overview provides a summary and a critical assessment of the most important findings obtained by means of these FEM simulations which permitted a better understanding about the microstructural evolution during processing by HPT. For convenience, FEM investigations focused on examining the nature of the HPT facility, the plastic flow, the hydrostatic pressure and the temperature evolution in HPT processing were separated into different topics. It is shown the distributions of strain, temperature and hydrostatic pressure along the disc diameter depend upon different factors such as the configuration of the HPT facility and the dimensions of the processed sample.