Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marija Gredic, Isabel Blanco, Gabor Kovacs, Zsuzsanna Helyes, Peter Ferdinandy, Horst Olschewski, Joan Albert Barbera, Norbert Weissmann
Summary: This article summarizes the pathophysiology and treatment options for PH in COPD patients, pointing out that current research still does not fully understand its underlying mechanisms, and some of the treatment methods tested in clinical settings have not been effective. Preclinical studies have proposed some treatment approaches.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Stephanie A. Christenson, Benjamin M. Smith, Mona Bafadhel, Nirupama Putcha
Summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem that leads to high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. Its main causes are exposure to harmful particles, such as tobacco smoke and pollutants. Recent research has shown that various factors throughout the life course increase the risk of developing COPD. Innovations in omics and imaging techniques have provided greater understanding of the disease's pathophysiology, potentially leading to advancements in its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This review focuses on recent advances in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, imaging, diagnosis, and treatment of COPD.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jun Watanabe, Kazuhiko Kotani, Alejandro Gugliucci
Summary: Overall, patients with COPD had lower PON1 activity, indicating impaired PON1-related antioxidant defense in COPD. Further studies are needed.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria-Elpida Christopoulou, Eleni Papakonstantinou, Daiana Stolz
Summary: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that regulate airway remodeling and may contribute to the development of emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This literature review examines the role of different MMPs in COPD, their regulation by tissue inhibitors, and the potential therapeutic targeting of MMPs in COPD. Recent clinical trials supporting this approach are also discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
David M. G. Halpin
Summary: Precision medicine can be used to manage COPD by targeting treatments based on clinical, physiological features and blood biomarkers. Future advances depend on more precise characterization of individual patients using new techniques. Precision medicine has led to significant improvements in COPD management and clinicians should optimize treatment based on all available information.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiaoyan Gai, Brian Allwood, Yongchang Sun
Summary: The burden of chronic airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), continues to increase, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD), characterized by chronic lung changes after the cure of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), may be associated with the pathogenesis of COPD. However, data on PTLD's prevalence, clinical manifestations, computed tomography features, lung function impairment patterns, and influencing factors are limited. More research is needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of PTLD.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katarzyna Czerwaty, Karolina Dzaman, Krystyna Maria Sobczyk, Katarzyna Irmina Sikorska
Summary: This systematic review aims to define the significance of the coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), known as overlap syndrome (OS), based on the current state of knowledge. After searching multiple databases, 38 eligible studies were included in this review, covering a total population of 27,064 participants. The paper summarizes the most important and up-to-date information regarding OS, including its prevalence, impact of age/gender/body mass index, polysomnography findings, pulmonary function, comorbidities, prediction of OSA in COPD patients, and treatment options for this syndrome.
Review
Respiratory System
Dave Singh
Summary: Pharmacological treatment for COPD has moved towards a personalized approach, integrating clinical and biomarker information to optimize treatment decisions for individuals. Blood eosinophil counts have been adopted as a biomarker to predict responses to ICS in COPD patients. The development of novel inhaled combination treatments has provided valuable evidence to guide the use of different classes of combination treatments.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lauren H. Fairley, Shatarupa Das, Vivek Dharwal, Nadia Amorim, Karl J. Hegarty, Ridhima Wadhwa, Guntipally Mounika, Philip M. Hansbro
Summary: Oxidative stress, primarily caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by impaired mitochondria, is a major feature of COPD. While antioxidants have shown potential in mitigating oxidative damage, currently available agents are not widely used. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MTAs) offer a more precise approach to reducing ROS and have demonstrated greater protective effects in COPD, making them promising therapeutic agents. However, challenges and future directions for the use of MTAs in COPD treatment need to be discussed.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Matteo Fiore, Matteo Ricci, Annalisa Rosso, Maria Elena Flacco, Lamberto Manzoli
Summary: This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of overdiagnosis and overtreatment in patients with a clinical diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The results showed that a large proportion of patients are erroneously diagnosed with COPD when spirometry is not used, and approximately half of them are also incorrectly treated.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Lorenzo Marinelli, Fabio Lanfranco, Giovanna Motta, Marco Zavattaro
Summary: Erectile dysfunction is a common issue in men with COPD, caused by various factors including hormonal imbalance, smoking, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, chronic hypoxia, psychiatric disorders, and medications. This can significantly impact the quality of life for COPD patients, but healthcare providers often do not address sexual health concerns due to patients' reluctance to discuss intimate issues.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ailin Yang, Ganggang Yu, Yanjun Wu, Haoyan Wang
Summary: Beta-2 adrenergic receptors play crucial roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of COPD. Progress has been made in studying these receptors, and drugs targeting beta 2-AR are rapidly being developed, which are expected to improve symptoms and prognosis for COPD patients.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jin Hean Koh, Lydia Ching Yee Chong, Gerald Choon Huat Koh, Shilpa Tyagi
Summary: This umbrella review examined the effectiveness of telemedicine interventions for the management of COPD. The results showed that telemedicine interventions, including teletreatment, telemonitoring, and telesupport, were effective in reducing hospitalization days, improving quality of life, and lowering respiratory exacerbations and hospitalization rates. Therefore, telemedicine interventions should be considered as a supplementary approach to the outpatient management of COPD to alleviate the burden on healthcare systems.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Yafei Rao, Yanqing Le, Jing Xiong, Yuqiang Pei, Yongchang Sun
Summary: COPD is a prevalent chronic airway disease with acute exacerbations as the main cause of morbidity and mortality. NK cells are thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis of COPD but the specific mechanisms remain largely unknown. Further in-depth studies are needed to elucidate these mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eunhye Bae, Nakwon Kwak, Sun Mi Choi, Jinwoo Lee, Young Sik Park, Chang-Hoon Lee, Sang-Min Lee, Chul-Gyu Yoo, Jaeyoung Cho
Summary: This study assessed mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and overlap syndrome, and found that patients with overlap syndrome had increased mortality, although not higher than those with COPD alone. In predicting mortality, measurement of hypoxemic load was found to be more accurate than the apnea-hypopnea index.
Article
Respiratory System
Pei Yee Tiew, Jayanth Kumar Narayana, Marilynn Swee Li Quek, Yan Ying Ang, Fanny Wai San Ko, Mau Ern Poh, Tavleen Kaur Jaggi, Huiying Xu, Kai Xian Thng, Mariko Siyue Koh, Augustine Tee, David Shu Cheong Hui, John Arputhan Abisheganaden, Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova, Fook Tim Chew, Sanjay H. Chotirmall
Summary: This study found that sensitization to Aspergillus fungi is associated with exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). By assessing 35 fungal allergens, two distinct sensitization subgroups were identified: one characterized by Aspergillus sensitization, which had more severe symptoms and worse lung function; and another characterized by Cladosporium sensitization, which exhibited more prominent symptoms. In addition, sensitization to recombinant Aspergillus allergens was found to be associated with worse COPD outcomes.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Fanny Wai San Ko, Louis Ho Shing Lau, So Shan Ng, Terry Cheuk Fung Yip, Grace Lai Hung Wong, Ka Pang Chan, Tat On Chan, David Shu Cheong Hui
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the reduction in hospitalizations for COPD and non-COVID pneumonia was mediated by a decrease in air pollutant levels and influenza rate.
Article
Respiratory System
Ka Pang Chan, Susanna So Shan Ng, Kwun Cheung Ling, Ka Ching Ng, Lai Ping Lo, Wing Ho Yip, Jenny Chun Li Ngai, Kin Wang To, Fanny Wai San Ko, Yun Chor Gary Lee, David Shu Cheong Hui
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of empyema based on pleural fluid culture status and macroscopic fluid appearance. The results showed that empyema is a heterogeneous disease with different subclasses. Phenotyping empyema provides insight into the underlying bacteriology, source of infection, and subsequent clinical outcomes.
Letter
Respiratory System
Fanny Wai San Ko, David Shu Cheong Hui
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Fanny Wai San Ko
Article
Respiratory System
Netsanet A. Negewo, Peter G. Gibson, Jodie L. Simpson, Vanessa M. McDonald, Katherine J. Baines
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the transcriptional phenotypes of COPD and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Two main clusters and four sub-clusters were identified based on sputum gene expression profiles. Severity of lung function was found to drive gene expression differences, with downregulated genes mainly involved in lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism, oxidation/reduction and mitochondrial function, antigen processing and presentation, complement activation, innate immune responses, and immune and metabolic processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gabor Kovacs, David Nagy, Laszlo Szilberhorn, Tamas Zelei, Zsolt Gaal, Heleen Vellekoop, Simone Huygens, Matthijs Versteegh, Maureen Rutten-van Molken, Rositsa Koleva-Kolarova, Apostolos Tsiachristas, Sarah Wordsworth, Balazs Nagy
Summary: This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of MODY screening strategies in Hungary, comparing recent genetic test with no routine screening for MODY. A simulation model combining a decision tree and an individual-level Markov model was used to evaluate the costs per quality-adjusted life year of screening strategies. Stratifying patients based on age and insulin treatment followed by a risk assessment questionnaire, laboratory test, and genetic testing was found to be the most cost-effective strategy, saving EUR 12 and generating 0.0047 quality-adjusted life years gained per screened patient. This strategy could be considered for reimbursement, especially in countries with limited resources.
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Laszlo Szilberhorn, Tamas Zelei, Heleen Vellekoop, Simone Huygens, Matthijs Versteegh, Maureen Rutten-van Molken, Rositsa Koleva-Kolarova, Apostolos Tsiachristas, Sarah Wordsworth, Balazs Nagy
Summary: Correct diagnosis of MODY is important to provide appropriate treatment. Screening with the MODY calculator then genetic testing is considered cost-effective, and the addition of autoantibody testing can replace no screening. The budget impact ranges from 0.001% to 0.025% of annual public healthcare spending.
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Maureen Rutten-van Moelken, Matthijs Versteegh, Balazs Nagy, Sarah Wordsworth
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rositsa Koleva-Kolarova, Heleen Vellekoop, Simone Huygens, Matthijs Versteegh, Maureen Rutten-van Molken, Laszlo Szilberhorn, Tamas Zelei, Balazs Nagy, Sarah Wordsworth, Apostolos Tsiachristas
Summary: The cost-effectiveness and budget impact of introducing extended DPYD testing with ToxNav prior to capecitabine/5-fluorouracil in metastatic breast cancer patients in the UK, The Netherlands, and Hungary were examined. ToxNav was cost-effective in all three countries and resulted in budget savings in the UK and The Netherlands.
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rositsa Koleva-Kolarova, Heleen Vellekoop, Simone Huygens, Matthijs Versteegh, Maureen Rutten-van Moelken, Laszlo Szilberhorn, Tamas Zelei, Balazs Nagy, Sarah Wordsworth, Apostolos Tsiachristas
Summary: This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of ToxNav (c), a multivariant genetic test, for screening DPYD and personalized chemotherapy dosing in metastatic breast cancer patients in the UK. Results showed that ToxNav (c) was dominant over standard of care, providing additional quality-adjusted life years and cost savings per patient. Sensitivity analysis further supported the effectiveness of the ToxNav (c) strategy.
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Fanny Wai San Ko, Sundeep Salvi
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Fanny Wai San Ko
Article
Allergy
Fanny Wai-San Ko, Julie K. L. Wang, David S. C. Hui, Johnny W. M. Chan, Pik -Shan Cheung, Yiu-Cheong Yeung, Kit Man Sin, Mary Sau-Man Ip
Summary: This study found that the prevalence of type 2 inflammation in Chinese adults with severe asthma is similar to other ethnic populations, and patients with a blood eosinophil count ≥ 300 cells/mm3 and high IgE levels >150 IU/mL have a higher rate of uncontrolled asthma.
JOURNAL OF ASTHMA AND ALLERGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ian P. Smith, Chiara L. Whichello, Esther W. de Bekker-Grob, Maureen P. M. H. Rutten-van Moelken, Jorien Veldwijk, G. Ardine de Wit
Summary: This study found that providing patients with video-based educational materials does not necessarily lead to higher patient engagement or different preference outcomes compared to traditional text-based information. Increasing patient engagement with educational materials should be a focus of future research.
PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH
(2023)
