期刊
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
卷 100, 期 -, 页码 19-34出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.008
关键词
Cortex; Cerebellum; Basal ganglia; Unsupervised learning; Supervised learning; Reinforcement learning; Super-learning; Interplay between learning mechanisms; System-level neuroscience; Cortical-subcortical hierarchies; Neuromodulation; Dopamine; Serotonin; Noradrenaline; Acetylcholine
资金
- EU FET Open project GOAL-Robots - Goal-based Open-ended Autonomous Learning Robots [713010]
- National Science Foundation [BCS-1343544]
Despite wide evidence suggesting anatomical and functional interactions between cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia, the learning processes operating within them -often viewed as respectively unsupervised, supervised and reinforcement learning- are studied in isolation, neglecting their strong interdependence. We discuss how those brain areas form a highly integrated system combining different learning mechanisms into an effective super-learning process supporting the acquisition of flexible motor behaviour. The term super-learning does not indicate a new learning paradigm. Rather, it refers to the fact that different learning mechanisms act in synergy as they: (a) affect neural structures often relying on the widespread action of neuromodulators; (b) act within various stages of cortical/subcortical pathways that are organised in pipeline to support multiple sensation-toaction mappings operating at different levels of abstraction; (c) interact through the reciprocal influence of the output compartments of different brain structures, most notably in the cerebello-cortical and basal ganglia-cortical loops. Here we articulate this new hypothesis and discuss empirical evidence supporting it by specifically referring to motor adaptation and sequence learning.
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