Reconstructing Coastal Sediment Budgets From Beach- and Foredune-Ridge Morphology: A Coupled Field and Modeling Approach

Preserved beach and foredune ridges may serve as proxies for coastal change, reflecting alterations in sea level, wave energy, or past sediment fluxes. In particular, time-varying shoreface sediment budgets have been inferred from the relative size of foredune ridges through application of radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating to these systems over the last decades. However, geochronological control requires extensive field investigation and analysis. Purely field-based studies might also overlook relationships between the mechanics of sediment delivery to the shoreface and foredune ridges, missing insights about sensitivity to changes in sediment budget. We therefore propose a simple geomorphic model of beach/foredune-ridge and swale morphology to quantify the magnitude of changes in cross-shore sediment budget, employing field measurements of ridge volume, ridge spacing, elevation, and shoreline progradation. Model behaviors are constrained by the partitioning of sediment fluxes to the shoreface and foredune ridge and can be used to reproduce several cross-shore patterns observed in nature. These include regularly spaced ridges (washboards), large singular ridges, and wide swales with poorly developed ridges. We evaluate our model against well-preserved ridge and swale systems at two sites along the Virginia Eastern Shore (USA): Fishing Point, for which historical records provide a detailed history of shoreline progradation and ridge growth, and Parramore Island, for which a relatively more complex morphology developed over a poorly constrained period of prehistoric growth. Our results suggest this new model could be used to infer the sensitivity of field sites across the globe to variations in sediment delivery. Plain Language Summary Understanding past change in the sediment budgets of coastal systems is expensive and time consuming, often missing crucial insights about sensitivity to future changes. In this study, we developed a model to reconstruct sediment delivery through time, using relationships describing the size and distribution of beach ridges relative to rate of shoreline advance. We tested our model against a field site with a detailed history of coastal evolution, later applying it to a location which largely developed in a prehistoric setting. Our results show that we can use field and remote measurements of beach ridges to model past rates of sediment delivery, providing insights into how future changes may affect the behavior of coastal systems.