Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Yoav Yair, Melody Korman, Colin Price, Eytan Stibbe
Summary: The ILAN-ES experiment was conducted by Israeli astronaut Eytan Stibbe in April 2022 to manually record lightning and transient luminous events from the ISS using a Nikon D6 camera. The mission yielded a total of 45 TLEs, including sprites, Elves, and Blue Corona Discharges.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
D. Mashao, M. Kosch, M. Fullekrug, M. Ivchenko
Summary: This study presents the first 3D triangulation of Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) over Africa. Six TLEs were observed simultaneously in the middle atmosphere from Sutherland and Carnarvon in South Africa. The TLEs appeared at a distance of approximately 12.5 to 49.3 km from their parent lightning strokes, with altitudes ranging from 29 to 92.6 km. The lightning electric field and peak current may be associated with the displacement and horizontal spread of TLEs.
ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
F. J. Gordillo-Vazquez, F. J. Perez-Invernon
Summary: This paper presents the research progress of atmospheric electricity over the past 30 years, discussing the various transient electrical discharges produced by lightning and their impact on atmospheric chemistry. The study concludes that certain types of electrical discharges like sprites, blue jets, blue starters, and impulsive cloud corona discharges may have a significant impact on atmospheric chemistry, particularly in the generation of greenhouse gases.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chen Xu, Xiushu Qie, Zhuling Sun, Jing Yang, Hongbo Zhang, Alfred Bing-Chih Chen
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between transient luminous events (TLEs) and lightning strokes. It found that in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, elves, sprites, and halos (ESHs) were dominant, while in the Yangtze-River Delta, sprites were mostly detected. The occurrence seasons also varied.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Reza Janalizadeh, Victor P. Pasko
Summary: The study analyzes the experimental setup of Rayment and Moruzzi (1978) regarding the reaction of O- with N-2, finding that vibrationally excited N-2 may have contaminated the results, requiring corrections to the theoretical approach and pointing out inconsistencies in the rate calculations. The requirement of vibrationally excited N-2 for the reaction indicates that it may only occur in later stages of discharge, suggesting the need for controlled experiments to reconcile existing literature.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shruti Setty, Margot J. Cramwinckel, Egbert H. van Nes, Ingrid A. van de Leemput, Henk A. Dijkstra, Lucas J. Lourens, Marten Scheffer, Appy Sluijs
Summary: In this study, we analyze climate and carbon cycle indicators from marine sediments to investigate three major punctuated events during the late Paleocene-early Eocene warming. The results suggest that these events were triggered by climate-driven carbon cycle tipping points, and there is an intensifying coupling between the carbon cycle and climate during the long-term warming trend.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nicholas M. Sorabella, Silas G. T. Laycock, Liam J. Neeley, Dimitris M. Christodoulou, Sayantan Bhattacharya
Summary: We report on observations of four asteroid-crossing events detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, which appear as self-lensing pulses from binary systems involving main-sequence stars and black holes or neutron stars as companions. The observed flux changes and event durations are consistent with self-lensing pulses if the compact-object mass is greater than 2 solar masses and the transit is not perfectly aligned. We examine the relationship between the physical characteristics of these asteroid crossings and the parameters derived from our self-lensing model fits. As the search for new self-lensing systems continues, we caution observers about false-positive signals imitating genuine self-lensing pulses.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Pak-wai Chan, Wei Han, Betty Mak, Xiaohao Qin, Yongzhu Liu, Ruoying Yin, Jincheng Wang
Summary: Forecasting tropical cyclone track and intensity is challenging due to the lack of ocean observations. The meteorological authorities of Chinese mainland and Hong Kong conducted a ground-space-sky observing system experiment and collected enhanced targeted observation data. Similar observation campaigns could be conducted in other ocean basins in the future.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Amrich, S. Mackovjak, I Strharsky, J. Balaz, M. Hancikovsky
Summary: This project focuses on designing and constructing hardware to record Transient Luminous Events and developing software to control the hardware for image processing. The final product has been installed at the Astronomical Observatory in Slovakia, with plans to expand the observation network in the future.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2021)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
E. A. Sosnin, N. Yu Babaeva, V. Yu Kozhevnikov, A. Kozyrev, G. Naidis, V. A. Panarin, V. S. Skakun, V. F. Tarasenko
Summary: The phenomenon of the formation of an extended luminous structure at the bend of the channel of a high-voltage pulse discharge, known as apokamp, is described in the article along with the necessary conditions for its formation. Experimental and theoretical studies have shown that apokamp is a narrow streamer channel that propagates at speeds depending on voltage, pressure, and gas type. Similarities between apokamps and blue jets have been revealed in the research.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Thomas W-S Holoien, Jack M. M. Neustadt, Patrick J. Vallely, Katie Auchettl, Jason T. Hinkle, Cristina Romero-Canizales, Benjamin J. Shappee, Christopher S. Kochanek, K. Z. Stanek, Ping Chen, Subo Dong, Jose L. Prieto, Todd A. Thompson, Thomas G. Brink, Alexei Filippenko, WeiKang Zheng, David Bersier, Subhash Bose, Adam J. Burgasser, Sanyum Channa, Thomas de Jaeger, Julia Hestenes, Myungshin Im, Benjamin Jeffers, Hyunsung D. Jun, George Lansbury, Richard S. Post, Timothy W. Ross, Daniel Stern, Kevin Tang, Michael A. Tucker, Stefano Valenti, Sameen Yunus, Keto D. Zhang
Summary: In this study, we present observations of the extremely luminous but ambiguous nuclear transient ASASSN-17jz, which lasted for approximately 1200 days. The transient showed high brightness and ongoing ultraviolet emission, accompanied by increasing and softening X-ray emission. Our findings suggest that ASASSN-17jz is most likely a SN IIn occurring in or near an existing active galactic nucleus, and the late-time emission is caused by the AGN transitioning to a more active state.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Guokun Lyu, Armin Koehl, Nuno Serra, Detlef Stammer
Summary: This study used Arctic Ocean Observing System Simulation Experiments to assess the impacts of assimilating different observations on the Arctic ocean-sea ice state. It found that the sea ice state was significantly improved, but the ocean state was not well constrained by the existing hydrographic observing system. Additional ocean profiling arrays and mooring data can help improve the estimation of ocean temperature and other parameters.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ashot Chilingarian, Gagik Hovsepyan, Tigran Karapetyan, Balabek Sargsyan, Ekaterina Svechnikova
Summary: This article presents and discusses transient luminous events (TLEs) in the lower atmosphere, which are observed during large disturbances of the near-surface electric fields (NSEF) and coincide with large enhancements of the particle fluxes (thunderstorm ground enhancements-TGEs). The study reveals that the maximum energy of TGE particles can reach a considerable value, even at large distances from the strongest electric field region.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Nicholas S. Shuman, Thomas M. Miller, Shaun G. Ard, Albert A. Viggiano
Summary: This study measures the rate constants of the reactions O- + N2 -> N2O + e- and e- + N2O -> O- + N2 at different temperatures, and calculates the potential surfaces and vibrational-state specific rate constants. The rate constants for O- + N2 are smaller than previously reported, likely due to non-thermal product distributions. This research has significant implications for modeling transient luminous events in the mesosphere.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Joe S. Bright, Raffaella Margutti, David Matthews, Daniel Brethauer, Deanne Coppejans, Mark H. Wieringa, Brian D. Metzger, Lindsay DeMarchi, Tanmoy Laskar, Charles Romero, Kate D. Alexander, Assaf Horesh, Giulia Migliori, Ryan Chornock, E. Berger, Michael Bietenholz, Mark J. Devlin, Simon R. Dicker, W. Jacobson-Galan, Brian S. Mason, Dan Milisavljevic, Sara E. Motta, Tony Mroczkowski, Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz, Lauren Rhodes, Craig L. Sarazin, Itai Sfaradi, Jonathan Sievers
Summary: We conducted multiwavelength observations of the high-redshift fast blue optical transient AT 2020xnd, finding strong radio emission and rapidly fading X-ray emission, which show similarities to AT 2018cow and are possibly caused by the shock interaction with the environment. In addition, we detected X-ray emission that exceeds the extrapolated synchrotron spectrum, possibly powered by accretion onto a newly formed black hole or neutron star.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jesus A. Lopez, Joan Montanya, Oscar van der Velde, David Romero, Francisco J. Gordillo-Vazquez, Francisco J. Perez-Invernon, Alejandro Luque, Carlos Augusto Morales Rodriguez, Torsten Neubert, William Rison, Paul Krehbiel, Javier Navarro Gonzalez, Nikolai Ostgaard, Victor Reglero
Summary: This study investigates the initiation of four lightning flashes using ground and space observations, and identifies different initiation characteristics and radiation phenomena. The findings have important implications for understanding the initiation processes of lightning flashes.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Krystallia Dimitriadou, Olivier Chanrion, Torsten Neubert, Alain Protat, Valentin Louf, Matthias Heumesser, Lasse Husbjerg, Christoph Kohn, Nikolai Ostgaard, Victor Reglero
Summary: This study reports observations of corona discharges at the uppermost region of clouds, showing that they are present in various convective environments and may be common in convective surges.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Claire Mantel, Gisele Alves dos Reis Benatto, Adrian Alejo Santamaria Lancia, Sergiu Spataru, Peter Behrensdorff Poulsen, Soren Forchhammer
Summary: This article introduces image processing methods for reconstructing and calibrating contactless electroluminescence (EL) images obtained through laser line scanning for diagnostic purposes in photovoltaic modules. The methods focus on two outputs: a contactless conventional EL that is calibrated to correspond to electrically biased EL, and a contactless highlighted EL that emphasizes defect visualization. The results are evaluated through visual inspection and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) analysis.
IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2022)
Article
Acoustics
Randy Frans Fela, Nick Zacharov, Soren Forchhammer
Summary: The present study investigates the effectiveness of optimal experimental design (OED) in reducing the required effort for perceptual evaluation of immersive audiovisual quality. Comparing OED with classical full factorial design (FFD), the study finds that OED shows no significant difference in model performance compared to FFD. However, the I-optimal design with replicated points outperforms other designs. These findings open up new possibilities for more efficient assessment of perceptual quality.
JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. D. Caballero-Garcia, Rahul Gupta, S. B. Pandey, S. R. Oates, M. Marisaldi, A. Ramsli, Y-D Hu, A. J. Castro-Tirado, R. Sanchez-Ramirez, P. H. Connell, F. Christiansen, A. Kumar Ror, A. Aryan, J-M Bai, M. A. Castro-Tirado, Y-F Fan, E. Fernandez-Garcia, A. Kumar, A. Lindanger, A. Mezentsev, J. Navarro-Gonzalez, T. Neubert, N. Ostgaard, I. Perez-Garcia, V. Reglero, D. Sarria, T. R. Sun, D-R Xiong, J. Yang, Y-H Yang, B-B Zhang
Summary: We present detailed observations and analysis of GRB 210619B, a very bright and long gamma-ray burst. The energy-resolved prompt emission light curve shows a bright hard emission pulse followed by softer/longer pulses. Spectral analysis suggests a transition from thermal to non-thermal outflow. The late-time data supports a rare hard electron energy index.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Dongshuai Li, Alejandro Luque, F. J. Gordillo-Vazquez, F. J. Perez-Invernon, Lasse Skaaning Husbjerg, Torsten Neubert, Olivier Chanrion, Gaopeng Lu, Hongbo Zhang, Jing Han, Nikolai G. Lehtinen, Nikolai Ostgaard, Victor Reglero
Summary: In this study, different types of blue corona discharges associated with Narrow Bipolar Events (NBEs) were analyzed in detail using observations from the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor. Single- and multi-pulse blue corona discharges were both found to be correlated with positive NBEs at the top of thunderstorm clouds, with multi-pulse discharges having weaker currents than single-pulse discharges. The joint analysis of optical and radio observations estimated the photon free mean path at the cloud top to be around 6 m.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Torsten Neubert, Francisco J. Gordillo-Vazquez, Heidi Huntrieser
Summary: The International Space Station is an ideal platform for observing thunderstorms and their electrification. In the coming years, meteorological satellites in geostationary orbit and Earth-observing satellite instruments in both geostationary and low-Earth orbit will provide even more advanced observations. These new observations can greatly contribute to our understanding of thunderstorms' effects on atmospheric dynamics and climate change.
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Benjamin P. P. Weiss, Jose M. G. Merayo, Jodie B. B. Ream, Rona Oran, Peter Brauer, Corey J. J. Cochrane, Kyle Cloutier, Linda T. T. Elkins-Tanton, John L. L. Jorgensen, Clara Maurel, Ryan S. S. Park, Carol A. A. Polanskey, Maria de Soria Santacruz-Pich, Carol A. A. Raymond, Christopher T. T. Russell, Daniel Wenkert, Mark A. A. Wieczorek, Maria T. T. Zuber
Summary: The Psyche Magnetometry Investigation aims to test the hypothesis that asteroid (16) Psyche formed from a differentiated planetesimal. The instrument will measure the magnetic field around the asteroid to search for evidence of remanent magnetization. It consists of two three-axis fluxgate Sensor Units (SUs) mounted along a 2.15-m long boom, connected to Electronics Units (EUs) within the spacecraft bus. The Magnetometer will acquire data for the full duration of the mission to estimate Psyche's dipole moment.
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xue Bai, Martin Fullekrug, Olivier Chanrion, Serge Soula, Adam Peverell, Dakalo Mashao, Michael Kosch, Lasse Husbjerg, Nikolai Ostgaard, Torsten Neubert, Victor Reglero
Summary: Simultaneous photometric observations of thundercloud discharges from ASIM on the International Space Station and ground-based electric field measurements in South Africa were analyzed. A blue discharge with strong electric fields was recorded by ASIM during its flight over an extended thunderstorm front. The height of the blue discharge was estimated to be around 10.9-16.5 km based on the rising edge of the photomultiplier tube light pulse and was inferred to be around 16.0-18.8 km using skywave arrival times. The height determinations were found to be consistent with each other and the possibility of an overshooting cloud top was discussed. The height of blue discharges plays a significant role in understanding their impact on upper tropospheric chemistry.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Maja Tomicic, Olivier Chanrion, Thomas Farges, Janusz Mlynarczyk, Ivana Kolmasova, Serge Soula, Jeff Lapierre, Christoph Kohn, Torsten Neubert
Summary: Powerful lightning generates electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) and quasi-static electric fields (QE) that affect the lower ionosphere. These disturbances manifest as optical phenomena called elves, sprites, and halos, as well as changes in radio signals passing through the affected region. Through analyzing 63 elves and corresponding radio signal perturbations from a stationary thunderstorm system, this study untangles the relationship between the perturbations and lightning characteristics. The findings indicate that lightning with elves has three times the power and impulse charge moment change compared to lightning without elves. It is also proposed that some perturbations without optical emissions may be related to regions of reduced conductivity caused by electron attachment/detachment processes or dimly detected electron enhancements associated with transient luminous events (TLEs).
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Dongshuai Li, Torsten Neubert, Lasse Skaaning Husbjerg, Yanan Zhu, Olivier Chanrion, Jeff Lapierre, Alejandro Luque, Christoph Kohn, Matthias Heumesser, Krystallia Dimitriadou, Martin Stendel, Eigil Kaas, Emilie Petrea Petajamaa Wiinberg Olesen, Feifan Liu, Nikolai Ostgaard, Victor Reglero
Summary: Blue corona discharges, observed at the top of thunderclouds, were found to be associated with deep convection and increased lightning activity. This study provides important microphysical parameters related to blue corona discharges based on observations and measurements, establishing a reference for future studies.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
