Prospective Evaluation of PSMA-Targeted 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT in Men with Biochemical Failure After Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer

Our purpose is to provide the results of a prospective study evaluating prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted F-18-DCFPyL (2-(3-(1-carboxy-5-[(6-F-18-fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl}-ureido)pentanedioic acid) PET/CT in patients with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: Thirty-one patients with postprostatectomy serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of at least 0.2 ng/mL and negative conventional imaging results were enrolled in this study and imaged with F-18-DCFPyL PET/CT. A consensus central review identified foci of radiotracer uptake consistent with sites of PCa. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: Twenty-one patients (67.7%) had at least 1 finding on F-18-DCFPyL PET/CT consistent with a site of PCa. Imaging was positive in 59.1% of patients with a PSA level of less than 1.0 ng/mL and in 88.9% of patients with a PSA level of more than 1.0 ng/mL. The median SUVmax across all lesions was 11.6 (range, 1.5-57.6). Conclusion: In this prospective study using the prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted PET agent F-18-DCFPyL, most patients with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy had foci of suggestive uptake, even at low serum PSA levels.