Article
Respiratory System
Roger M. Engel, Katie de Luca, Petra L. Graham, Masoumeh Kaboli Farshchi, Subramanyam Vemulpad, Julie Byles
Summary: This study aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of developing COPD later in life in women who have never smoked. Retrospective analyses of data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were conducted, revealing that baseline breathing difficulties, asthma, and allergies were significant predictors of COPD in this population.
Article
Oncology
Shoshana Adler, Rowena Yip, Huiwen Chan, Qiang Cai, Yeqing Zhu, Natthaya Triphuridet, Andrew Kaufman, Emanuela Taioli, Raja Flores, Claudia Henschke, David F. Yankelevitz
Summary: This study investigates the difference of radiographic measures of tumor aggressiveness by smoking status in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The results show that never-smokers have lower median SUVmax and longer median VDT compared to smokers. However, when adjusting for age, sex, and tumor histology, there is no significant difference in SUVmax and VDT by smoking status. Smoking history does not influence VDT or PET SUVmax measures of lung cancer aggressiveness.
Article
Substance Abuse
Alemu Melka, Catherine Chojenta, Elizabeth Holliday, Deborah Loxton
Summary: This study in Australia found a positive association between e-cigarette use and subsequent smoking initiation among young women who had never smoked. Additionally, a history of depression, binge drinking, and higher childhood adversity scores were also identified as risk factors for smoking initiation.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Rahul Chandwani, Cole Brokamp, Hai Salfity, Sandra L. Starnes, Robert M. Van Haren
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between environmental exposures and lung cancer in patients who never smoked. The study found that environmental exposures were associated with disease survival in patients who never smoked, and they had higher socioeconomic status. Therefore, reducing environmental exposures may help improve lung cancer survival in this population.
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Melissa R. Riester, Yalin Deng, Andrew R. Zullo
Summary: In a national cohort study of older adults in US nursing homes from 2013 to 2017, it was found that 66.2% of the residents were prescribed at least 1 antibiotic during their stay. The most common antibiotic classes were fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides and related agents, and first-generation cephalosporins. Levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were the most prevalent antibiotics. These findings provide valuable information for improving antibiotic prescribing practices and reducing adverse outcomes in nursing homes.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Seung Cheol Ha, Dong Kyu Lee, Yeonjoo Choi, Woo Seok Kang, Joong Ho Ahn, Jong Woo Chung, Hong Ju Park
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term educational and occupational status of prelingually bilateral deaf children who received a cochlear implant (CI) before the age of 7, and to identify factors that influence these outcomes. The results showed that the age at CI surgery had a negative correlation with word recognition scores (WRS). All subjects had obtained at least a high school education, with general high school graduates having higher WRS than those who attended special education high school. The college entrance rate of CI patients was comparable to that of the general population, and those who went to college had significantly better WRS. Excluding those currently enrolled in college, the majority of subjects were currently employed, with vocational training institutes and special recruitment policies playing a significant role in their employment.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Aaron Sussell, Cora Peterson, Jia Li, Arialdi Minino, Kenneth A. Scott, Deborah M. Stone
Summary: The suicide rate among the U.S. working-age population has increased by 33% in the last two decades. The CDC analyzed suicide deaths by industry and occupation and found that certain industries and occupations have higher suicide rates. They suggest integrating suicide prevention strategies into existing workplace policies.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Anna Kerpel-Fronius, Martin Tammemagi, Milena Cavic, Claudia Henschke, Long Jiang, Ella Kazerooni, Choon-Taek Lee, Luigi Ventura, Dawei Yang, Stephen Lam, Rudolf M. Huber
Summary: The feasibility and effectiveness of lung cancer screening for individuals who never smoked are uncertain due to current screening guidelines typically excluding this group. Evaluation in each country considering various factors, including risk assessment accuracy and cost-effectiveness, is necessary. Current evidence supporting widespread implementation of screening for never smokers is lacking.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Education, Special
So Sin Sim, Helen Bourke-Taylor, Ellie Fossey, Mong-lin Yu
Summary: This study examined the everyday occupations of East Asian mothers who have children with disabilities and found that their activities were influenced by cultural values. The results underscored the importance of cultural awareness and sensitivity when supporting East Asian mothers and their families.
RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Isa Amalie Olofsson, Katrine Falkenberg, Jes Olesen, Thomas Folkmann Hansen
Summary: The study found that men who have never experienced a headache develop a headache when provoked with nitric oxide, suggesting that their immunity to headache is not related to the nitric oxide pathway.
Article
Plant Sciences
Meinan Wang, Anmin Wan, Xianming Chen
Summary: In this study, 1,567 isolates of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici collected from the United States between 2013 and 2017 were tested for virulence. The study identified 72 races, including 20 new races. The frequencies of these races varied in different years and regions. The findings provide valuable insights into the evolution of the pathogen and the development of resistant wheat cultivars.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Isa Amalie Olofsson, Jeppe Hvedstrup, Katrine Falkenberg, Mona Ameri Chalmer, Henrik Winther Schytz, Miguel Benjamin Pedersen, Henrik Ullum, Ole Birger Pedersen, Jes Olesen, Thomas Folkmann Hansen
Summary: The study demonstrates that the absence of headaches does not indicate a lower general pain sensitivity, suggesting that headaches may be caused by specific mechanisms related to primary disorders rather than a decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli.
JOURNAL OF HEADACHE AND PAIN
(2021)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Frederick Q. Lu, Amresh D. Hanchate, Michael K. Paasche-Orlow
Summary: Previous research indicates that Black and Hispanic patients experience longer wait times in the emergency department compared to White patients. Despite minority patients being less likely to wait to be seen, they end up waiting longer if not seen promptly. The disparities in emergency department wait times persist for African American, Hispanic, and Asian patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Shilpa N. Patel, Brian P. Emerson, Marc A. Pitasi, Natalie E. Tripp, Ruthanne Marcus, Kevin P. Delaney, Pollyanna R. Chavez
Summary: The federal Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. (EHE) initiative focuses on 57 prioritized areas. However, a majority of US adults have never been tested for HIV, especially among certain age groups, non-Hispanic white individuals, and those living in the Midwest. The preference for HIV testing among those who have never been tested is mainly in clinical settings.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
J. Nicholas Bodor, Jyoti D. Patel, Heather A. Wakelee, Benjamin P. Levy, Hossein Borghaei, Bruna Pellini, Michael R. Costello, Jonathan E. Dowell, Gene Finley, Chao H. Huang, Joel W. Neal, Jorge J. Nieva, Sonam Puri, Mark A. Socinski, Christian Thomas, Eric A. Ross, Samuel Litwin, Margie L. Clapper, Joseph Treat
Summary: This ongoing trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of adding atezolizumab to the combination of carboplatin, pemetrexed, and bevacizumab in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer who have never smoked or have tumors with sensitizing EGFR alterations.
CLINICAL LUNG CANCER
(2023)
