Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sanghun Baek, Sousuke Imamura, Takeshi Higa, Yumi Nakai, Kan Tanaka, Masato Nakai
Summary: This study reveals the involvement of similar translocon complexes in chloroplast protein import in red algae, and identifies a class of GTP-binding proteins that may function as plastid targeting factors in Rhodophyta.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Dong-Li Hao, Jin-Yan Zhou, Ya-Nan Huang, Hao-Ran Wang, Xiao-Hui Li, Hai-Lin Guo, Jian-Xiu Liu
Summary: The manipulation of a single plastid phosphate transporter gene can enhance carotenoid accumulation in plants, potentially by affecting plastid orthophosphate concentration.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Samuel James Watson, Na Li, Yiting Ye, Feijie Wu, Qihua Ling, R. Paul Jarvis
Summary: The stability of the TOC complex, a key protein channel for chloroplast import, can be regulated by the ubiquitin-dependent pathway as well as the SUMO system. Inhibiting SUMO tagging results in increased TOC protein levels and improved chloroplast development, potentially impacting the growth performance of crops.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Fang, Bingqi Li, Lih-Jen Chen, Vivek Dogra, Shengji Luo, Wangpin Wu, Pengcheng Wang, Inhwan Hwang, Hsou-Min Li, Chanhong Kim
Summary: This study reveals a related component of TIC236, CRL, which is involved in plastid division and plant stress responses. The findings highlight the interconnectedness between plastid protein import, plastid division, and plant stress responses.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Sreedhar Nellaepalli, Anne Sophie Lau, R. Paul Jarvis
Summary: Chloroplasts are important organelles for photosynthesis and various metabolic and signaling processes. Most chloroplast proteins are encoded by the nucleus and need to be imported from the cytosol. The protein import machinery and the ubiquitin-proteasome system play crucial roles in regulating chloroplast biogenesis and protein homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Sreedhar Nellaepalli, Anne Sophie Lau, R. Paul Jarvis
Summary: Chloroplasts play a crucial role in photosynthesis and other metabolic and signaling processes for plant growth and development. This article presents the mechanistic details of protein import and the regulation of chloroplast proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS).
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chia- Yun Chang, Lih- Jen Chen, Hsou- min Li
Summary: Protein import into chloroplasts is driven by ATP hydrolysis in the stroma. The Ycf2-FtsHi complex was found to be important for protein import and the mechanistic understanding of this motor needs further investigation. In this study, membrane association and topology analyses on FtsHi1 and FtsHi2 revealed FtsHi1 as an integral membrane protein located in the intermembrane space and FtsHi2 as a soluble protein in the stroma. These findings suggest that the current model of a single membrane-anchored pulling motor at the stromal side needs revision and indicate potential additional functions of the Ycf2-FtsHi complex.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laxmi S. Mishra, Christiane Funk
Summary: FtsH metalloproteases play a vital role in the maintenance and proteolysis of membrane proteins in various organisms, with some pseudo-proteases being inactive due to mutations or missing motifs. In Arabidopsis thaliana, these proteases are involved in plant growth and development, as well as oxidative stress management.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Megan Overlander-Chen, Craig H. Carlson, Jason D. Fiedler, Shengming Yang
Summary: Chloroplast biogenesis is crucial for crop biomass and yield. In this study, the regulatory machinery for chloroplast biogenesis in barley was explored through map-based cloning of the Gpa1 gene. The PTOX-encoding gene (HORVU.MOREX.r3.2HG0213170) was identified as the causal gene of Gpa1. This finding enhances our understanding of chloroplast biosynthesis and highlights the conservation of PTOX activity in monocots and dicots for photosynthesis.
Article
Plant Sciences
Hui Yuan, Emily G. Pawlowski, Yong Yang, Tianhu Sun, Theodore W. Thannhauser, Michael Mazourek, Danny Schnell, Li Li
Summary: The study reveals that the DnaJ-like chaperone protein ORANGE (OR) interacts with core components of the TIC complex in chloroplasts, impacting the turnover rate of Tic40 protein and interfering with its interaction with Tic110. This interaction aids in the translocation and processing of pre-proteins, indicating a regulatory role for OR in plastid pre-protein import.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qiang Wang, Zeyuan Guan, Liangbo Qi, Jinjin Zhuang, Chen Wang, Sixing Hong, Ling Yan, Yan Wu, Xiaoqian Cao, Jianbo Cao, Junjie Yan, Tingting Zou, Zhu Liu, Delin Zhang, Chuangye Yan, Ping Yin
Summary: Sam37 stabilizes mature Tom40 mainly through electrostatic interactions, facilitating subsequent TOM assembly. These results support the b barrel switching model and offer structural insights into the assembly and release of b barrel complexes.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Ryan Christian, June Labbancz, Bjorn Usadel, Amit Dhingra
Summary: The diversity of plastid functions in non-green organs of higher plants remains to be fully characterized. The complex protein import system is crucial for the adaptation of plants to different environments. Computational tools and proteomics approaches can aid in understanding this process.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Anja Roediger, Birgit Agne, Dirk Dobritzsch, Stefan Helm, Fraenze Mueller, Nina Poetzsch, Sacha Baginsky
Summary: In the process of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruit ripening, the conversion from chloroplasts to chromoplasts involves significant changes in the levels of various enzymes, including maintenance of high levels of specific complexes and enzymes, an increase in enzymes related to heterotrophic plastid metabolism, and a shift in abundance of enzymes related to chlorophyll catabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis. Despite these changes, certain proteins remain constant, suggesting a unique metabolic pathway in non-climacteric fruits like bell pepper.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chen Wan, Hui Zhang, Hongying Cheng, Robert G. Sowden, Wenjuan Cai, R. Paul Jarvis, Qihua Ling
Summary: This study reveals that the translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (TOC) can undergo K63-linked polyubiquitination and regulation by selective autophagy, potentially enhancing stress tolerance in plants. The selective autophagy adaptor NBR1 is found to target TOC components and mediate their relocation into vacuoles for autophagic degradation. This selective autophagy controls TOC protein levels, chloroplast protein import, and affects photosynthetic activity, UV-B irradiation, and heat stress tolerance in Arabidopsis plants.
Review
Plant Sciences
Yi Sun, R. Paul Jarvis
Summary: Chloroplasts are plant organelles responsible for photosynthesis and other vital functions, and their complex proteome is controlled by diverse processes of protein translocation and degradation. Most chloroplast proteins are imported from the cytosol and then sorted to different organellar subcompartments. Chloroplast proteolysis involves proteases of prokaryotic origin and the nucleocytosolic ubiquitin-proteasome system, which regulate protein import and reconfigure chloroplast functions in response to developmental and environmental signals.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Samuel James Watson, Na Li, Yiting Ye, Feijie Wu, Qihua Ling, R. Paul Jarvis
Summary: The stability of the TOC complex, a key protein channel for chloroplast import, can be regulated by the ubiquitin-dependent pathway as well as the SUMO system. Inhibiting SUMO tagging results in increased TOC protein levels and improved chloroplast development, potentially impacting the growth performance of crops.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naresh Loudya, Douglas P. F. Maffei, Jocelyn Bedard, Sabri Mohd Ali, Paul F. Devlin, R. Paul Jarvis, Enrique Lopez-Juez
Summary: Chloroplast biogenesis requires the synthesis of proteins in both the nucleus and the chloroplast itself. A 1-MDa complex, including TIC20, TIC100, and other proteins, is believed to be the inner membrane TIC translocon for importing nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins. This study investigated the role of TIC100 in chloroplast development and protein import. Mutations in TIC100 resulted in reduced levels of the 1-MDa complex and decreased import of nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins. A second mutation within TIC100 rescued the phenotypes of the first mutation and highlighted the importance of TIC100 in retrograde signaling. These findings suggest that TIC100 and the 1-MDa complex play crucial roles in chloroplast protein import and retrograde signaling.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yi Sun, Zujie Yao, Yiting Ye, Jun Fang, Honglin Chen, Yuping Lyu, William Broad, Marjorie Fournier, Genyun Chen, Yonghong Hu, Shabaz Mohammed, Qihua Ling, R. Paul Jarvis
Summary: This study demonstrates the role of the nucleocytosolic ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in regulating photosynthesis within endosymbiotically derived chloroplasts, through protein degradation.
Review
Fisheries
Azizza Mala, Subha Bhassu, Norhidayah Mohd Taufek, Najiah M. Sadali, Siran Wang, Elnour Mohamed, Adibi M. Nor
Summary: Aquaculture is important for Malaysia's national economy, but there are issues like organic pollution and contaminants in aquaculture farms. Lactic acid bacteria can help restore normal physiological state and increase productivity. However, research on using lactic acid bacteria as inoculants for seaweed silage is limited. By increasing their use, aquaculture can be more productive, safer, and environmentally friendly, contributing to long-term development.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chen Wan, Hui Zhang, Hongying Cheng, Robert G. Sowden, Wenjuan Cai, R. Paul Jarvis, Qihua Ling
Summary: This study reveals that the translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (TOC) can undergo K63-linked polyubiquitination and regulation by selective autophagy, potentially enhancing stress tolerance in plants. The selective autophagy adaptor NBR1 is found to target TOC components and mediate their relocation into vacuoles for autophagic degradation. This selective autophagy controls TOC protein levels, chloroplast protein import, and affects photosynthetic activity, UV-B irradiation, and heat stress tolerance in Arabidopsis plants.
Article
Cell Biology
Sreedhar Nellaepalli, Anne Sophie Lau, R. Paul Jarvis
Summary: Chloroplasts are important organelles for photosynthesis and various metabolic and signaling processes. Most chloroplast proteins are encoded by the nucleus and need to be imported from the cytosol. The protein import machinery and the ubiquitin-proteasome system play crucial roles in regulating chloroplast biogenesis and protein homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2023)
Correction
Plant Sciences
Qihua Ling, Najiah Mohd. Sadali, Ziad Soufi, Yuan Zhou, Binquan Huang, Yunliu Zeng, Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion, R. Paul Jarvis
Article
Plant Sciences
Qihua Ling, Najiah Mohd Sadali, Ziad Soufi, Yuan Zhou, Binquan Huang, Yunliu Zeng, Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion, R. Paul Jarvis
Summary: The research shows that the CHLORAD proteolytic pathway regulates chromoplast development, affecting the ripening process of tomato fruits. The SP1 homologue accelerates fruit ripening by promoting chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition, with broader effects on fruit softening, gene expression, and metabolism changes. This study highlights the critical role of chromoplasts in fruit ripening and provides a theoretical basis for engineering crop improvements.
Correction
Plant Sciences
Qihua Ling, Najiah Mohd. Sadali, Ziad Soufi, Yuan Zhou, Binquan Huang, Yunliu Zeng, Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion, R. Paul Jarvis