Article
Physics, Applied
Mikhail B. Belonenko, Natalia N. Konobeeva, Alexander Zhukov
Summary: This study explores the development of electromagnetic pulse instability in nonlinear electrodynamics beyond the approximation of slowly varying amplitudes and phases. The scenario for instability evolution is analyzed, with consideration of temperature's influence and estimation of the rate of pair production under the Schwinger mechanism.
MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Felix Karbstein
Summary: The study explores the potential of studying vacuum birefringence at the Gamma Factory, assessing the parameter regime that can be reliably analyzed using the Heisenberg-Euler effective Lagrangian. It demonstrates that accurate theoretical study of quantum vacuum signatures can be conducted up to fairly large photon energies. The advantage lies in the possibility of studying the phenomenon in experimentally realistic, manifestly inhomogeneous pump and probe field configurations.
ANNALEN DER PHYSIK
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Bordag
Summary: This article reviews the instabilities that arise from the coupling of spin-one fields to a magnetic background in a non-Abelian theory. The coupling contributes to the effective potential due to asymptotic freedom in a negative quantum. The Savvidy vacuum emerges in QCD, but its instability caused by the tachyonic mode leaves the true ground state of QCD still open. In the electroweak model, the corresponding instability is postponed to very large background fields and may be relevant in the early universe.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Gennaro Ciampa, Gianluca Crippa, Stefano Spirito
Summary: In this paper, we prove the uniform-in-time L-p convergence in the inviscid limit of a family of solutions of the 2D Navier-Stokes equations towards a renormalized/Lagrangian solution of the Euler equations. We also show that a rate for the convergence of these solutions can be obtained in the class of solutions with bounded vorticity. Additionally, we demonstrate that solutions of the Euler equations with L-p vorticity, obtained in the vanishing viscosity limit, conserve the kinetic energy. These proofs are derived using both a (stochastic) Lagrangian approach and an Eulerian approach.
ARCHIVE FOR RATIONAL MECHANICS AND ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics
Luigi De Rosa, Marco Inversi, Giorgio Stefani
Summary: In the class of admissible weak solutions, we establish a weak-strong uniqueness result for the incompressible Euler equations under the assumption that the symmetric part of the gradient belongs to Lac([0, +infinity); Lexp(Rd ; Rdxd)), where Lexp denotes the Orlicz space of exponentially integrable functions. Additionally, assuming the same conditions on the limit solution to the Euler system, we prove the convergence of vanishing-viscosity Leray-Hopf weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations.
JOURNAL OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Felix Karbstein, Chantal Sundqvist, Kai S. Schulze, Ingo Uschmann, Holger Gies, Gerhard G. Paulus
Summary: The study shows that the potential for discovery using solely XFEL setups can be comparable to those involving optical high-intensity lasers. Key details of x-ray optical ingredients that strongly influence the magnitude of desired signatures have been identified for currently achievable scenarios.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Zi-Yu Dong, Teng Ma, Jing Shu, Yu-Hui Zheng
Summary: This paper solves the long-standing problem of operator basis construction for fields with all masses and spins. It proposes a novel method to systematically construct a complete set of lowest dimensional amplitude bases and presents a matrix projection method for constructing massive amplitude bases involving identical particles.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Filipe Marques, Ivo Roupa, Miguel T. Silva, Paulo Flores, Hamid M. Lankarani
Summary: This study presents several approaches to model and simulate closed loop topologies using the Lagrangian formulation, focusing on converting closed loop nature into open systems to simplify modeling. The methods considered include the cut joint approach, the clearance joint constraint model, and the elastic joint formulation, with a slider-crank mechanism used as a demonstrative example and comparison with the Newton-Euler method for constrained multibody systems.
MECHANISM AND MACHINE THEORY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaoxiao Zhang, Chunmei Wang, Xiaoping Liu, Taotao Zhou, Changfa Tao, Qin Shi
Summary: The Euler-Lagrangian method was used to simulate the dispersion of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter in isolated street canyons, with a detailed analysis of the flow structures and pollutant distributions under different roof angles. Results show that different flow structures lead to varying concentrations of pollutants, and a small roof incline angle is generally recommended to reduce pollutant concentrations in the canyons.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Stefan Dittmaier
Summary: This article discusses the expression of the electric charge renormalization constant in arbitrary R-xi gauge, and explains that the derivation method is applicable to all spontaneously broken gauge theories. The concept of charge universality is introduced, as well as how to extend this method to gauge theories with different Lie group G.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Hao Sun, Ming-Lei Xiao, Jiang-Hao Yu
Summary: For the first time, a complete and independent set of operators at the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the Higgs effective field theory (HEFT) is listed. The completeness and independence of the on-shell amplitude basis are guaranteed by the Young tensor technique, while the Adler zero condition imposes non-linear symmetry on the Nambu-Goldstone bosons. Spurion fields are incorporated into the gauge structure of operators to accommodate custodial symmetry breaking. Thousands of NNLO operators are constructed for various scenarios and can be matched to dimension-8 standard model operators at lower energy scales.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Mohammad Bagher Jahani Poshteh, Nematollah Riazi
Summary: A new theory for nonlinear electrodynamics is presented, which reduces to Maxwell Lagrangian with Heisenberg-Euler correction term at far distances from the black hole. The singular center of the black hole is replaced by different types of space if the spacetime is asymptotically flat, de Sitter, or anti de Sitter. Requiring correspondence to Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian at large distances shows that a minimum mass is required for the formation of an event horizon and the mass of the solution must be quantized.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS D
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Abouzeid M. Shalaby
Summary: In this work, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of series expansions in second-order phase transition theories and propose a universal parameter b to describe the critical exponent. Using hypergeometric approximants, we are able to mimic the large-order behavior of the series and extract the critical exponent and critical coupling. The conjecture is tested and accurate results for critical exponents and ground state energy are obtained.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
F. T. Brandt, J. Frenkel, D. G. C. McKeon, G. S. S. Sakoda
Summary: We examine the nonrenormalizability induced by low-energy effective Lagrangians in loop diagrams in a finite scalar model. The mechanism leading to the nonrenormalizability of the effective theory can be demonstrated directly in this framework. While approximations applicable at low energies may generate this behavior, we show that the results obtained in the renormalized effective theory can be matched with those in the full theory at low energy. We argue that the infrared sectors of these theories are inherently similar, independent of the matching procedure.
Article
Optics
Jakub Pospisil, Gerd Wiebusch, Karel Fliegel, Milos Klima, Thomas Huser
Summary: The compact and flexible 2D SR-SIM microscope based on fiber optic components (fiberSIM) utilizes fiber-splitters and a MEMS fiber switch to achieve interference illumination pattern and rapid pattern rotation. Compared to existing methods, fiberSIM is smaller in size, lowers SR-SIM component cost, and achieves comparable results, making SR-SIM technology more accessible to laboratories in the life sciences.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
M. B. Schwab, E. Siminos, T. Heinemann, D. Ullmann, F. Karbstein, S. Kuschel, A. Saevert, M. Yeung, D. Hollatz, A. Seidel, J. Cole, S. P. D. Mangles, B. Hidding, M. Zepf, S. Skupin, M. C. Kaluza
PHYSICAL REVIEW ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Felix Karbstein
Summary: The study explores the potential of studying vacuum birefringence at the Gamma Factory, assessing the parameter regime that can be reliably analyzed using the Heisenberg-Euler effective Lagrangian. It demonstrates that accurate theoretical study of quantum vacuum signatures can be conducted up to fairly large photon energies. The advantage lies in the possibility of studying the phenomenon in experimentally realistic, manifestly inhomogeneous pump and probe field configurations.
ANNALEN DER PHYSIK
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Felix Karbstein, Chantal Sundqvist, Kai S. Schulze, Ingo Uschmann, Holger Gies, Gerhard G. Paulus
Summary: The study shows that the potential for discovery using solely XFEL setups can be comparable to those involving optical high-intensity lasers. Key details of x-ray optical ingredients that strongly influence the magnitude of desired signatures have been identified for currently achievable scenarios.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Felix Karbstein
Summary: The article demonstrates the efficient determination of leading derivative corrections to the Heisenberg-Euler effective action from the vacuum polarization tensor evaluated in a homogeneous constant background field. With an explicit parameter-integral representation derived for these corrections in generic electromagnetic fields at one loop, the focus then shifts to magnetic- and electric-like field configurations where closed-form results and all-orders weak- and strong-field expansions can be obtained. An important application highlighted is the leading derivative correction to the well-known Schwinger formula, describing the decay of quantum vacuum through electron-positron pair production in slowly varying electric fields.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Dmitry Budker, Julian C. Berengut, Victor V. Flambaum, Mikhail Gorchtein, Junlan Jin, Felix Karbstein, Mieczyslaw Witold Krasny, Yuri A. Litvinov, Adriana Palffy, Vladimir Pascalutsa, Alexey Petrenko, Andrey Surzhykov, Peter G. Thirolf, Marc Vanderhaeghen, Hans A. Weidenmueller, Vladimir Zelevinsky
Summary: The Gamma Factory is an ambitious proposal within the CERN Physics Beyond Colliders program, aiming to provide high-energy photon sources with significantly higher photon fluxes than currently available gamma sources. The factory produces high-energy photons through resonant scattering and allows monochromatization of the beam energy through collimation.
ANNALEN DER PHYSIK
(2022)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Felix Karbstein
Summary: This article advocates the study of external-field quantum electrodynamics with N charged particle flavors. The focus is on the Heisenberg-Euler effective action in the large N limit, considering contributions from all loop orders. The results show that beyond one loop, the contributions are generated by the one-loop Heisenberg-Euler effective Lagrangian, providing an explicit determination of the large N Heisenberg-Euler effective action at any desired loop order. Further insights are provided for electric-and magnetic-like field configurations characterized by the vanishing of one of the secular invariants of the electromagnetic field, and the all-orders strong field limit of the theory is derived.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Antonin Sainte-Marie, Luca Fedeli, Neiel Zaiem, Felix Karbstein, Henri Vincenti
Summary: The advent of petawatt-class laser systems has opened up a new era of research, enabling scientists to generate electromagnetic fields of unprecedented strength and explore unobserved processes through their interaction with the quantum vacuum. Plasma mirrors have emerged as a promising tool to bridge the gap between the capabilities and the desired intensity scale. In this study, the authors present predictions on the quantum vacuum signatures produced when intense infrared laser pulses are converted into coherently focused Doppler harmonic beams. They also explore the coupling of the focused harmonic beam with an auxiliary optical beam as a means to improve the signal to noise ratios in experiments.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Holger Gies, Felix Karbstein, Leonhard Klar
Summary: This study investigates the collision of two optical laser pulses in a pump-probe setup and estimates the discernible signal photons induced by quantum vacuum nonlinearities. Optimizing the focus and using an elliptical waist can improve the separation of signal and background, resulting in an increased number of discernible photons.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Kai S. Schulze, Benjamin Grabiger, Robert Loetzsch, Berit Marx-Glowna, Annika T. Schmitt, Alejandro Laso Garcia, Willi Hippler, Lingen Huang, Felix Karbstein, Zuzana Konopkova, Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt, Jan-Patrick Schwinkendorf, Cornelius Strohm, Toma Toncian, Ingo Uschmann, Hans-Christian Wille, Ulf Zastrau, Ralf Roehlsberger, Thomas Stoehlker, Thomas E. Cowan, Gerhard G. Paulus
Summary: High-precision x-ray polarimeters have become a crucial tool for investigating fundamental physical questions and offer exceptional sensitivity to tiny polarization changes, providing intriguing perspectives for fundamental tests of quantum electrodynamics.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Felix Karbstein, Ricardo R. Q. P. T. Oude Weernink
Summary: In this study, the nonlinear signature of x-ray vacuum diffraction in the head-on collision of optical high-intensity and x-ray free-electron laser pulses was investigated with finite spatiotemporal offsets between the laser foci. It was found that the angular distribution of the signal in the far-field is sensitive to the wavefront curvature of the probe beam, indicating the potential for improved signal-to-background separation in vacuum birefringence experiments. The pump and probe fields were modeled as pulsed paraxial Gaussian beams, allowing for a reanalysis of the effect from first principles.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Elena A. Mosman, Felix Karbstein
Summary: Researchers analyze the behavior of the phenomenon under the variation of experimental key-parameters and provide new analytical scalings, demonstrating that an appropriate choice of X-ray focus and pulse duration can significantly improve the signal. The results are essential for identifying the optimal parameters in a discovery experiment of vacuum birefringence at the high-intensity frontier.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Holger Gies, Felix Karbstein, Leonhard Klar
Summary: The research focuses on tracing vacuum-fluctuation-mediated interaction processes to identify the most promising signal photon channels. By studying sum and difference frequency generation in the collision of optical laser pulses, the signal photon yield in laser pulse collisions can be enhanced.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Felix Karbstein, Elena A. Mosman
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Felix Karbstein, Elena A. Mosman
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Felix Karbstein
