期刊
IMMUNOTHERAPY
卷 11, 期 13, 页码 1161-1176出版社
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0024
关键词
antiestrogen therapy; checkpoint inhibitors; estrogen pathway; non-small-cell lung cancer; sex differences; tumor microenvironment
类别
资金
- Breath of Hope Lung Foundation
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate of about 18%. Thus, there is a great need for novel therapeutic approaches to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes for a subset of patients, especially those with high programmed death-ligand 1 expression and/or high tumor mutational burden, but have failed in the majority of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the estrogen signaling pathway may be a therapeutic target in metastatic NSCLC and that the estrogen pathway may play a role in sex-based responses to ICIs. This report will review the epidemiologic, preclinical and clinical data on the estrogen pathway in NSCLC, its implications in sex-based responses to ICIs and the potential use of antiestrogen therapy in combination with ICIs.
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