Article
Polymer Science
Cristiana Luminita Gijiu, Raluca Isopescu, Daniel Dinculescu, Maria Memecica, Manuela-Rossemary Apetroaei, Mirela Anton, Verginica Schroder, Ileana Rau
Summary: This study experimentally investigated and optimized the extraction of chitin from crab shells to obtain chitosan with a predefined deacetylation degree and molecular mass. By varying four parameters, including NaOH concentration, temperature, HCl concentration, and number of acidic treatments, the optimum operating conditions were determined. The results showed that a high deacetylation degree of chitosan can be achieved with 5% NaOH concentration and low temperatures, while high molecular mass chitosan can be obtained with a single step acidic treatment.
Article
Polymer Science
Ilze Irbe, Laura Andze, Mara Blumfelde, Inese Filipova, Anrijs Verovkins, Juris Zoldners
Summary: This study investigated the mycelial biomass production and chitosan extraction potential of various Basidiomycota strains. The results showed that Pleurotus ostreatus had the highest chitosan yield in basidiocarps, while Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor had the highest mycelial biomass concentration in submerged and solid-state fermentation methods, respectively. The extracted chitosan has the potential to be used as a functional biopolymer additive in eco-friendly packaging materials.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ohood A. Amer, Sameh S. Ali, Maha Azab, Wagih A. El-Shouny, Jianzhong Sun, Yehia A. -G Mahmoud
Summary: Exploitation of shellfish waste for bioconversion can maximize the utilization of chitin-containing seafood processing wastes, producing enzymes and bioactive materials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ahmet Kertmen, Izabela Dziedzic, Hermann Ehrlich
Summary: Cationic chitosan, as a derivative of chitin, has specific physicochemical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, and is widely used in patents related to biomedical, material science, biotechnology, and chemical fields.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Alia Tasnim Hazmi, Farah B. Ahmad, M. H. Maziati Akmal, Aliza Aini Md Ralib, Fathilah Binti Ali
Summary: This study reviews different experimental procedures for the chemical extraction of fungal chitosan and selects the most effective method using PROMETHEE-GAIA analysis. The microwave-assisted organic acid-alkaline treatment extraction method is found to be the most effective for fungal chitosan extraction.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chen-Hsueh Lin, Yu-Sheng Chen, Wei-Lun Huang, Tzung-Chin Hung, Ten-Chin Wen
Summary: In this study, chitin and chitosan were used to provide an environment for calcium ion and phosphate ion, promoting the formation of HA crystallites. This hypothesis was supported by experiments, and the porous morphology after HA mineralization was observed. CH-CS-HA showed a high crystallinity index and a Young's modulus close to that of native bone.
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Yanina S. Rizzi, Petra Happel, Sandra Lenz, Mounashree J. Urs, Martin Bonin, Stefan Cord-Landwehr, Ratna Singh, Bruno M. Moerschbacher, Regine Kahmann
Summary: The basidiomycete Ustilago maydis, a biotrophic fungus, possesses a family of chitin deacetylases (CDAs) with seven genes that play discrete and redundant roles in virulence and cell wall integrity. The study shows that different CDAs have specific functions in evading plant immune recognition and modifying chitin to chitosan. Surprisingly, the simultaneous inactivation of all seven genes is not tolerated, indicating the essential role of chitosan for the fungus's viability.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yue Zheng, Di Xu, Lei Zhang, Xi Chen
Summary: In this study, glucosaminic acid (GlcNA) was efficiently produced from chitin biomass-derived glucosamine (GlcN) using zinc oxide-supported gold nanoparticles (Au/ZnO) as catalyst. The Au/ZnO catalyst prepared by the deposition-precipitation (DP) method exhibited superior catalytic performance compared with the deposition-reduction (DR) method, resulting in a >2-fold increase in product yield. The average particle size of Au nanoparticles and the surface oxygen vacancy sites were found to be crucial factors affecting the catalytic activity.
CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarina Valachova, Ladislav Soltes
Summary: Chitosan and hyaluronan, two biopolymers providing structure, have numerous applications in medicine and cosmetics. Their biodegradability, non-toxicity, bacteriostatic, and fungistatic properties make them highly valuable in various fields.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pawel Poznanski, Amir Hameed, Waclaw Orczyk
Summary: Chitosan, derived from chitin, has strong antifungal activity and is biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-toxic. Chitosan nanoparticles can enhance its antifungal activity. Various parameters, such as molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, acetylation pattern, concentration, and protonation of chitosan, affect its antifungal activity and nanoparticle properties. Understanding these parameters is important for designing environmentally friendly plant protection strategies.
Review
Polymer Science
Alessandro Pellis, Georg M. Guebitz, Gibson Stephen Nyanhongo
Summary: This review provides an overview of chitosan as an important raw material for various applications and discusses different sources, extraction and conversion techniques, inherent characteristics, and customization methods of chitosan. The review also explores the effects of degree of acetylation, degree of deacetylation, and molecular weight on the properties of chitosan.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Delong Pan, Jinze Liu, Peiyao Xiao, Yukun Xie, Xiuling Zhou, Yang Zhang
Summary: Globally, seafood waste annually produces around 10 million tons of wasted crab, shrimp, and lobster shells, which are rich in chitin resources. The exploitation and utilization of chitin resources are crucial for environmental protection, economic development, and sustainability. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) play a vital role in converting refractory polysaccharides into biomass, but research on lytic chitin monooxygenases (LCMs) is limited. This review provides an overview of chitin resource development, different LCMs families, their structural characteristics, and the relationship between structure and function.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kui Zeng, Ruhuai Mei, Xizhou Cecily Zhang, Loren B. Andreas, Kai Zhang
Summary: A catalyst-free one-pot methodology for direct nitrogen interception of chitosan/chitin for imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines was developed. This strategy allows for the synthesis of previously inaccessible products, including important deuterated imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines and tridentate ligands.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ke-Xin Huang, Ling-Yue Zhou, Jia-Qi Chen, Na Peng, Hong -Xiang Chen, Hua-Zhi Gu, Tao Zou
Summary: In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on natural polysaccharides due to their low cost, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Quaternization is a modification method that enhances the solubility and antibacterial ability of natural polysaccharides. Water-soluble derivatives of cellulose, chitin, and chitosan have diverse applications in fields such as antibacterial products, drug delivery, wound healing, sewage treatment, and ion exchange membranes. By combining the inherent properties of these polysaccharides with quaternary ammonium groups, new products with multiple functions and properties can be obtained. This review summarizes the research progress in the applications of quaternized cellulose, chitin, and chitosan in the past five years and discusses the challenges and future perspectives in this promising field.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hirokazu Kobayashi, Yusuke Suzuki, Takuya Sagawa, Makoto Saito, Atsushi Fukuoka
Summary: Oligosaccharides, especially chitin-oligosaccharides, have important functions in various fields, particularly in agriculture. However, the selective synthesis of oligosaccharides has been a challenge. In this study, a carbon catalyst was used to convert chitin into chitin-oligosaccharides with high selectivity and good yields.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei-Han Hui, Yen-Lin Chen, Shu-Wei Chang
Summary: Crosslinking affects the mechanical behavior and tissue metabolism of collagen-based tissues. Aging and diabetes alter the crosslinking type and density, thus changing tissue properties. High-connectivity enzymatic crosslinking and advanced-glycation end-products result in uniform deformation under daily activity, while low-connectivity enzymatic crosslinking does not. High-connectivity model displays more sliding, while AGEs induce instability in structures near the binding sites.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yao-Bin Ma, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Shu-Wei Li, Ling Tang, Lu Zhang, Hai-Feng Mi, Lin Feng
Summary: Tea polyphenols (TPs) are an inexpensive feed additive that can protect the gill function of fish against Flavobacterium columnare (F. columnare) through various mechanisms, including suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan-Jia Guo, Jing-Ru Pang, Yu Zhang, Zhong-Rui Li, Xiao-Lin Zi, Hong-Min Liu, Ning Wang, Li-Juan Zhao, Ya Gao, Bo Wang, Piet Herdewijn, Cheng-Yun Jin, Ying Liu, Yi-Chao Zheng
Summary: This study identifies the conjugation of NEDD8 to LSD1 and its impact on GC cells, revealing the significance of LSD1 neddylation in GC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Geum-Jae Jeong, Fazlurrahman Khan, Nazia Tabassum, Young-Mog Kim
Summary: Vibrio species are motile gram-negative bacteria commonly found in aquatic environments. They can adapt to environmental fluctuations and develop protective mechanisms against host immune systems. Different types of sigma and anti-sigma factors play important roles in regulating gene expression and virulence in Vibrio species.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zahra Mohammadbagheri, Behrooz Movahedi, Shaghayegh Saeedi, Abbas Rahmati
Summary: In this study, a reusable biobased composite hydrogel was successfully synthesized and used for the removal of Tl(I) from aqueous solutions. The hydrogel exhibited high adsorption capacity and thermal stability, and the adsorption process was found to be thermodynamically spontaneous. The results demonstrated that the hydrogel can be reused multiple times without significant loss of its adsorption capacity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iqra Batool, Muhammad Imran, Ayesha Anwar, Farhan Ahmed Khan, Afrah E. Mohammed, Ashwag Shami, Hafiz Iqbal
Summary: Enzyme immobilization on ZnO/SnO2 and ZnO/SnO2/SA nanocomposites was studied, and the catalytic and biochemical characteristics of the immobilized enzyme were investigated. The results showed that ZnO/SnO2 and ZnO/SnO2/SA nanostructures are suitable carriers for enzyme immobilization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elias Mosaffa, Dhruvi Patel, Nasim Amiri Ramsheh, Rishikumar Indravadan Patel, Atanu Banerjee, Hossein Ghafuri
Summary: In this study, a unique 3D bead structure of adsorbent, composed of bacterial cellulose microfilaments reinforced chitosan adorned with melamine 2D plates, was synthesized for anionic dye removal. The adsorbent showed high specific surface area and abundant functional groups, resulting in exceptional adsorption capacity. The characteristics and optimal conditions of the adsorbent were assessed and analyzed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carolina Gismene, Jorge Enrique Hernandez Gonzalez, Marilia de Freitas Calmon, Andrey Fabricio Ziem Nascimento, Angela Rocio Nino Santisteban, Felipe Antunes Calil, Alana Della Torre da Silva, Paula Rahal, Rejane Maira Goes, Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni, Ricardo Barros Mariutti
Summary: Mammaliicoccus sciuri, a bacterium of clinical and veterinary relevance, expresses the virulence factor Exfoliative Toxin C (ExhC), which binds specifically to desmoglein-1 (Dsg1) and plays a role in tissue integrity. This study investigates the necrotic activity of ExhC and identifies a variant lacking necrotic potential but retaining enzymatic activity through mutagenesis experiments and crystal structure determination.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bibhas K. Bhunia, Ashutosh Bandyopadhyay, Souradeep Dey, Biman B. Mandal
Summary: Intervertebral disc degeneration is a major cause of chronic low back pain and disability. Researchers have developed a bioactive silk-based hybrid hydrogel system functionalized with decellularized human Wharton's jelly extracellular matrix as bioactive cues. The hydrogels mimic the rheological and mechanical properties of the native nucleus pulposus tissue and support cell viability, proliferation, and tissue maturation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qun Zhang, Yonggan Yan, Zhao Li, Jing Du, Kai Zhang, Liguo Zhang, Ting Wang, Alberto Bianco, Shaohua Ge, Baojin Ma
Summary: A new crosslinking strategy has been devised to construct injectable sodium alginate hydrogels, which can be regulated for injectability and have great potential in biomedical applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seong Eun Hong, Ji-Soo Lee, Hyeon Gyu Lee
Summary: The potential of multi-layer nanoemulsions for improving the cellular uptake, antioxidant activity, and in vitro bioaccessibility of alpha-tocopherol was examined. The results showed that the multi-layer nanoemulsions significantly enhanced the cellular uptake and antioxidant activity of alpha-tocopherol compared to free coumarin 6. Furthermore, the use of chitosan and dextran sulfate as wall materials in the multi-layer nanoemulsions led to even higher cellular uptake, in vitro bioaccessibility, and antioxidant activity of alpha-tocopherol.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jingjing Yu, Yanhui Zhang, Ruoning Zhang, Yanxiang Gao, Like Mao
Summary: High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) based on beeswax (BW) oleogels and octenyl succinic acid starch (OSA starch) were prepared by a simple one-step method. The results showed that oleogelation improved the stability and encapsulation capability of the HIPEs, which is significant for the development of novel healthy food.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bi-Feng Yao, Xiu-Ju Luo, Jun Peng
Summary: The balanced and continuous fission and fusion of mitochondria, regulated by OPA1, are important for maintaining mitochondrial dynamics in cardiovascular disorders. Understanding the role of OPA1 in mitochondrial fusion can provide insights into the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gokul Paramasivam, Anandhavelu Sanmugam, Vishnu Vardhan Palem, Murugan Sevanan, Ananda Babu Sairam, Nachiappan Nachiappan, Buhyun Youn, Jung Sub Lee, Muthuchamy Nallal, Kang Hyun Park
Summary: Nanomaterials are being used to deliver therapeutic agents in living systems. Different nanotechnological applications such as immunosensors, immune assays, and drug delivery are being implemented using nanotechnology. Genomics plays a crucial role in selecting appropriate drugs for personalized cancer therapy. It helps in analyzing gene and protein expression, disease classification, and designing disease models. Delivering drugs to specific areas using nanoparticles is a challenging issue.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jing Li, Wei Wang, Han Wu, Feng Peng, Hui Gao, Ying Guan
Summary: In this study, CMH-based CPF films were prepared and their thermal and barrier properties were successfully regulated. The tensile strength and water vapor barrier property of CPF films were significantly improved, making them promising for food packaging applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)