Review
Psychology, Developmental
Kirsten R. Mueller-Vahl, Natalia Szejko, Cara Verdellen, Veit Roessner, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Andreas Hartmann, Danielle C. Cath
Summary: The European Society for the Study of Tourette syndrome (ESSTS) has updated the first European Guidelines for Tourette syndrome, covering assessment, psychological interventions, pharmacological treatment, and deep brain stimulation. Over the past decade, there has been a significant shift towards non-pharmacological treatments in the assessment and treatment of tics.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tamara Pringsheim, Christos Ganos, Christelle Nilles, Andrea E. E. Cavanna, Donald L. L. Gilbert, Erica Greenberg, Andreas Hartmann, Tammy Hedderly, Isobel Heyman, Holan Liang, Irene Malaty, Osman Malik, Nanette Mol Debes, Kirsten Muller Vahl, Alexander Munchau, Tara Murphy, Peter Nagy, Tamsin Owen, Renata Rizzo, Liselotte Skov, Jeremy Stern, Natalia Szejko, Yulia Worbe, Davide Martino
Summary: In 2020, there was a significant increase in referrals for young people with rapid onset of severe tic-like behaviors. A working group was formed to develop clinical criteria for the diagnosis of functional tic-like behaviors (FTLBs) to aid in recognition and diagnosis by healthcare professionals.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Karla Claudio-Campos, Daniel Stevens, Sang-Wahn Koo, Alexa Valko, Oscar Joseph Bienvenu, Cathy B. Budman, Danielle C. Cath, Sabrina Darrow, Daniel Geller, Fernando S. Goes, Marco A. Grados, Benjamin D. Greenberg, Erica Greenberg, Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Cornelia Illmann, Franjo Ivankovic, Robert A. King, James A. Knowles, Janice Krasnow, Paul C. Lee, Gholson J. Lyon, James T. McCracken, Mary M. Robertson, Lisa Osiecki, Mark A. Riddle, Guy Rouleau, Paul Sandor, Gerald Nestadt, Jack Samuels, Jeremiah M. Scharf, Carol A. Mathews
Summary: In individuals with Persistent motor or vocal tic disorder (PMVT) and Tourette syndrome (TS), there are differences in comorbid psychiatric disorders, age of tic onset, and tic severity. ADHD and OCD increase the odds of other psychiatric disorders, contributing to the observed differences between PMVT and TS. First-degree relatives of TS patients have elevated rates of TS, PMVT, OCD, and ADHD compared to the general population.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stephanie Cernera, Leena Pramanik, Zachary Boogaart, Jackson N. Cagle, Julieth Gomez, Katie Moore, Ka Loong Kelvin Au, Michael S. Okun, Aysegul Gunduz, Wissam Deeb
Summary: This study aimed to develop a sensor-based paradigm to detect and classify tics in Tourette syndrome. The results demonstrate that wearable sensors can capture physiological differences between tic and voluntary movements and are comparable to expert consensus. This has significant implications for individualizing and improving care for people with TS.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stefanie Bartha, Annet Bluschke, Tina Rawish, Kim E. R. Naumann, Paul Wendiggensen, Tobias Baeumer, Veit Roessner, Alexander Muenchau, Christian Beste
Summary: The occurrence of motor/vocal tics is the leading diagnostic criterion for tic disorders. However, extra movements are also common in healthy controls, questioning the usefulness of diagnostic criteria in clinical practice. It is not solely a surplus of movements that defines tic disorders, but rather movement characteristics and patterns.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jose Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo, Marlene Alonso-Juarez, Joseph Jankovic
Summary: Tics are rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic movements or emitted sounds. This study compared tics associated with Tourette syndrome (TS) and secondary tic disorders (STD). It found that patients with TS had a younger age at onset, more severe and complex tics, and involvement of cranial-cervical muscles. Simple phonic tics showed the highest diagnostic accuracy for TS, but there was overlap in tic types and comorbidities between TS and STD patients.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Lina Schubert, Julius Verrel, Amelie Behm, Tobias Baeumer, Christian Beste, Alexander Muenchau
Summary: The study found that associations between urges and tics in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome are complex and heterogeneous, with some individuals not showing the expected positive correlation, and even displaying negative associations. While most patients demonstrated a positive relationship between urges and tics, there were substantial inter-individual differences in these associations.
Article
Psychiatry
Wen Xu, Qiang Ding, Ying Zhao, Wenqing Jiang, Jingjing Han, Jinhua Sun
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the adaptability of Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) for a Chinese population, and to evaluate the efficacy of combined CBIT and pharmacotherapy (CBIT + PT) compared to CBIT or pharmacotherapy (PT) alone for reducing tics and improving the quality of life (QoL) in Chinese children with chronic tic disorders (CTD) and Tourette syndrome (TS). The results showed that CBIT was effective in reducing tic severity in Chinese children with tic disorders, but CBIT + PT may not be superior to CBIT alone in reducing tic severity and improving quality of life.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Aili Langford, Christine C. W. Lin, Lisa Bero, Fiona M. Blyth, Jason Doctor, Simon Holliday, Yun-Hee Jeon, Joanna Moullin, Bridin Murnion, Suzanne Nielsen, Rawa Osman, Jonathan Penm, Emily Reeve, Sharon Reid, Janet Wale, Carl R. Schneider, Danijela Gnjidic
Summary: "Deprescribing of opioid analgesics based on evidence-based clinical practice guidelines" is a guideline developed using robust processes and GRADE methodology, providing recommendations for deprescribing opioids in adults. The recommendations cover when, how, and for whom deprescribing should be considered, emphasizing the importance of individual goals, values, and preferences. These guidelines aim to improve the quality of care for patients using opioids for pain.
MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Melanie J. Firestone, Stacy Holzbauer, Christine Conelea, Richard Danila, Kirk Smith, Rebecca H. Bitsko, Susan M. Klammer, Stefan Gingerich, Ruth Lynfield
Summary: On October 15, 2021, the Minnesota Department of Health initiated an investigation into a cluster of students in a school displaying tic-like behaviors believed to be linked to recent COVID-19. Through interviews and questionnaires, it was discovered that eight female students aged 15-17 had tic-like behaviors lasting more than 24 hours. These behaviors were found to be associated with underlying mental health issues rather than the immediate effects of COVID-19. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding functional tic-like behaviors and adolescent mental health.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Developmental
Veit Roessner, Heike Eichele, Jeremy S. Stern, Liselotte Skov, Renata Rizzo, Nanette Mol Debes, Peter Nagy, Andrea E. Cavanna, Cristiano Termine, Christos Ganos, Alexander Muenchau, Natalia Szejko, Danielle Cath, Kirsten R. Mueller-Vahl, Cara Verdellen, Andreas Hartmann, Aribert Rothenberger, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Kerstin J. Plessen
Summary: The first European guidelines for Tourette Syndrome (TS) were published in 2011 by the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS). The updated part on pharmacological treatment emphasizes the importance of psychoeducation and behavioral approaches as first-line treatments. Pharmacological treatment, particularly with dopamine blocking agents like aripiprazole, is indicated in some patients, especially when behavioral approaches are not effective or feasible. Treatment should be individualized based on the patient's needs, preferences, and co-existing conditions.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Josef Isung, Kayoko Isomura, Henrik Larsson, Anna Sidorchuk, Lorena Fernandez de la Cruz, David Mataix-Cols
Summary: Individuals with severe TS/CTD have an increased risk of cervical spine disorders, particularly cervical vascular and nonvascular disorders. These risks are similar among both men and women.
Article
Pediatrics
J. B. Nissen, A. H. Carlsen, P. H. Thomsen
Summary: This study compares the long-term efficacy of combined HRT and ERP therapy for chronic tic disorders in individual and group settings. Results show that both individual and group treatments maintained initial improvement throughout a 1-year follow-up period, with no significant differences between the two methods of treatment delivery.
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Developmental
Natalia Szejko, Sally Robinson, Andreas Hartmann, Christos Ganos, Nanette M. Debes, Liselotte Skov, Martina Haas, Renata Rizzo, Jeremy Stern, Alexander Munchau, Virginie Czernecki, Andrea Dietrich, Tara L. Murphy, Davide Martino, Zsanett Tarnok, Tammy Hedderly, Kirsten R. Muller-Vahl, Danielle C. Cath
Summary: This article presents an updated version 2.0 of European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders, focusing on assessment. The guidelines were developed through thorough literature screening, national guidelines supplementation, and expert discussions within ESSTS. Diagnostic changes between DSM-IV and DSM-5 classifications, recommendations for rating scales, and new information on differential diagnoses are highlighted. Additionally, a recent survey among ESSTS members on assessment in TS is discussed.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Irene A. Malaty, Seonaid Anderson, Shannon M. Bennett, Cathy L. Budman, Barbara J. Coffey, Keith A. Coffman, Erica Greenberg, Joseph F. McGuire, Kirsten R. Mueller-Vahl, Michael S. Okun, Julio Quezada, Amy Robichaux-Viehoever, Kevin J. Black
Summary: A global phenomenon characterized by sudden onset and rapid escalation of tics and tic-like movements and phonations has emerged in the past 3 years. It has been observed not only in youth known to have tics or Tourette syndrome, but also in those with no prior history of tics.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rachel E. Sondergaard, Nicholas D. J. Strzalkowski, Liu Shi Gan, Yamile Jasaui, Sarah Furtado, Tamara M. Pringsheim, Justyna R. Sarna, Laura Avanzino, Zelma H. T. Kiss, Davide Martino
Summary: The study investigated cerebellar connectivity in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) and its association with clinical features. The authors found that CBI efficiency was significantly correlated with worsening CD clinical severity at the 5 ms ISI, suggesting dysfunction in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical tract in this disorder.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Davide Martino, Irene Malaty, Kirsten Mueller-Vahl, Elaheh Nosratmirshekarlou, Tamara M. Pringsheim, David Shprecher, Christos Ganos
Summary: There is currently a lack of standardized definition for treatment failure in the management of tics, leading to unnecessary interventions. Through a Delphi approach, an expert consensus-based definition for treatment failure of tics was achieved. The definition is divided into behavioral and pharmacological treatments, with core components including lack of efficacy, adherence, and tolerability.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tamara Pringsheim, Christos Ganos, Christelle Nilles, Andrea E. E. Cavanna, Donald L. L. Gilbert, Erica Greenberg, Andreas Hartmann, Tammy Hedderly, Isobel Heyman, Holan Liang, Irene Malaty, Osman Malik, Nanette Mol Debes, Kirsten Muller Vahl, Alexander Munchau, Tara Murphy, Peter Nagy, Tamsin Owen, Renata Rizzo, Liselotte Skov, Jeremy Stern, Natalia Szejko, Yulia Worbe, Davide Martino
Summary: In 2020, there was a significant increase in referrals for young people with rapid onset of severe tic-like behaviors. A working group was formed to develop clinical criteria for the diagnosis of functional tic-like behaviors (FTLBs) to aid in recognition and diagnosis by healthcare professionals.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Elise G. Martin, Jananee Rasiah, Curtis S. Claassen, Jennifer Waywitka, Anne M. Merritt, Tamara M. Pringsheim, Kathleen A. Shearer, Vivian W. L. Tsang, Katherine E. Stevens, Cole E. Sheehan-Klassen, Perle Suddaby, Serena L. Orr
Summary: Youth and parent engagement is crucial in clinical research to improve its quality and relevance. This article presents a case-based example of engaging youth and parent partners in designing a questionnaire on pediatric headache treatments and summarizes best practices in patient and family engagement. The integration of a youth and parent engagement plan significantly improved the content validity of the questionnaire.
PAEDIATRICS & CHILD HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christelle Nilles, Gabriel Amorelli, Tamara M. Pringsheim, Davide Martino
Summary: Tics, stereotypies, akathisia, and restless legs are different types of abnormal movements that can be discrete, unwanted, and potentially disabling. The ability to control or inhibit these motor patterns varies among individuals. It is important for physicians to distinguish between these involuntary motor behaviors due to differences in causes and management approaches. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the phenomenology, diagnosis, and treatment of tics, stereotypies, akathisia, and restless leg syndrome.
SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Christelle Nilles, Lindsay Berg, Cassidy Fleming, Davide Martino, Tamara Pringsheim
Summary: This scoping review aimed to explore the similarities and differences between stuttering and tics in terms of epidemiology, comorbidities, phenomenology, evolution, physiopathology, and treatment. The results showed that stuttering and tics share similarities in epidemiology, phenomenology, comorbidity, and management, suggesting common risk factors and physiopathology. Physical concomitants in stuttering commonly involve facial movements, while disfluencies in TS have a distinct pattern with a majority of typical disfluencies and a mix of other behaviors.
JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Pritesh Jain, Tyne Miller-Fleming, Apostolia R. Topaloudi, Dongmei K. Yu, Petros Drineas, Marianthi Georgitsi, Zhiyu Yang, Renata Rizzo, Kirsten R. Mueller-Vahl, Zeynep A. Tumer, Nanette Mol Debes, Andreas S. Hartmann, Christel E. Depienne, Yulia S. Worbe, Pablo Mir, Danielle C. Cath, Dorret Boomsma, Veit Roessner, Tomasz Wolanczyk, Piotr Janik, Natalia Szejko, Cezary Zekanowski, Csaba Barta, Zsofia Nemoda, Zsanett Tarnok, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Dorothy Grice, Jeffrey Glennon, Hreinn Stefansson, Bastian Hengerer, Noa Benaroya-Milshtein, Francesco Cardona, Tammy Hedderly, Isobel Heyman, Chaim Huyser, Astrid Morer, Norbert Mueller, Alexander Munchau, Kerstin J. Plessen, Cesare Porcelli, Susanne Walitza, Anette Schrag, Davide Martino, Andrea Dietrich, Carol A. Mathews, Jeremiah M. Scharf, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Lea K. Davis, Peristera Paschou
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Julian Fletcher, Davide Martino, Frank MacMaster, Gabrielle Wilcox, Tamara Pringsheim
Summary: The Tourette OCD Alberta Network (TOAN) supports mental health therapists in improving the care for patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) and OCD in Alberta. We assessed the professional development needs of healthcare workers and developed a continuing professional development (CPD) webinar series based on evidence-based knowledge about TS and OCD. The webinars, consisting of twelve live sessions, were attended by an average of 63 healthcare workers and resulted in a positive knowledge gain. The educational program will need to adapt to the evolving clinical understanding of TS and OCD.
CHILD PSYCHIATRY & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Poornima Jayadev Menon, Christelle Nilles, Laura Silveira-Moriyama, Ruiyi Yuan, Claudio M. de Gusmao, Alexander Muenchau, Miryam Carecchio, Steve Grossman, Gay Grossman, Aurelie Meneret, Emmanuel Roze, Tamara Pringsheim
Summary: This scoping review summarizes the available clinical literature on ADCY5-RMD. Patients with ADCY5-RMD experience permanent and/or paroxysmal hyperkinetic movements, which can be worsened by environmental triggers. Treatment options are limited, but caffeine, benzodiazepines, and deep brain stimulation have shown some effectiveness.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Valerie Brandt, Jana Essing, Ewgeni Jakubovski, Kirsten Mueller-Vahl
Summary: This study investigated the presence of premonitory urges (PU) in tic disorders. The results showed a significant association between tic severity and urge severity, with 85% of urge-related tics followed by relief. ADHD, depression, female gender, and older age increased the likelihood of experiencing PU, while more obsessive-compulsive symptoms and younger age were associated with higher urge intensities. PU, complex vocal tics, ADHD, OCD, anxiety, and depression were related to lower quality of life.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christelle Nilles, Davide Martino, Julian Fletcher, Tamara Pringsheim
Summary: This study investigated the phenomenology of tics in children and adolescents and found that age and sex can influence tic presentation. The most common simple motor tics were eye blinking, head jerks/movements, eye movements, and mouth movements; 86% had at least one simple facial tic. Tic-related compulsive behaviors were the most frequent complex motor tics. Throat clearing was the most common simple phonic tic, and only 5% had coprolalia.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rica Riechmann, Ewgeni Jakubovski, Jana Essing, Martina Haas, Christopher G. Goetz, Glenn T. Stebbins, Kirsten R. Mueller-Vahl
Summary: Researchers have made improvements to the MRVS rating scale by shortening the recording time to 5 minutes and comparing it with the YGTSS-TTS. The results show that reducing the recording time does not significantly affect the assessment results, and the revised rating method has higher correlation with the YGTSS-TTS.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Tamara Pringsheim, Amit Batla, Ali Shalash, Jitendra Kumar Sahu, Carlos Cosentino, Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Jennifer Friedman, Jean-Pierre Lin, Jonathan Mink, Alexander Munchau, Daniela Munoz, Nardo Nardocci, Belen Perez-Duenas, Zomer Sardar, Chahnez Triki, Hilla Ben-Pazi, Laura Silveira-Moriyama, Monica Troncoso-Schifferli, Kyoko Hoshino, Russell C. Dale, Victor S. C. Fung, Manju A. Kurian, Emmanuel Roze
Summary: The International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society (MDS) established a working group to provide recommendations for the transition process from pediatric to adult healthcare systems for patients with childhood-onset movement disorders. Through a multi-round, web-based Delphi survey, the group developed recommendations related to team composition and structure, planning and readiness, goals of care, and administration and research.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Lauren E. Hirsch, Tamara Pringsheim
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jaclyn M. Martindale, Harini Sarva, Davide Martino, Donald L. Gilbert, Christos Ganos, Tamara Pringsheim, Kevin Black, Irene A. Malaty
Summary: Based on expert opinion and literature review, this study discusses the barriers to the implementation of practice guidelines in the clinical care of patients with persistent tic disorders. The objectives are to identify divergences from existing guidelines and to identify categories of barriers leading to these gaps in clinical care.
