Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gen Ouchi, Ichiro Komiya, Shinichiro Taira, Tamio Wakugami, Yusuke Ohya
Summary: The TG/LDL-C ratio is a reliable predictor of sd-LDL in type 2 diabetes patients, outperforming non-HDL-C.
LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mie Balling, Borge G. Nordestgaard, Anette Varbo, Anne Langsted, Pia R. Kamstrup, Shoaib Afzal
Summary: This study explored the association between high levels of small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) and the risk of ischemic stroke in a large prospective study. The findings revealed a robust relationship between elevated sdLDL cholesterol levels and increased risk of ischemic stroke.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Christina Kanonidou
Summary: Various methods exist for the analysis of LDL subfractions and the measurement of sdLDL particle characteristics, with ultracentrifugation, gradient gel electrophoresis, NMR spectroscopy, and homogeneous assay being common. While there is no gold standard, ultracentrifugation and GGE are established techniques, while NMR and homogeneous assay are rapid and high-throughput options. However, none of the proposed equations for calculated sdLDL determination have been sufficiently validated for clinical use.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jelena Vekic, Aleksandra Zeljkovic, Aleksandra Stefanovic, Natasa Bogavac-Stanojevic, Ioannis Ilias, Jose Silva-Nunes, Anca Pantea Stoian, Andrej Janez, Manfredi Rizzo
Summary: There is compelling evidence linking increased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, recent data shows that the majority of patients in Europe are unable to achieve their recommended LDL-C targets. To address this issue, a new approach to lipid-lowering, involving more intensive and earlier intervention, has been proposed for high-risk patients. Additionally, novel lipid biomarkers, such as small dense LDL particles (sdLDL), should be considered as potential therapeutic targets.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alyann Otrante, Abdelghani Bounafaa, Hicham Berrougui, Abdel-Khalid Essamadi, Michel Nguyen, Tamas Fueloep, Abdelouahed Khalil
Summary: This study aimed to determine the size and distribution of LDL and HDL particles in North African acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and to compare the level of small dense LDL (sdLDL) to other markers used in cardiovascular risk prediction. The results showed that ACS patients had an alteration in LDL particle distribution with a significant increase in sdLDL serum concentrations. These findings suggest that sdLDL levels could be a valuable marker for predicting cardiovascular events.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Masako Arimoto, Yasushi Yamamoto, Wataru Imaoka, Toshio Kuroshima, Ryoko Toragai, Marie Nakamura, Yasuki Ito, Masumi Ai
Summary: Skipping breakfast and staple foods increases the concentration of serum sdLDL-C and leads to unfavorable lipid profiles, promoting the risk of cardiovascular disease.
JOURNAL OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rihwa Choi, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of sdLDL predominant phenotype in Korean adult patients and found that a significant proportion of patients had increased risk only due to sdLDL. This suggests that LDL particle size analysis has clinical significance in the Korean population.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pere Rehues, Josefa Girona, Montse Guardiola, Nuria Plana, Roberto Scicali, Salvatore Piro, Ovidio Muniz-Grijalvo, Jose Luis Diaz-Diaz, Lluis Recasens, Marta Pinyol, Roser Rosales, Yaiza Esteban, Nuria Amigo, Lluis Masana, Daiana Ibarretxe, Josep Ribalta
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of iPCSK9 on glycoproteins A, B, and F, and found that iPCSK9 therapy not only reduced LDL cholesterol, but also decreased 1H-NMR glycoprotein signals, which correlated with a decrease in triglycerides and apoC-III.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ali A. Rizvi, Anca Pantea Stoian, Andrej Janez, Manfredi Rizzo
Summary: Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with small, dense LDL being the most predictive subtype for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. In addition to traditional lipid-lowering therapies, certain novel treatments such as GLP1-RAs have shown potential benefits in impacting sdLDL and reducing cardiovascular risk. Further research is warranted to explore their beneficial non-glycemic effects.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yin-Yi Han, Sandy Huey-Jen Hsu, Ta-Chen Su
Summary: This study found that vitamin D deficiency is more common in females, smokers, alcohol drinkers, individuals at a younger age, and those who do not exercise regularly. Additionally, high levels of sdLDL-C were associated with low serum vitamin D levels and were more common among individuals with certain risk factors like smoking and alcohol consumption. The study also revealed a strong negative correlation between low vitamin D status and atherogenic dyslipidemia biomarkers in middle-aged adults without cardiovascular disease.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xiaorong Yu, Yanhua Yu, Cunsheng Wei, Lin Wang, Junying Jiang, Rui Zhang, Qi Dai, Yue Kang, Xuemei Chen
Summary: The study identified small and dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) as an independent risk factor for cerebral small vascular disease (CSVD). A new prediction model based on LDL-C3 and LDL-C4 was established to help clinicians identify high-risk CSVD patients. Levels of sdLDL-C should be considered in the assessment and management of CSVD.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Tsutomu Hirano, Rieko Kodera, Takeshi Hirashima, Natsuko Suzuki, Ema Aoki, Mitsuru Hosoya, Taito Oshima, Toshiyuki Hayashi, Shinji Koba, Motoko Ohta, Noriyuki Satoh, Yasuki Ito
Summary: Abnormal compositional changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, such as triglyceride (TG) enrichment and size reduction, are common in diabetes patients. LDL-TG and sdLDL-C are sensitive biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular diseases beyond LDL-C. LDL-TG is significantly correlated with TG, LDL-C, sdLDL-C, and apoB, with apoB being the primary determinant. LDL-TG is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation independently of other lipids. LDL-TG levels are regulated by the number of LDL particles, while sdLDL-C is associated with metabolic syndrome-related factors.
JOURNAL OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Takahiro Ichikawa, Hiroshi Okada, Masahide Hamaguchi, Kazushiro Kurogi, Hiroaki Murata, Masato Ito, Michiaki Fukui
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between estimated small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) and incident type 2 diabetes. Data from a health checkup program conducted by Panasonic Corporation between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed. The study found that estimated sdLDL cholesterol was an important predictor of future incidence of diabetes within 10 years and had a higher area under the curve compared to other lipid profiles.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nataliya Mushenkova, Evgeny E. Bezsonov, Varvara A. Orekhova, Tatyana Popkova, Antonina Starodubova, Alexander N. Orekhov
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease with inflammatory components, now recognized as an active autoimmune process involving both innate and adaptive immune pathways. One of the key factors driving this process is the presence of modified LDL, which leads to the formation of oxidation-specific epitopes recognized by immune cells. Macrophage response to these epitopes is crucial for initiating and promoting inflammation in the arteries.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sonia Benitez, Nuria Puig, Jose Rives, Arnau Sole, Jose Luis Sanchez-Quesada
Summary: Electronegative LDL (LDL(-)) is a minor form of LDL present in blood, which is increased in pathologies with increased cardiovascular risk. It has pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenic properties, and can degrade different lipids due to its enzymatic activities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Szu-Ying Chen, Chang-Fu Wu, Charlene Wu, Chang-Chuan Chan, Jing-Shiang Hwang, Ta-Chen Su
Summary: This study found associations between PM2.5 and its elemental constituents with atherosclerosis, particularly in young populations. Specific sources of air pollution, such as traffic and industry, were found to have a significant impact on cardiovascular health.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Po-Chih Lin, Chung-Yen Chen, Charlene Wu, Ta-Chen Su
Summary: This study investigated subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and their family members, and found that systemic inflammation synergistically contributed to atherogenic dyslipidemia on subclinical atherosclerosis.
Article
Biophysics
Smruti R. Sahoo, Sandy Huey-Jen Hsu, Dev-Aur Chou, Gou-Jen Wang, Cheng-Chung Chang
Summary: The D/T-BIL ratio is related to the survival rate of COVID-19 pneumonia, as excessive bilirubin in human blood can cause liver and neurological damage. Therefore, it is imperative to detect bilirubin in a fast and label-free manner. A 3D-PHS nanochip was designed and successfully used to detect D-BIL in human blood without labels, showcasing a potential biosensing technology for health care units and point-of-care testing.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jung Chen, Hung Shen, Yi Teng Chen, Chin-Ho Chen, Kuang-Han Lee, Pao-Ling Torng
Summary: The study compared maternal and perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies delivered via different modes of delivery and found that vaginal delivery was associated with younger maternal age, multiparity, higher rate of vertex presentation, longer inter-twin delivery time interval, less estimated blood loss, and shorter maternal hospital stay.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tsung-Ming Tsao, Jing-Shiang Hwang, Sung-Tsun Lin, Charlene Wu, Ming-Jer Tsai, Ta-Chen Su
Summary: This study investigates the effects of walking in forests and urban parks on cardiovascular functions (CVFs). The results show that walking in a forest park significantly lowers blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and improves vascular compliance compared to walking in an urban park. This study provides evidence of the potential beneficial effects of walking exercise in forest parks on CVFs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Letter
Surgery
Fu-Shiang Peng, Hsin-Fen Lu, Yi-Chen Chuang, Pao-Ling Torng
ASIAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Wei-Jhu Wang, Chun-Wei Kuo, Heng-Cheng Hsu, Pao-Ling Torng
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER
(2022)
Letter
Surgery
Yen-Cheng Chen, Yi-Chen Chuang, Hsin-Fen Lu, Pao-Ling Torng
ASIAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Chien -An Yao, I. -Ling Chen, Chung -Yen Chen, Pao -Ling Torng, Ta-Chen Su
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep disturbance (defined as wakeup frequency at night) and atherogenic dyslipidemia, as well as the possible sex differences. The results showed that a wakeup frequency >= 3 times per night was independently associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia, especially non-HDL-C >= 160 mg/dL. The association between wakeup frequency and atherogenic dyslipidemia was stronger in women than in men.
JOURNAL OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chien-Yu Lin, Sandy Huey-Jen Hsu, Ching-Way Chen, Chikang Wang, Fung-Chang Sung, Ta-Chen Su
Summary: Exposure to lead and cadmium is associated with abnormal lipid profiles and increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), potentially mediated by lipoprotein levels.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amalia Despoina Koutsogianni, Petros Spyridonas Adamidis, Fotios Barkas, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Ta-Chen Su, Shizuya Yamashita, George Liamis, Manfredi Rizzo
Summary: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder that can lead to premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease if left untreated. Diagnosis of FH relies on clinical criteria and/or genetic testing, but many patients are not properly diagnosed or treated. Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), another cardiovascular risk factor, is also prevalent among FH patients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hung-Chi Ho, Fu-Sung Lo, Jen-Kuang Lee, Wen-Yu Tsai, Ta-Chen Su
Summary: In healthy adults, there is a stronger association between HbA1c level and IMT in the femoral artery compared to the carotid artery. However, it is unclear if this differential association also applies to adolescents with T1D. This study found that in T1D adolescents, IMT increased in the femoral artery but not in the carotid or popliteal arteries, suggesting that femoral IMT may be a more sensitive marker for hyperglycemia-induced subclinical atherosclerosis.
PEDIATRIC DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Chien-An Yao, Tsung-Yi Yen, Sandy Huey-Jen Hsu, Ta-Chen Su
Summary: This study examined the association between glycative stress, as measured by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and atherogenic dyslipidemia in hyperlipidemic patients, with and without diabetes. The findings showed that patients with higher HbA1c levels had an increased risk of dyslipidemia and higher levels of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shizuya Yamashita, Manfredi Rizzo, Ta-Chen Su, Daisaku Masuda
Summary: Statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors can lower LDL-C levels and reduce cardiovascular events, but residual risk factors like hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C still exist. Fibrates, nicotinic acids, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be used to treat these risk factors.
