Expression profiles of VEGF-A, VEGF-D and VEGFR1 are higher in distant metastases than in matched primary high grade epithelial ovarian cancer

BackgroundIn many malignancies including ovarian cancer, different angiogenic factors have been related to poor prognosis. However, data on their relations to each other or importance as a prognostic factor in ovarian cancer is missing. Therefore, we investigated the expressions of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D, and the receptors VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 in patients with malignant epithelial ovarian neoplasms. We further compared expression levels between primary tumors and related distant omental metastases.MethodsThis study included 86 patients with malignant ovarian epithelial tumors and 16 related distant metastases. Angiogenic factor expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (n=102) and qRT-PCR (n=29).ResultsCompared to primary high grade serous ovarian tumors, the related omental metastases showed higher expressions of VEGF-A (p=0.022), VEGF-D (p=0.010), and VEGFR1 (p=0.046). In univariate survival analysis, low epithelial expression of VEGF-A in primary tumors was associated with poor prognosis (p=0.024), and short progression-free survival was associated with high VEGF-C (p=0.034) and low VEGFR3 (p=0.002). The relative expressions of VEGF-D, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 mRNA determined by qRT-PCR analyses were significantly correlated with the immunohistochemically detected levels of these proteins in primary high grade serous ovarian cancer and metastases (p=0.004, p=0.009, p=0.015, and p=0.018, respectively).ConclusionsThe expressions of VEGF receptors and their ligands significantly differed between malignant ovarian tumors and paired distant metastases. VEGF-A, VEGF-D, and VEGFR1 protein expressions seem to be higher in distant metastases than in the primary high grade serous ovarian cancer lesions.