Using CuO nanoparticles and hyperthermia in radiotherapy of MCF-7 cell line: synergistic effect in cancer therapy

The aim of this paper was examining the combined impacts of CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs), hyperthermia (H), and irradiation (R) on an increment of MCF-7 cells. The MTT assay was employed to assess the antiproliferative effects of CuO NPs (25, 50, and 100 mu g/ml), hyperthermia (41 degrees C for 1 h), and irradiation (200 cGy). Moreover, the perniciousness was estimated through the survival capability of cells, and apoptosis, ROS production, and levels of caspase-3, -8 and -9 proteins were determined. A significant (p < .01) decrease in proliferation index (0.124 +/- 0.021), a significant (p < .01) increase in apoptosis (42% +/- 1.54) of MCF7 cells, a significant (p < .03) increase in ROS formation (32.16 +/- 1.9) and a significant (p < .01) increase in LDH release (33.28 +/- 1.56) were recorded in the adjacency of MCF-7 cells by a combination of CuO NPs (100 mu g/ml) and R + H compared to control and other treatments. The activities of caspase-3 (0.33 +/- 0.014) and caspase-9 (0.389 +/- 0.019) also increased significantly (p < .05). However, caspase-8 showed no significant changes in its activity (p = .065). Based on these observations, a combination of CuO NPs, hyperthermia, and irradiation could suppress the growth of MCF-7 cells and evoke cell apoptosis via mitochondrial membrane potential.