Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Daniel Micallef, Abdolrahim Rezaeiha
Summary: Over the past decade, there has been a steady increase in scientific articles on rotor aerodynamics of offshore wind turbines, highlighting the critical role of aerodynamics in overcoming specific barriers in multi-physics systems. Current trends in research focus on the interaction between aerodynamics and other fields, such as platform hydrodynamics and control, with common approaches being coupled or uncoupled studies. The literature mainly addresses isolated floating turbines, while studies on interactions between floating turbines are limited.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sung-ho Hur
Summary: A new control strategy of sharing controllers/converters for wind turbines is proposed to improve reliability and energy yield, especially for offshore wind turbines. The Matlab/Simulink model is utilized for simulation of each turbine, as well as for simulating clusters of multiple turbines.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lucas Sens, Ulf Neuling, Martin Kaltschmitt
Summary: This paper utilizes the experience curve theory to project the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for photovoltaic plants, onshore and offshore wind turbines. The results show significant reductions in LCOE for these renewable energy sources compared to fossil fuel power plants.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Esteve Borras Mora, James Spelling, Adriaan H. van der Weijde
Summary: The costs of offshore wind are decreasing rapidly, and there is a need to better understand the key drivers behind these cost reductions. This study uses an industry-leading offshore wind cost modelling tool and applies state-of-art global sensitivity analysis methods.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Srinivasan Santhakumar, Clara Heuberger-Austin, Hans Meerman, Andre Faaij
Summary: This study applies experience curve and bottom-up cost modeling methodologies to assess the long-term cost reduction potential and contribution factors of fixed-bottom and floating offshore wind in their mature markets. The study finds that floating wind has a higher generation cost but can achieve cost parity through learning investment. Additionally, grid connection costs form a substantial portion of total offshore wind cost.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shamsan Alsubal, Wesam Salah Alaloul, Eu Lim Shawn, M. S. Liew, Pavitirakumar Palaniappan, Muhammad Ali Musarat
Summary: The Malaysian government aims to increase the usage of renewable energy to 20% by 2025, with hydropower and biomass being the main sources. Studies have shown that wind energy has economic potential in Malaysia, especially in locations like Kudat, Mersing, and Kuala Terengganu.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yan Xu, Kun Yang, Jiahai Yuan
Summary: This paper evaluates the economic viability of offshore wind power projects in China and examines the LCOE values of projects in six typical provinces. The results indicate that offshore wind power projects in China are profitable and the grid parity era is on the horizon.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bhasuru Abhinaya Srinivas, Garlapati Nagababu, Surendra Singh Kachhwaha
Summary: This study statistically examined the applicability of six CORDEX-SA climate models and their ensembles in the Indian offshore region, and found that the ensemble model outperforms individual models at buoy sites with a 77% overlap with ERAS wind speeds. It also discovered that the North-East region will experience the most advantageous change in wind speeds in the future, while the North-West region will have a negative cumulative change.
Article
Engineering, Marine
H. Diaz, C. Guedes Soares
Summary: This study proposes a cost and financial evaluation model for floating wind farm designs. The model evaluates the cost of offshore farms based on capacity, technical aspects, and implemented technology. It analyzes the costs involved in different phases of farm construction. Simplified equations for the model construction are presented. The study compares financial indicators for different floating concepts and applies the model to a farm of 34 10 MW turbines in a Life Cycle Analysis perspective, providing insights for selecting optimal floating platforms and solutions based on economic and financial aspects.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lijun Zhang, Ye Li, Wenhao Xu, Zhiteng Gao, Long Fang, Rongfu Li, Boyin Ding, Bin Zhao, Jun Leng, Fenglan He
Summary: With the depletion of shallow water wind energy resources, offshore wind technology is shifting towards Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs). In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of wind farms based on simulations and cost decomposition. The study compares the performance of two FOWTs under different scenarios and discusses the impact of interaction on the levelized cost of energy. The findings suggest that a tandem layout with a distance of 9.25D is the optimal parameter choice.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lijun Zhang, Ye Li, Wenhao Xu, Zhiteng Gao, Long Fang, Rongfu Li, Boyin Ding, Bin Zhao, Jun Leng, Fenglan He
Summary: Offshore wind technology is shifting from bottom fixed to floating due to depletion of shallow water wind energy resources and maturity of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine. Detailed analysis on energy production and cost components of wind farm based on unsteady simulations provide insights for future wind farm plannings.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
V. Sykes, M. Collu, A. Coraddu
Summary: The development and deployment of offshore wind farms have significantly increased in the last decade, reaching a total capacity of 743 GW globally. The adoption of floating offshore platforms is expected to further drive this growth. However, uncertainty and cost increase are the main disadvantages of offshore wind, due to complex structures and longer distances to shore. This study reviews existing cost models and compares their accuracy and assumptions.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Amanda Vinhoza, Andre F. P. Lucena, Pedro R. R. Rochedo, Roberto Schaeffer
Summary: In this paper, the cost potential of Brazilian offshore wind energy is assessed using a methodological approach that combines spatial suitability analysis and a cost estimation model. The available area for development is mapped and classified based on the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), generating a cost potential map and a cost-supply curve. The results demonstrate that Brazil has a promising market for offshore wind energy, with significant installable capacity and internationally competitive costs.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Callum Milne, Shahin Jalili, Alireza Maheri
Summary: This study introduces a new cost model for OWF decommissioning, which estimates the costs of removal and transportation phases using a bottom-up approach, and further estimates the overall decommissioning costs through project percentage breakdown analysis. The research findings demonstrate that the proposed cost model efficiently estimates the removal and transportation costs, and can be adapted to estimate the overall decommissioning costs.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
A. Martinez, G. Iglesias
Summary: This study provides a large-scale mapping of the LCOE of floating offshore wind over the European Atlantic, highlighting the influence of wind resource on the final cost of energy. The results show that areas with abundant wind resources have lower LCOE values, with distance to shore being the main variable affecting the LCOE within regions with similar wind resources.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
M. Vieira, E. Henriques, B. Snyder, L. Reis
Summary: Offshore wind technologies have shown potential for decarbonization, but cost reduction is needed; Structural health monitoring systems may reduce operation and maintenance costs for offshore wind, but their benefits are still unclear; A stochastic model and Monte Carlo simulation provide insights into the impact of these systems.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Pedro R. da Costa, Luis Reis, Manuel Freitas
Summary: Ultrasonic fatigue testing is a method that uses resonance to achieve very high cyclic load frequencies for studying high cycle fatigue. This study modified the geometry of the specimen and conducted numerical and experimental modal behavior analysis to achieve reliable multiaxial fatigue testing. The results prove a clear trend in crack propagation details with the increase of the induced stress ratio.
FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Diogo Pereira, Frederico P. D. Alves, Luis Reis, Marco Leite, Augusto M. Deus, Manuel Sardinha, M. Fatima Vaz
Summary: Sandwich panels, consisting of a core and two layers, have a wide range of applications and their mechanical properties are influenced by the geometry of the core. This study investigates the performance of body- and face-centred parallelepiped with struts in z-axis structure by changing its dimensions and relative density, and the results show that the dimensions of the struts and the relative density affect the mechanical performance and failure modes of the panels.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART L-JOURNAL OF MATERIALS-DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Manufacturing
Carlos M. S. Vicente, Manuel Sardinha, Luis Reis, Antonio Ribeiro, Marco Leite
Summary: This research provides a review of large-format AM processes for polymers and market research on large-format polymer commercial printers. The advancements in LFAM systems configurations and their control aspects are discussed. The material extrusion AM process family is found to be the most suitable for producing large parts.
PROGRESS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mario Vieira, Brian Snyder, Elsa Henriques, Craig White, Luis Reis
Summary: Offshore wind energy is a promising renewable source that can contribute to energy independence, but it requires cost reduction strategies for future development. This study evaluates the viability of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems on the support structures of bottom-fixed offshore wind (BFOSW) and their impact on the farm's life-cycle. Results show that implementing SHM systems can shift maintenance strategies and extend the operational life of the farm.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Manuel Sardinha, M. Fatima Vaz, Tania R. P. Ramos, Luis Reis
Summary: The interest in airless or non-pneumatic tire (NPT) structures emerges due to potential performance and environmental advantages. However, large-scale production of NPTs for most applications is not yet established. This study provides an in-depth review of the mechanical design and development of NPTs, discusses key research areas, and highlights the need for further investigation in the production, performance, and reliability of NPTs.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART L-JOURNAL OF MATERIALS-DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Felipe Klein Fiorentin, Luis Reis, Grzegorz Lesiuk, Ana Reis, Abilio de Jesus
Summary: A trend of increasing excitation frequencies in fatigue testing has been observed due to advances in control and excitation systems. While high testing frequencies save time and money, they also pose challenges for measurement systems and temperature control. Being able to predict and control sample temperature is essential in high frequency fatigue testing.
Article
Crystallography
Vitor Anes, Rogerio Moreira, Luis Reis, Manuel Freitas
Summary: Under strain control tests and cyclic loading, extruded magnesium alloys exhibit a special mechanism of plastic deformation called twinning and de-twining. This behavior cannot be fully characterized with traditional numerical tools used for steels or aluminum alloys. To address this, a new phenomenological model called hypo-strain has been developed to accurately predict the cyclic stress-strain evolution of magnesium alloys. This study aims to describe the local cyclic elastic-plastic behavior of AZ31B-F magnesium alloy under multiaxial cyclic loading using Abaqus incremental plasticity with the implementation of the hypo-strain model in the UMAT subroutine of Abaqus/Standard.
Article
Crystallography
Vitor Anes, Francisco Bumba, Luis Reis, Manuel Freitas
Summary: In this study, the multiaxial fatigue behavior of the magnesium alloy AZ31BF under proportional and non-proportional loads was investigated. Experimental tests were conducted according to the ASTM E466 protocol to determine the relationship between the fatigue strength of the alloy under these two loading types. The results showed that the fatigue strength of the AZ31BF alloy varies depending on the loading type. Parameter Y was introduced to represent the variation in non-proportional damage and can be used to enhance multiaxial fatigue models that currently overlook the distinction between these loading types.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Alexandra A. Arbex, Luis Reis, Gisele F. C. Almeida, Abrao C. Merij, Marcos Massi, Antonio A. Couto
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of coating a thin film of Silicon Carbide and chromium interlayer on the fatigue behavior and failure evaluation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The characterization of the layer included roughness, thickness, and adhesion measurements. Uni-axial fatigue tests were conducted under R = 0.1, and SEM was used to observe and identify the fracture surfaces and failure mechanisms. Coated specimens using the DC source exhibited an increased number of cycles to failure, with crack initiation occurring internally rather than superficially. The layer remained adhered to the specimens even after the tests, indicating its effectiveness. In contrast, specimens coated using the HiPIMS source showed a decreased number of cycles to failure, predominantly superficial cracks, and reduced adhesion of the deposited film, proving to be ineffective and worsening the material's fatigue behavior.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. C. Salama, F. Alves, L. Reis, A. M. Deus, M. B. Silva, C. Santos, M. J. Carmezim, M. F. Vaz
Summary: Biodegradable metals, particularly iron, have potential as temporary bone implants, but have drawbacks such as high stiffness and low degradation rate. The use of porous materials can overcome these disadvantages by decreasing strength and increasing degradation rate. This study aimed to develop iron porous structures with adequate mechanical and corrosion performance. Three types of structures were studied, and results showed that both mechanical and corrosion properties depended on relative density and pore arrangement. Structures with low relative density exhibited similar compressive strength to human trabecular bone and degradation rates suitable for bone substitutes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART L-JOURNAL OF MATERIALS-DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Francisco Bumba, Paulo Morais, Rodolfo Batalha, Vitor Anes, Luis Reis
Summary: The ability to manufacture complex parts directly from CAD models has attracted attention in the industry. However, issues such as high residual stresses, cracks, and voids in components produced using additive manufacturing have led to the development of post-treatment techniques, with laser shock peening (LSP) considered as one of the most efficient methods. Optimization of LSP parameters remains a challenge, requiring further studies.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Vitor Anes, Cristina B. Neves, Valeria Bostan, Sergio B. Goncalves, Luis Reis
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the retention forces of digitally fabricated removable partial denture clasps over time. The teeth were digitized using a laboratory scanner and two types of clasps were designed and fabricated using a direct laser sintering process. A total of 20,000 cycles of clasp insertion and removal were performed, and the retention forces were recorded. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the retention forces between the two types of clasps in most cycles.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Economics
Marie-Louise Arlt, David Chassin, Claudio Rivetta, James Sweeney
Summary: This paper examines the impact of real-time pricing and load automation on residential distribution systems. The study finds that implementing real-time pricing can result in an aggregate welfare gain of 39 USD per customer and year. However, it also notes that RTP and load automation may significantly increase peak system load. Introducing a market-based demand management system can further enhance welfare gains and reduce grid investment.
Article
Economics
Javier Jorquera-Copier, Alvaro Lorca, Enzo Sauma, Stefan Lorenczik, Matias Negrete-Pincetic
Summary: As countries update their climate ambitions, low-carbon hydrogen production and use present opportunities for emissions reductions and economic development. A case study for Chile shows that integrating hydrogen and electricity networks can lower system costs and enhance renewable integration, but policy support is needed to address concerns related to water and land use.
Article
Economics
Dawit Guta, Hisham Zerriffi, Jill Baumgartner, Abhishek Jain, Sunil Mani, Darby Jack, Ellison Carter, Guofeng Shen, Jennifer Orgill-Meyer, Joshua Rosenthal, Katherine Dickinson, Rob Bailis, Yuta Masuda
Summary: Household solid fuel use is detrimental to health and the environment. The Indian government's PMUY subsidy has successfully promoted the adoption of LPG by millions of households. However, there is limited understanding of the decision-making process to reduce solid fuel use after transitioning to cleaner fuels. This study found that factors such as household wealth, social status, education level, and the prevalence of LPG use in the village are positively associated with LPG consumption and the discontinuation of solid fuel use. On the other hand, factors such as distance to LPG refill delivery, household size, and the PMUY subsidy are negatively associated with the share of LPG use.
Article
Economics
Nicolas Morell-Dameto, Jose Pablo Chaves-Avila, Tomas Gomez San Roman, Pablo Duenas-Martinez, Tim Schittekatte
Summary: This paper assesses the performance of differently implemented forward-looking network tariff designs and proposes an innovative coordination mechanism to increase predictability in a future with many flexible customers. The study reveals that if large shares of customers synchronize their responses to highly time-varying and locational-specific network charges, it can lead to unexpected reinforcements.
Article
Economics
Alexandra Gritz, Guntram Wolff
Summary: Russia's weaponization of gas supplies shook the energy security of Central and Eastern Europe in 2022. The region responded by increasing alternative energy supplies and developing new gas supply routes. Renewable energy, nuclear energy, and hydrogen play important roles in the long-term. Mitigating the impact of this shock requires the EU to prioritize the integrity of its energy market.
Article
Economics
Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Marion Collewet, Matthew DiGiuseppe, Hendrik Vrijburg
Summary: Economic costs are a major political obstacle to investing in climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. The method of financing plays a crucial role in determining public opposition to government green investments, with debt financing being less opposed than broad-based taxes. This study suggests that credit market tools, such as green bonds and debt for climate swaps, can be politically efficient in increasing support for green financing. Carbon taxes and wealth taxes are found to be the most preferred options.
Article
Economics
Kun Guo, Liyuan Luan, Xiaoli Cai, Dayong Zhang, Qiang Ji
Summary: This paper investigates China's energy trade stability using a survival analysis approach. It finds that the energy trade linkages between China and 153 other countries are complex and unstable, with short periods of trade with many countries. Geopolitically risky regions, such as the Middle East and Africa, have the lowest trade stability. Climate risks have significant effects on energy trade stability. The paper proposes several policy options to improve energy trade stability in China, with special attention to increasing global climate risks.
Article
Economics
Simona Bigerna, Piyush Choudhary, Nikunj Kumar Jain, Silvia Micheli, Paolo Polinori
Summary: This study estimates the willingness to pay of Indian urban consumers for a continuous supply of electricity using contingent valuation method. The findings show that the amount consumers are willing to pay depends on the duration of power outages, with households preferring shorter outages. Income and environmental attitude also positively influence higher willingness to pay. These insights can inform policymakers in designing more reliable and customer-centric energy generation and distribution models.
Article
Economics
Temilade Sesan, Unico Uduka, Lucy Baker, Okechukwu Ugwu, Ewah Eleri, Subhes Bhattacharyya
Summary: This study examines the impact of the regulatory framework on rural electrification and universal energy access goals in Nigeria's mini-grid sector. The findings suggest that while the current framework has fostered sector growth, additional measures are necessary to ensure equitable distribution of access among rural populations.
Article
Economics
Rui Shan, Noah Kittner
Summary: Energy storage is a cornerstone in decarbonization planning as it reduces operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions, while enhancing resilience and renewables integration. However, storage developers in different regions have varying economic and environmental considerations, thereby requiring policy intervention to achieve long-term emission reductions.
Article
Economics
Tung Durmaz, Sevil Acar, Simay Kizilkaya
Summary: This study investigates the phenomenon of strategic capacity withholding in the Turkish electricity market and its relationship with the capacity remuneration mechanism. The empirical results provide strong evidence of strategic capacity withholding and show that the capacity mechanism contributes to the duration of failures. The study offers important insights for policymakers, including the implementation of a random verification mechanism and restructuring of the capacity mechanism in Turkey.
Article
Economics
Tii N. Nchofoung
Summary: The study finds that oil price shocks have a negative impact on Africa's energy transition, particularly in rural areas and net crude oil exporting countries. However, oil price shocks cannot explain the urban-rural differences in clean energy access. Therefore, increasing investment in clean energy and technologies in rural areas is necessary to enhance the resilience of the energy sector to oil price shocks.
Article
Economics
Najia Saqib, Muhammad Usman, Ilhan Ozturk, Arshian Sharif
Summary: This study examines the impact of environmental technologies, financial growth, and energy use on ecological footprint and green growth. Environmental innovation and renewable energy deployment contribute to green growth, while financial expansion and non-renewable energy use have negative effects on the environment. The study also identifies causal relationships between different factors.
Article
Economics
Yessica C. Y. Chung, Noxolo Kunene, Hung-Hao Chang
Summary: The Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) is considered an innovative technology for building a green society. This study investigates the impact of REC purchases on stock return and volume in Taiwan between 2017 and 2021. The findings suggest that REC purchases have a positive effect on stock returns of manufacturing firms but not service firms. The frequency of REC purchases is also an important factor in the relationship between REC purchase and firm value. Additionally, the study reveals that public attention to environmental pollution plays a crucial role in positive stock returns and volume, while ESG disclosure is negatively associated with returns and volume.
Article
Economics
Seife Ayele, Wei Shen, Yacob Mulugetta, Tadesse Kuma Worako
Summary: This paper addresses the challenges of governing energy procurement from a mix of non-hydropower renewable energy sources supplied by independent producers. Building on political economy analysis and five case studies of independent producer projects from Ethiopia, it seeks to understand the root causes of the protracted delays and limited extent of procurement by independent producers. The key contestations lie in managing long term contracts, risk, uncertainty and in developing the institutional and human capacity to transition.