Article
Psychology, Clinical
Paola Fuentes-Claramonte, Maria Angeles Garcia-Leon, Pilar Salgado-Pineda, Nuria Ramiro, Joan Soler-Vidal, Maria Llanos Torres, Ramon Cano, Isabel Argila-Plaza, Francesco Panicali, Carmen Sarri, Nuria Jaurrieta, Manel Sanchez, Ester Boix-Quintana, Auria Albacete, Teresa Maristany, Salvador Sarro, Joaquim Radua, Peter. J. McKenna, Raymond Salvador, Edith Pomarol-Clotet
Summary: The negative symptoms of schizophrenia may be due to reduced responsiveness to rewarding stimuli, which is associated with abnormal dopamine function in the disorder. However, few imaging studies have examined whether patients with negative symptoms show reduced activation related to reward prediction error (RPE). The findings suggest that negative symptoms are not caused by a generalized reduction in RPE signaling, but rather by specific dysfunction in the lateral frontal and possibly the orbitofrontal cortex.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Wei Lei, Kezhi Liu, Guangxiang Chen, Serenella Tolomeo, Cuizhen Liu, Zhenlei Peng, Boya Liu, Xuemei Liang, Chaohua Huang, Bo Xiang, Jia Zhou, Fulin Zhao, Rongjun Yu, Jing Chen
Summary: This study found that patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) have impaired reinforcement learning and blunted reward prediction error (RPE) signals in the brain reward system, as well as hyperconnectivity between regions of the reward system. These results suggest that reinforcement learning deficits may be crucial characteristics of IGD pathophysiology.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Yujun Deng, Da Song, Junjun Ni, Hong Qing, Zhenzhen Quan
Summary: Learning is a complex process where our opinions and decisions can be easily influenced by unexpected information. The neural mechanism underlying revision and correction during learning is still unclear.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Huw Jarvis, Isabelle Stevenson, Amy Q. Huynh, Emily Babbage, James Coxon, Trevor T. -J. Chong
Summary: Recent research suggests that the act of investing effort may influence learning. This study tested whether effort modulates teaching signals in a reinforcement learning paradigm. The results showed that effort resulted in more efficient learning from positive outcomes and less efficient learning from negative outcomes. Interestingly, this effect varied across individuals and was more pronounced in those who were more averse to investing effort in the first place. These findings highlight the importance of motivational factors in a common framework of reward-based learning, integrating the computational principles of reinforcement learning with those of value-based decision-making.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Xun Yang, Yuan Song, Yuhan Zou, Yilin Li, Jianguang Zeng
Summary: This study investigated the neural correlates of processing prediction error signals in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The results showed that schizophrenia patients exhibited increased activity in certain brain regions, such as the precentral gyrus and middle frontal gyrus, and reduced activity in the mesolimbic circuit when processing prediction errors. Additionally, abnormal activity was found in frontal areas and mesolimbic areas during encoding of prediction error signals in schizophrenia patients.
Review
Psychology, Biological
Laura Fassbender, Daniel Krause, Matthias Weigelt
Summary: This study highlights the significance of feedback processing in motor learning and compares it to the cognitive domain. The findings indicate that the FRN amplitude is higher and the latency is shorter in motor tasks, possibly due to higher task complexity and feedback ambiguity.
Article
Neurosciences
Cristian B. Calderon, Esther De Loof, Kate Ergo, Anna Snoeck, Carsten N. Boehler, Tom Verguts
Summary: Behavioral evidence suggests that reward prediction errors play a key role in episodic memory acquisition. In a novel task where RPEs were manipulated, fMRI results confirmed that signed RPEs are encoded in the ventral striatum and mediate their effects on episodic memory accuracy. Connectivity between processing areas and the hippocampus and ventral striatum increased with RPE value, supporting their central role in episodic memory formation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Zachary Adam Yaple, Serenella Tolomeo, Rongjun Yu
Summary: This study investigated prediction error processing in depression and schizophrenia patients through meta-analyses, finding differences in brain activity between the two patient groups, suggesting a potential role of dopamine-rich areas in encoding prediction errors in both disorders.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
A. Wiehler, K. Chakroun, J. Peters
Summary: Research suggests that individuals with gambling disorder show specific deficits in exploration strategy, possibly linked to altered processing in a fronto-parietal network and/or changes in dopamine neurotransmission in the midbrain.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Shuyuan Xu, Wei Ren
Summary: This study used electroencephalogram to investigate the neural correlates of state prediction errors (SPEs) in goal-directed reinforcement learning. The results suggest that the parietal correlate is responsible for explicit learning of state transition structure, while the frontal and central correlates may be involved in cognitive control.
Article
Neurosciences
Pyungwon Kang, Christopher J. Burke, Philippe N. Tobler, Grit Hein
Summary: Researchers found that people are less likely to learn from outgroup demonstrators compared to ingroup demonstrators. A computational model showed that participants relied less on information from outgroup actions, while learning from outgroup outcomes was not impaired. Neuroimaging revealed that differences in observational ingroup versus outgroup learning were reflected in lateral prefrontal activity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Insa Schlossmacher, Jacky Dilly, Ina Protmann, David Hofmann, Torge Dellert, Marie-Luise Roth-Paysen, Robert Moeck, Maximilian Bruchmann, Thomas Straube
Summary: This study investigated the hierarchical cortical structure of neural mismatch responses and found that the relative contributions of prediction error-related processes and adaptation processes vary across different brain regions.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Xiaoshu Zhou, Fei Zhu, Peiyao Zhao
Summary: The method of prediction based on uncertainty exploration (SPE) improves the quality of exploration and reduces noise interference in deep reinforcement learning, leading to significant improvements in simulated environments.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Qiang Shen, Shiguang Fu, Xiaoying Jiang, Xiaoyu Huang, Doudou Lin, Qingyan Xiao, Sitti Khadijah, Yaping Yan, Xiaoxing Xiong, Jia Jin, Richard P. Ebstein, Ting Xu, Yiquan Wang, Jun Feng
Summary: This study investigates the differences in learning behavior between adolescent depressive patients and healthy controls using an instrumental learning task. The results show that depressive patients perform worse, have slower learning rates, and exhibit pessimistic biases and counterfactual outcome biases. These biases are also linked with the severity of depressive symptoms.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
A. Santo-Angles, P. Fuentes-Claramonte, I Argila-Plaza, M. Guardiola-Ripoll, C. Almodovar-Paya, J. Munuera, P. J. McKenna, E. Pomarol-Clotet, J. Radua
Summary: The study proposed a model fitting approach that combines behavioral and neural data to fit computational models of reinforcement learning. Q-learning outperformed actor-critic models in both behavioral and neural levels, while incorporating neuroimaging data improved the fit of actor-critic models. The research observed action-value and state-value prediction error signals in the striatum, and identified a functional hemispheric asymmetry regarding prediction-error driven learning.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Peter Phalen, Zachary Millman, Pamela Rakhshan Rouhakhtar, Nicole Andorko, Gloria Reeves, Jason Schiffman
Summary: This study examined the relationship between categorical and dimensional measurements of psychosis severity in early psychosis. It found that dimensional symptom severity was more predictive of functioning than categorical risk status, suggesting that dimensional models may offer better predictive abilities for functional outcomes. Adopting a dimensional approach to the psychosis risk spectrum could lead to enhanced predictive models and a better theoretical understanding of early psychosis.
EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Qiong Wu, Xiaoqi Huang, Adam J. Culbreth, James A. Waltz, L. Elliot Hong, Shuo Chen
Summary: Group-level brain connectome analysis is of increasing interest in neuropsychiatric research to identify disease-related subnetworks. The likelihood-based ADSD model can extract disease-related subgraphs effectively, leading to the discovery of accurate latent connectomic subnetworks. This approach shows superior performance in schizophrenia research and synthetic data analysis.
Article
Psychiatry
Sonia Bansal, Gi-Yeul Bae, Benjamin M. Robinson, Britta Hahn, James Waltz, Molly Erickson, Pantelis Leptourgos, Phillip Corlett, Steven J. Luck, James M. Gold
Summary: The study found that patients with schizophrenia tend to overweight initial information over incoming sensory evidence, indicating deficits in very elementary perceptual updating may be a critical mechanism in psychosis.
Article
Neurosciences
Yunjiang Ge, Gang Chen, James A. Waltz, Liyi Elliot Hong, Peter Kochunov, Shuo Chen
Summary: This article introduces a new method called Integrated Cluster-wise significance Measure (ICM) for determining cluster-level significance in cluster-wise fMRI analysis. The proposed method integrates different factors to improve the power and control the false-positive error rate in cluster-wise inference.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Pantelis Leptourgos, Sonia Bansal, Jenna Dutterer, Adam Culbreth, Albert Powers, Praveen Suthaharan, Joshua Kenney, Molly Erickson, James Waltz, S. Andrea Wijtenburg, Frank Gaston, Laura M. Rowland, James Gold, Philip Corlett
Summary: This study suggests that patients with schizophrenia are more susceptible to hallucinatory effects and tend to overweight their prior beliefs. The research found a negative relationship between glutamate levels in the anterior insula and overweighting of prior beliefs.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Trevor F. Williams, Albert R. Powers, Lauren M. Ellman, Philip R. Corlett, Gregory P. Strauss, Jason Schiffman, James A. Waltz, Steven M. Silverstein, Scott W. Woods, Elaine F. Walker, James M. Gold, Vijay A. Mittal
Summary: The study examined the validity of self-report questionnaires in assessing psychosis risk and vulnerability, finding strong convergent validity across questionnaires but variable evidence for discriminant validity. Questionnaires showed evidence of criterion validity in relation to interviewer-assessed psychosis symptoms, with PQB demonstrating the strongest convergent correlations. Results on discriminant validity for specific positive symptoms varied, with some subscales showing limited specificity and others showing higher specificity. Only the PQB consistently showed significant correlations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Helen Baldwin, Joaquim Radua, Mathilde Antoniades, Shalaila S. Haas, Sophia Frangou, Ingrid Agartz, Paul Allen, Ole A. Andreassen, Kimberley Atkinson, Peter Bachman, Inmaculada Baeza, Cali F. Bartholomeusz, Michael W. L. Chee, Tiziano Colibazzi, Rebecca E. Cooper, Cheryl M. Corcoran, Vanessa L. Cropley, Bjorn H. Ebdrup, Adriana Fortea, Louise Birkedal Glenthoj, Holly K. Hamilton, Kristen M. Haut, Rebecca A. Hayes, Ying He, Karsten Heekeren, Michael Kaess, Kiyoto Kasai, Naoyuki Katagiri, Minah Kim, Jochen Kindler, Mallory J. Klaunig, Shinsuke Koike, Alex Koppel, Tina D. Kristensen, Yoo Bin Kwak, Jun Soo Kwon, Stephen M. Lawrie, Irina Lebedeva, Jimmy Lee, Ashleigh Lin, Rachel L. Loewy, Daniel H. Mathalon, Chantal Michel, Romina Mizrahi, Paul Moller, Barnaby Nelson, Takahiro Nemoto, Dorte Nordholm, Maria A. Omelchenko, Christos Pantelis, Jayachandra M. Raghava, Jan Rossberg, Wulf Roessler, Dean F. Salisbury, Daiki Sasabayashi, Ulrich Schall, Lukasz Smigielski, Gisela Sugranyes, Michio Suzuki, Tsutomu Takahashi, Christian K. Tamnes, Jinsong Tang, Anastasia Theodoridou, Sophia Thomopoulos, Alexander S. Tomyshev, Peter J. Uhlhaas, Tor G. Vaernes, Therese A. M. J. van Amelsvoort, Theo G. M. Van Erp, James A. Waltz, Lars T. Westlye, Stephen J. Wood, Juan H. Zhou, Philip McGuire, Paul M. Thompson, Maria Jalbrzikowski, Dennis Hernaus, Paolo Fusar-Poli
Summary: Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) show heterogeneity in neuroanatomical profiles, with significant differences in cortical surface area, cortical thickness, and subcortical volume compared to healthy controls. However, these profiles are not associated with the subsequent transition to psychosis.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Henry W. Chase, Robert C. Wilson, James A. Waltz
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
James A. Waltz
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY-COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Trevor F. Williams, Elaine F. Walker, Gregory P. Strauss, Scott W. Woods, Albert R. Powers, Philip R. Corlett, Jason Schiffman, James A. Waltz, James M. Gold, Steven M. Silverstein, Lauren M. Ellman, Richard E. Zinbarg, Vijay A. Mittal
Summary: This study aimed to validate the reliability and validity of the revised green paranoid thoughts scale (RGPTS) in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). The results showed that the RGPTS had a replicated two-factor structure and the associated reference and persecution scales were reliable. CHR individuals scored significantly higher on both reference and persecution, compared to healthy controls and clinical controls.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
A. J. Culbreth, E. K. Schwartz, M. J. Frank, E. C. Brown, Z. Xu, S. Chen, J. M. Gold, J. A. Waltz
Summary: This study found that patients with schizophrenia show reduced reward-seeking behavior and a bias toward loss avoidance learning. However, there was no significant difference in exploratory behavior between patients and controls. Perceptions of relative uncertainty were associated with activity in the rostrolateral prefrontal cortex.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
James M. Gold, Philip R. Corlett, Molly Erickson, James A. Waltz, Sharon August, Jenna Dutterer, Sonia Bansal
Summary: This study compared the experience of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in nonclinical voice hearers (NCVH) and people with schizophrenia (PSZ). The results showed that the AVH in NCVH and PSZ shared similar sensory features, but NCVH experienced less distress and had greater control over their AVH. NCVH also showed a wider range of unusual beliefs and reported fewer symptoms compared to PSZ such as paranoia, alterations in self-experience, cognitive deficits, and negative symptoms.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Erica L. Karp, Trevor F. Williams, Lauren M. Ellman, Gregory P. Strauss, Elaine F. Walker, Philip R. Corlett, Scott W. Woods, Albert R. Powers, James M. Gold, Jason E. Schiffman, James A. Waltz, Steven M. Silverstein, Vijay A. Mittal
Summary: This study investigated self-reported gesture interpretation and performance in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis, those with internalizing disorders, and healthy controls. The results showed that the clinical high-risk group had significantly lower scores in self-reported gesture interpretation compared to the other two groups, while there were no differences in gesture performance among the three groups. Within the clinical high-risk group, greater deficits in gesture performance were associated with lower verbal learning and memory, and gesture deficits were also linked to higher cross-sectional risk for conversion to a full psychotic disorder.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
James Waltz, Adam Culbreth, Pantelis Leptourgos, Sonia Bansal, Philip Corlett, Molly Erickson, James Gold
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Joseph S. DeLuca, Pamela Rakhshan Rouhakhtar, Mallory J. Klaunig, Leeann Akouri-Shan, Samantha Y. Jay, Therese L. Todd, Cansu Sarac, Nicole D. Andorko, Shaynna N. Herrera, Matthew F. Dobbs, Zarina R. Bilgrami, Emily Kline, Anne Brodsky, Rachel Jespersen, Yulia Landa, Cheryl Corcoran, Jason Schiffman
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review on the relationship between psychosis-like experiences (PLEs) and resilience. The results showed an inverse association between resilience and PLEs. The study suggests the need for future research to include multidimensional measurement of both internal and external factors, as well as the establishment of well-defined theoretical models.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES
(2022)