Apatite-forming ability, cytocompatibility, and mechanical properties enhancement of poly methyl methacrylate-based bone cements by incorporating of baghdadite nanoparticles

Bone cement synthesis through combination of polymers and bioceramics leads to the enhancement of mechanical and biological performances required for osteogenic properties and apatite-formation ability with the aim of new bone growth. The purpose of the present study is to characterize a novel poly methyl methacrylate-poly caprolactone (PCL) bone cement containing baghdadite (BAGH) for orthopedic applications. Considerable enhancement in the mechanical properties was found in the cement containing BAGH compared to the cement without BAGH. Noticeably, favorable bioactivity was found in the bone cement containing BAGH, while the cement without BAGH presented poor bioactivity. The MTT assay illustrated that the MG63 osteoblasts' viability was noticeably improved by incorporation of BAGH into the cement. In addition, higher cell attachment and spreading were observed in the cement containing BAGH compared to the cement without BAGH. Hence, the synergistic effects of the cement containing BAGH including high mechanical properties, good bioactivity, and desirable cytocompatibility make it an attractive candidate for filling bone defects in orthopedic surgeries.