Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shaogang Zhang, Yilong Huang, Long Shi, Bin Lin, Xianbin Li, Yujian Wu, Jinhui Wang
Summary: The study found that the fly-wing smoke screen effectively prevents smoke exhaust and guides it towards ventilation shafts, improving exhaust efficiency. An optimal included angle of 60 to 120 degrees successfully prevents smoke penetration. The practical application of the fly-wing smoke screen in engineering projects is expected to yield positive results in urban tunnels.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Liang Yi, Shihan Lan, Xiaofei Wang, Rongwei Bu, Yang Zhou
Summary: A series of numerical simulations and experiments were conducted to investigate the smoke back-layering in a tilted tunnel with a vertical shaft, concluding different smoke exhaust modes and dimensionless relationships. The study found that the back-layering length is related to the fire source location and tunnel slope, with less dependency on the shaft height.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Shaogang Zhang, Shanshan Liao, Long Shi, Bin Lin, Jiahao Liu, Jinhui Wang
Summary: This study investigated the smoke extraction enhancement of vertical shaft in urban road tunnel caused by smoke screen through numerical simulations. The results showed that the separating distance between the shaft vent and smoke screen significantly influenced the smoke temperature distribution and extraction efficiency.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wuxuan Pan, Zhengwei Long, Chongfang Song, Yonggang Lei
Summary: Natural ventilation is an effective method to improve indoor air quality, and single-sided natural ventilation is commonly used in residential buildings. This study conducted site experiments and analyzed the unsteady characteristics of airflow based on 3D wind speed series. Through experimental verification, large-eddy simulation was applied to calculate the indoor-outdoor flow field of urban building groups. The results showed that the window flow field varied continuously and the outflow was irregular when the entrance boundary was constant. The natural ventilation efficiency was 42% when the incoming flow was almost parallel to the window. The discrete wind speed inlet boundary was found to be more suitable for simulating natural ventilation in real building environments compared to the average wind speed boundary and the average wind speed superposition with ±10% disturbance.
INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Bin Lu, Qiusheng Li
Summary: This study evaluates air ventilation and thermal stress in a subtropical urban area in Hong Kong using large eddy simulation with consideration of stable, neutral, and unstable stratification. It finds that the traditional assumption of neutral atmosphere may lead to errors in assessing ventilation and heat stress, underestimating ventilation capacity and overestimating heat stress. The study also highlights the influence of ground coverage ratio on urban ventilation and thermal stress, with correlations weakening under unstable conditions, while frontal area ratio has little impact.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
C. Hirose, N. Ikegaya, A. Hagishima, J. Tanimoto
Summary: This study characterized indoor airflow and occupants' thermal sensations in a cross-ventilated building model sheltered by cube arrays based on large-eddy simulations. Four ventilation models with different openings and block arrangements were examined to understand the effects on wind speed deviations, ventilation rate estimation accuracy, and predicted thermal comfort indices. The study found significant differences in airflow distribution at openings under various conditions, impacting ventilation rate estimations and thermal comfort assessments.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Haiyong Cong, Mingshu Bi, Jingjie Ren, Bei Li, Yubo Bi, Wei Gao
Summary: In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the effectiveness and stable heat extraction performance of a board-coupled shaft (BCS) in deep buried tunnels. The results showed that the BCS was effective and had stable heat extraction performance. This study provided empirical correlations and an analytical solution for predicting temperature difference and heat extraction rate in the BCS under different conditions. It contributes positively to the application of natural ventilation with vertical shafts in deep buried tunnels.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jiachao Dong, Xin Wang, Qian Bai, Wen Zhao
Summary: Existing railways cannot meet transportation requirements and it is necessary to expand old tunnels. However, the presence of ventilation shafts adds risks to the expansion process. This study analyzed the changes in tangential stress and displacement during the expansion process using field monitoring and numerical simulation. The results show that as one approaches the tunnel face, the tangential stress in certain sections increases while in others it decreases. The distance of the tunnel expansion’s influence on tangential stress ranges from 0.91 to 1.45 times the tunnel span.
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Ferenc Szodrai
Summary: Nowadays, computational fluid dynamics is helping ventilation system designers and architects understand the flow behavior in the indoor environment. Large-eddy simulation is a novel methodology used for these assessments. Adequate discretization of the computational domain and consideration of cell size requirements are key factors for successful simulations.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhuyu Shao, Haiyong Cong, Mingshu Bi, Yubo Bi, Xuemeng Mu, Bin Zhu, Ziqi Yuan, Xishi Wang
Summary: A total of 42 simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of buried depth and board locations on the smoke extraction performance of board-coupled shaft (BCS). The results demonstrated that BCS has better smoke extraction performance than traditional shaft when the buried depth is large enough (> 10 m). The smoke extraction performance of BCS is influenced by both buried depth and board locations for shaft heights less than 10 m, but mainly by board position for shaft heights larger than 30 m. The BCS can achieve up to 65.5% improvement in smoke extraction performance compared to traditional shaft at a shaft height of 10 m. Additionally, a semi-empirical equation was developed to predict the correlation between non-dimensional volume flow rate and buried depth. These findings provide guidance for expanding the application scenarios of shafts and offer technical support.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shengzhong Zhao, Lin Xu, Imad Obadi, Fei Wang, Fang Liu, Miaocheng Weng
Summary: The ventilation performance and plug-holing phenomenon of vertical shaft in tunnel fires were analyzed through numerical simulations, revealing that shaft length and height have significant impacts on ventilation efficiency and plug-holing height, with plug-holing height being more sensitive to shaft length but less sensitive to shaft height. In car fire scenarios, the occurrence of complete plug-holing can be determined by checking if the dimensionless plug-holing height meets a specific critical value.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chia-Ren Chu, Zih-Yun Su
Summary: Most underground parking garages use mechanical ventilation systems which consume a lot of energy, but incorporating natural ventilation can reduce their electricity consumption. This study investigates natural ventilation and carbon monoxide (CO) transport in underground garages without mechanical ventilation using wind tunnel experiments, simulation models, and time-scale analysis. The garage with a ramped driveway and a vertical ventilation shaft has the highest ventilation rate and fastest decay rate of CO. Windcatchers can enhance natural ventilation when their opening is perpendicular to the wind direction. Garages with only vertical ventilation shafts have the lowest natural ventilation rate, but diagonal ventilation shafts can effectively remove air contaminants accumulated in the corners. The building above the garage can increase natural ventilation by increasing the pressure difference between the windward and leeward openings.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yongdong Wang, Pengxin Du, Yuanyuan Chen, Sihao Hua, Jie Wang, Chen Shi, Kai Liu
Summary: In this study, a complementary ventilation system is applied to the shaft segmented longitudinal ventilation mode to form the mixed ventilation mode of the complementary combined ventilation shaft. The mixed ventilation formula is derived based on the tunnel ventilation theory, and the design process of tunnel ventilation is combined to determine the design parameters and analyze the conditions of the mixed ventilation mode. Compared with the conventional segmented longitudinal ventilation mode, the mixed ventilation mode effectively improves the utilization rate of traffic wind and reduces energy consumption. It also reduces the civil construction scale and investment cost.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tobias Gronemeier, Kerstin Surm, Frank Harms, Bernd Leitl, Bjoern Maronga, Siegfried Raasch
Summary: The study demonstrates the capability of the PALM model system version 6.0 in simulating neutrally stratified urban boundary layers, using real-world building configurations of the HafenCity area in Hamburg, Germany. Comparison with wind-tunnel measurements shows good agreement in mean wind speed and wind direction, with slight deviations near insufficiently resolved building surfaces. Improvements in grid layout and utilization of PALM's features like grid nesting and immersed boundary condition are discussed to enhance simulation results.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bo Wu, Rui Zhao, Guowang Meng, Shixiang Xu, Weixing Qiu, Huihao Chen
Summary: This study used CFD method to analyze the flow field characteristics at the junction of the inclined shaft and tunnel in high-altitude tunnels, and discussed the effects of different fan opening modes and initial CO concentration distributions on the ventilation. The results showed that eliminating vortex zones and fully utilizing high velocity airflow could improve ventilation efficiency. A two-stage ventilation scheme was proposed to reduce energy consumption.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Y. Yu, K. C. S. Kwok, X. P. Liu, Y. Zhang
JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS
(2017)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chuangang Fan, Jian Chen, Yang Zhou, Xiaoping Liu
FIRE AND MATERIALS
(2018)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
J. H. Wang, J. L. Niu, X. P. Liu, C. W. F. Yu
INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2010)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chuangang Fan, Li Zhang, Shucheng Jiao, Zhiwei Yang, Manhou Li, Xiaoping Liu
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qin Liu, Changfa Tao, Peng Wang, Shun Meng, Xiaoping Liu, Peixiang He
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2019)
Article
Thermodynamics
Changfa Tao, Guangyu Li, Jianbo Zhao, Guang Chen, Zhigang Wang, Yejian Qian, Xiaozhang Cheng, Xiaoping Liu
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaoping Liu, Zhen Peng, Xianghua Liu, Rui Zhou
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2020)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiaoping Liu, Mei Wu, Ziying An, Tao Chen
Summary: This paper numerically studies the characteristics of air cross-contamination around a high-rise building under the combined effect of wind and buoyancy. By constructing a typical multi-unit building model and quantitatively evaluating the risks of air contaminant building ingress under various environmental conditions, it is found that air cross-contamination is an important route with reentry ratios reaching 10.0%, highlighting its significance in the prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaoping Liu, Guangwei Zhang, Mei Wu, Zhengwei Wu
Summary: This study established a full-scale storage tank to investigate the potential risks of leakage accidents. Leakage scenarios close to real accidents were developed, and the ambient areas were divided according to regulations. The results showed that the combined effect of source release intensity and ambient wind speed influenced dispersion features. The study also evaluated environmental hazards under various leak scenarios.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mei Wu, Guang-Wei Zhang, Zi-Ying An, Xiao-Ping Liu
Summary: This study used Building Information Model technology to construct a typical residential building model in rural areas of southern China. By employing Computational Fluid Dynamic methods, the model was used to simulate the dispersion of hazardous gas after a leak accident. A dose-response model combined with probit function analysis was used to quantify the exposure risks for different scenarios. The study also analyzed the impact of source location and ventilation path on dispersion characteristics.
INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Pei Zhou, Songjie Wang, Jintao Zhou, Syed Asad Hussain, Xiaoping Liu, Jiajia Gao, Gongsheng Huang
Summary: In traditional air conditioning control strategies, the temperature distribution is assumed to be homogeneous, but this study proposes a zonal temperature control strategy with a thermal coupling effect, which can improve temperature control precision in large open spaces and save energy.
BUILDING SIMULATION
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Mei Wu, Guangwei Zhang, Liping Wang, Xiaoping Liu, Zhengwei Wu
Summary: With the rapid growth of populations worldwide, air quality has become a crucial concern for the health and safety of city inhabitants. Various factors, including environmental conditions, building geometries, and source characteristics, contribute to urban air pollution. The coupling effect of wind and buoyancy on the urban environment is a current research hotspot.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yang Luo, Xiaofeng Yue, Hongli Zhang, Xiaoping Liu, Zhengwei Wu
Summary: Efforts to develop efficient methods for converting carbon dioxide have gained increasing interest. Non-thermal plasma technology shows potential but has underwhelming energy efficiency. A comprehensive analysis of past research results is crucial for proposing effective energy-saving schemes.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Pei Zhou, Songjie Wang, Zhao Jin, Gongsheng Huang, Jian Zhu, Xiaoping Liu
Summary: This study utilized a wireless sensor network to monitor indoor environmental parameters and compared the accuracy of different algorithms for data reconstruction. The effectiveness of zonal demand control method was validated through simulation experiments, which can improve thermal comfort and energy efficiency.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhi Ding, Xiao Zhang, Shao-Heng He, Yong-Jie Qi, Cun-Gang Lin
Summary: This study investigates the longitudinal behavior of a shield tunnel by designing and constructing a reduced-size indoor model. The results show that the longitudinal settlement of the tunnel follows a normal distribution, with the maximum settlement occurring at the central ring and increasing linearly with the applied load. Stress concentration typically occurs on the side of the tunnel waist under surcharge, resulting in transverse elliptical deformation of the entire structure.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lucia Lopez-de-Abajo, Marcos G. Alberti, Jaime C. Galvez
Summary: Assessing and predicting concrete damage is crucial for infrastructure management. This study quantifies gas concentrations in urban tunnels to achieve this goal.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chao He, Yinghao Cai, Chenqiang Pu, Shunhua Zhou, Honggui Di, Xiaohui Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of river channel excavation on adjacent metro tunnels and proposes protective measures based on an engineering project in Fuzhou, China. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed to calculate the displacements and distortion of tunnels under different excavation sequences and soil reinforcement measures. Real-time monitoring confirms that the vertical displacements and diametrical distortion of tunnels are primarily caused by the excavation of the river above the tunnels, while horizontal displacements are induced by the excavation next to the tunnels. The study recommends a combination of cement slurry with a portal form and concrete with a plate form for soil reinforcement and tunnel protection.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yaosheng Liu, Ang Li, Feng Dai, Ruochen Jiang, Yi Liu, Rui Chen
Summary: In this study, a hybrid model based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and meta-heuristic algorithms was developed to improve blast performance during tunnel excavation. Precise prediction of post-blasting indicators was important for optimization, and a comparison of meta-heuristic algorithms was conducted to find the most suitable model. The results showed that the developed model effectively reduces overbreak areas and quantitatively analyzes the influence of geological conditions.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiang Shen, Yifan Chen, Liqiang Cao, Xiangsheng Chen, Yanbin Fu, Chengyu Hong
Summary: In this paper, a machine learning-based method for predicting the slurry pressure in shield tunnel construction is proposed. By considering the influence of fault fracture zones and setting the formation influence coefficient, the accuracy of the prediction is significantly improved.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shuying Wang, Zihao Zhou, Xiangcou Zheng, Jiazheng Zhong, Tengyue Zheng, Changhao Qi
Summary: A real-time assessment and monitoring approach based on laser scanning technology and point cloud data analysis was proposed to address the hysteresis in assessing the workability of conditioned soils and the inefficiency in estimating the soil volume flow rate in tunnelling practice. The approach was successfully applied in identifying the workability of conditioned soil and its discharge rate in the EPB shield tunnelling project.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Peng Jiang, Benchao Liu, Yuting Tang, Zhengyu Liu, Yonghao Pang
Summary: This study introduces a novel deep learning-based electrical method that jointly inverses resistivity and chargeability to estimate water-bearing structures and water volume. Compared with traditional linear inversion methods, the proposed method demonstrates superiority in locating and delineating anomalous bodies, reducing solution multiplicity.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Haoyu Mao, Nuwen Xu, Zhong Zhou, Chun Sha, Peiwei Xiao, Biao Li
Summary: The study focuses on the delineation of rock mass damage zones and stability analysis of underground powerhouse in Lianghekou hydropower station. ESG monitoring system is used to monitor the inner micro-fracture activity of surrounding rock mass in real-time. Engineering analogy method is adopted to forecast the deformation period of surrounding rock mass and analyze the variation characteristics of seismic source parameters. The research results provide references for similar deep underground excavation engineering in terms of design and construction.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Junling Qiu, Dedi Liu, Kai Zhao, Jinxing Lai, Xiuling Wang, Zhichao Wang, Tong Liu
Summary: This study focuses on the construction surface cracks of large cross-section tunnels in loess strata of China. The mechanism of surface crack formation is analyzed, and factors such as settlement deformation, construction scheme, and surrounding soil environment are identified as the main contributors. Numerical simulations were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the influence of factors on surface cracks in loess tunnel construction. Specific measures for prevention and treatment of construction surface cracks are proposed to provide new ideas for surface crack control in loess tunnels.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ting Shang, Jiaxin Lu, Ying Luo, Song Wang, Zhengyu He, Aobo Wang
Summary: The study reveals significant variations in car-following behavior across different types of tunnels and consecutive sections of the same tunnel. As tunnel length increases, the driving stability of following vehicles decreases, but the level of driving safety risk is not positively correlated with tunnel length. Significant vehicle trajectory oscillation is observed within the inner sections of long and extra-long tunnels, and a significant relationship between the acceleration of following vehicles and the location within the tunnel section is found.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Rusi Zeng, Zhongwei Shen, Jun Luo
Summary: The urban underground complexes (UUCs) in China have been effective in solving urban problems, but users have expressed dissatisfaction with the internal physical environment. Personal characteristics and environmental factors play significant roles in determining users' satisfaction.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Gabriel Lehmann, Heiko Kaeling, Sebastian Hoch, Kurosch Thuro
Summary: Analysing and predicting the advance rate of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) in hard rock is important for tunnelling projects. This study focuses on small-diameter TBMs and their unique characteristics, such as insufficient geotechnical information and special machine designs. A database of 37 projects with 70 geotechnically homogeneous areas is compiled to investigate the performance of small-diameter TBMs. The analysis shows that segment lining TBMs have higher penetration rates, and new approaches for the penetration prediction of pipe jacking machines in hard rock are proposed.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ting Ren, Ming Qiao, Jon Roberts, Jennifer Hines, Yang-Wai Chow, Wei Zong, Adrian Sugden, Mark Shepherd, Matthew Farrelly, Gareth Kennedy, Faisal Hai, Willy Susilo
Summary: Long-term exposure to coal and silica dust during underground tunnelling operations is a growing concern. To bridge the gap between knowledge in dust exposure monitoring and frontline workers, a virtual reality educational tool was developed to visualize ventilation and dust flow characteristics. This tool allows workers to better understand decision-making and best practices for dust controls.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Dong Lin, Zhipeng Zhou, Miaocheng Weng, Wout Broere, Jianqiang Cui
Summary: Metro systems play a vital role in the transportation, economic, environmental and social aspects of cities. The uncertainties in construction, passenger comfort and safety, as well as efficiency and reliability of the metro system, have been widely studied. Metro systems influence urban development and have a positive impact on housing prices, public health, and environmental quality. Further research is needed to fill the research gaps and make recommendations for future studies.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wei Yu, Bo Wang, Xin Zi, Jie Dong
Summary: In this study, a whole-process analytical theory for the coupled deformation of deep circular tunnel surrounding rock and prestressed yielding anchor bolt (cable) system is derived and validated through numerical simulations. The results show that anchor bolts (cables) can significantly reduce the convergence of surrounding rock, and factors such as support timing and anchor cable length have important effects on the support effectiveness.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)