Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qijun Chen, Tanrong Jia, Xia Wu, Xiaoqing Chen, Jiajia Wang, Yinying Ba
Summary: This article investigates the effect of polygalae radix oligosaccharide esters (PROEs) on gut microbiota and its potential mechanism in depression. The results show that PROEs alleviate depression-like behavior, increase the level of monoamine neurotransmitters, reduce HPA axis hyperfunction, regulate gut microbiota imbalance, relieve intestinal mucosal damage, and decrease serum levels of LPS and IL-6. PROEs have an antidepressant effect through restructuring gut microbiota and restoring intestinal barrier function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ningning Zhao, Junpeng Xing, Zhong Zheng, Fengrui Song, Zhiqiang Liu, Shu Liu
Summary: This study designed a new strategy to track the metabolism of aromatic carboxylic acids (ACAs) in Polygalae Radix (PR) before and after processing using intestinal bacteria. The results showed that the impact of licorice on the metabolism of compounds was greater than that of honey.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Wei Zheng, Guixia Sun, Jianhua Chen, Zhihui Li, Ting Zhang, Guijie Wei, Hongya Wang, Xiurui Sun, Zhe Zhang, Wenwen Zhao, Pengkai Ma, Yujie Zhang, Chunyue Zhang
Summary: The study found that Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) decreased the metabolism and absorption of flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix (SR), especially exerting different effects on aglycones and glycosides. This may be one of the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of the combination of SR and CR on diabetes mellitus.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Prempree Sutthasupha, Sasivimon Promsan, Laongdao Thongnak, Nattavadee Pengrattanachot, Nichakorn Phengpol, Onanong Jaruan, Krit Jaikumkao, Chatchai Muanprasat, Rath Pichyangkura, Varanuj Chatsudthipong, Anusorn Lungkaphin
Summary: This study investigated the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on preventing obesity-related complications and providing renoprotection in a prediabetic model. The results showed that COS successfully improved obesity, glucose intolerance, and kidney dysfunction by attenuating intestinal lipid absorption and the inflammation-autophagy-apoptosis axis.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Desire Molina, Jorge Follana-Berna, Angela Sastre-Santos
Summary: Perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) have limitations that prevent them from entering the market, such as sensitivity to humidity, heat, and light. Researchers are conducting extensive studies to develop materials and manufacturing methods that can overcome these limitations. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) and porphyrins (Pors) have shown promise in improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs, and there has been a significant amount of scientific research focused on this area.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Tokio Morita, Takeshi Akiyoshi, Toshiaki Tsuchitani, Hiroki Kataoka, Naoya Araki, Kodai Yajima, Kazuhiro Katayama, Ayuko Imaoka, Hisakazu Ohtani
Summary: This study found that cranberry juice inhibits the key proteins (OATP1A2 and OATP2B1) responsible for drug absorption in the intestines. The component avicularin in cranberry juice was identified as a novel inhibitor. Cranberry juice may interact with drugs that are substrates of OATPs.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Lifen Yin, Ling Yan, Qian Yu, Ju Wang, Changhong Liu, Lei Wang, Lei Zheng
Summary: This study extracted ginger exosome-like nanoparticles (GELNs) and analyzed their miRNA profiles. The results showed that there were 27 miRNAs with higher expression levels in GELNs, mainly involved in the regulation of inflammatory and cancer-related pathways. Moreover, GELNs could specifically enter intestine cells through caveolin-mediated endocytosis and micropinocytosis, and counteract inflammation by downregulating the expression of inflammatory genes.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christian Philipp, Phillip Eder, Moritz Hartmann, Elsa Patzl-Fischerleitner, Reinhard Eder
Summary: Pesticide residues in Austrian wines are poorly documented, with some wines showing high levels of residues that could potentially be reduced before bottling. Various agents tested in the study were found to reduce both residues and volatile compounds in wine, with activated charcoal having the strongest effect and bentonite the weakest.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Njinju Asaba Clinton, Sodiq Ayobami Hameed, Eugene Kusi Agyei, Joy Chinwendu Jacob, Victor Oyewale Oyebanji, Cyril Ekabe Jabea
Summary: In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence highlighting the impact of microbiota on gut immunity, homeostasis, and disease. While most studies have focused on the role of bacteria in gut mucosal immunity and disease, the influence of the virome, including bacteriophages, endogenous retroviruses, and eukaryotic viruses, is still relatively unexplored. This review provides an overview of the gut virome and its interactions with other microorganisms, highlighting its potential contribution to gut mucosal immunity and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Stephanie Kourula, Merel Derksen, Ferran Jardi, Sophie Jonkers, Marjolein van Heerden, Peter Verboven, Veronique Theuns, Stijn Van Asten, Tinne Huybrechts, Annett Kunze, Ewa Frazer-Mendelewska, Ka Wai Lai, Rene Overmeer, Jamie Lee Roos, Robert G. J. Vries, Sylvia F. Boj, Mario Monshouwer, Farzin Pourfarzad, Jan Snoeys
Summary: Intestinal organoids derived from LGR5+ adult stem cells have advantages over traditional models and have been established for several species. They can be used for drug disposition, metabolism, and safety studies. Differentiated human organoids accurately distinguish between toxic and non-toxic drugs. Rat and dog organoids show species sensitivity differences compared to human organoids.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kazuo Takayama, Kohei Ito, Akiko Matsui, Tomoki Yamashita, Kentaro Kawakami, Daisuke Hirayama, Wataru Kishimoto, Hiroshi Nakase, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
Summary: In this study, gene expression profiles related to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion were analyzed in biopsy samples from different regions of the intestine of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The study found significant differences in gene expression levels across different regions of the intestine, particularly in drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. This information may be crucial for accurately predicting the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs.
DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Xin-li Liang, Miao-miao Ji, Lai Chen, Ye Liao, Xiao-qiang Kong, Xi-qiang Xu, Zheng-gen Liao, Danny W. Wilson
Summary: The study demonstrated that Astragali Radix can inhibit the absorption of aconite alkaloids by upregulating the expression levels of ABC transporters and tight junction proteins. This suggests that co-administration of Astragali Radix with other drugs may alter the absorption profile of the second drug, which is important in clinical therapy.
CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xiuhuan Wang, Ying Dong, Ruolan Song, Axiang Yu, Jing Wei, Qiqi Fan, Jianling Yao, Dongjie Shan, Xiangjian Zhong, Fang Lv, Gaimei She
Summary: This study investigated the intestinal metabolism, absorption properties, and mechanism of the anti-rheumatic arthritis fraction (ARF) extracted from Dianbaizhu in vitro and in situ models. The results showed that the absorption of ARF in the small intestine was significantly stronger than in the colon, with the best absorption sites identified as duodenum and ileum in normal and model rats, respectively. Additionally, it was found that MSTG-B, MSTG-A, and Gaultherin were likely to be substrates of P-glycoprotein, while other ingredients were not.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ryszard Mordak, Zbigniew Dobrzanski, Robert Kupczynski
Summary: Testing blood and milk parameters and analyzing the relationships among these markers is useful for monitoring internal homeostasis and health in high-yielding dairy cows. The study aimed to assess correlations among macro-minerals, bone profile markers, and milk components in late-lactation cows. Significant correlations between various markers were observed, providing valuable information for laboratory diagnostics and monitoring of potential risks in high-yielding dairy cows.
ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Guangjiao You, Tao Feng, Huijie Zhang, Lili Sun, Jiajia Mou, Meng Wang, Xiaoliang Ren
Summary: The study found that THSG, a main active ingredient in Polygoni Multiflori Radix, has differential chemical compositions in its compatible herb pairs. The compatible pairs were able to significantly increase the stability of THSG in the gastrointestinal tract and delay its absorption in the small intestine, with Ophiopogonis Radix having the most significant influence on THSG.
JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)