Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucas E. Cabrera Zapata, Carla D. Cisternas, Camila Sosa, Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura, Maria Angeles Arevalo, Maria Julia Cambiasso
Summary: Research has shown that in hypothalamic neurons, XX mice grow faster before perinatal masculinization compared to XY mice, with higher expression of neuritogenic genes due to the involvement of X-linked gene Kdm6a. This suggests that Kdm6a plays a key role in the higher axogenesis and Ngn3 expression observed in XX neurons before the critical period of brain masculinization.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chen-Kai Chou, Shun-Yu Chi, Yi-Yung Hung, Yi-Chien Yang, Hung-Chun Fu, Jia-He Wang, Chueh-Chen Chen, Hong-Yo Kang
Summary: The present study aimed to determine the association of ER mRNA expression levels with clinicopathologic features in PTC. The expression of ER alpha 66, ER alpha 36, ER beta, and GPER1 was lower in PTC specimens than in adjacent normal thyroid tissues. Low GPER1 expression was associated with extrathyroidal extension. There was no obvious difference in expression of ERs between PTC specimens from male and female patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tomomi Karigo, Ann Kennedy, Bin Yang, Mengyu Liu, Derek Tai, Iman A. Wahle, David J. Anderson
Summary: This study showed that ultrasonic vocalizations can distinguish the intent of mounting behaviors in male laboratory mice, with most male-directed mounting being aggressive. Distinct patterns of neural activity were found in subpopulations of neurons in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and ventromedial hypothalamus, ventrolateral subdivision (VMHvl) during USV+ and USV- mounting, indicating the encoded behavioral states are represented by different neural populations. Optogenetic stimulation of specific neurons in MPOA and VMHvl could promote or inhibit different types of mounting behaviors, suggesting that distinct hypothalamic neuronal populations mediate the different internal states expressed through similar behaviors.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Andrea M. P. Romani
Summary: Phytoestrogens have been identified as a natural alternative to synthetic estrogens for post-menopausal women, and have shown beneficial effects in attenuating severe complications in diseases such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, and obesity. However, uncertainties regarding their effectiveness, conversion to active principles in the gut microbiome, and synergistic effects of different phytoestrogens remain, highlighting the need for further research in the field.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Donghui Zhu, Axel Montagne, Zhen Zhao
Summary: AD is a neurodegenerative disease, with studies showing gender differences in risk and progression. The higher risk and progression of AD in women are largely attributed to distinct biological mechanisms, such as deviations in brain structure and biomarkers, psychosocial stress responses, genetic background, and more.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Nan Zhang, Zili Yan, Hailan Liu, Meng Yu, Yang He, Hesong Liu, Chen Liang, Longlong Tu, Lina Wang, Na Yin, Junying Han, Nikolas Scarcelli, Yongjie Yang, Chunmei Wang, Tianshu Zeng, Lu-Lu Chen, Yong Xu
Summary: The study revealed that hypothalamic PNNs are regulated in a region-specific manner by sex, gonadal hormones, and dietary interventions. Gonadal hormones are necessary for maintaining normal PNNs in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in both male and female mice, while PNNs in the terete hypothalamic nucleus exhibit sexual dimorphism. Additionally, high-fat diet feeding increases terete PNNs only in female mice but not in male mice.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jie Cui, Ghania Ait-Ghezala, Kumar Sambamurti, Feng Gao, Yong Shen, Rena Li
Summary: This study identified an estrogen-specific BACE1 transcriptional regulation pathway, providing new clues for the study of sex differences and AD pathology, from cell and animal models to AD patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jill M. Siegfried
Summary: Lung cancer and COPD show sex and gender differences in their presentations and outcomes, with incidence increasing in women over the past 50 years. Estrogen may play a role in promoting the development of both diseases, affecting the immune system response and activating estrogen receptors in the lung cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Young Hee Lee, Yu-Been Kim, Kyu Sik Kim, Mirae Jang, Ha Young Song, Sang-Ho Jung, Dong-Soo Ha, Joon Seok Park, Jaegeon Lee, Kyung Min Kim, Deok-Hyeon Cheon, Inhyeok Baek, Min-Gi Shin, Eun Jeong Lee, Sang Jeong Kim, Hyung Jin Choi
Summary: The authors reveal that two distinct lateral hypothalamic leptin receptor neurons regulate seeking and consummatory phases of eating behaviour through Neuropeptide Y. Activation of these neurons promotes seeking or consummatory behaviours, while inhibition reduces consummatory behaviours. These findings provide potential therapeutic targets for maladaptive food seeking and consummatory behaviours.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Swaha Satpathy, Arjun Patra, Muhammad Delwar Hussain, Mohsin Kazi, Mohammed S. Aldughaim, Bharti Ahirwar
Summary: The study demonstrates that the FRAC from Pueraria tuberosa has potential for treating menopausal osteoporosis, as well as possessing anticancer activity. Through experiments and analysis, it is concluded that the FRAC contains various bioactive compounds and can improve biomechanical and biochemical parameters.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lingxue Meng, Jian Liu, Congcong Wang, Zedong Ouyang, Jiahua Kuang, Qihua Pang, Ruifang Fan
Summary: The study showed that BPA and its analogs may cause oxidative damage to rat hippocampal neurons, but BPS has lower toxicity. Additionally, there are nonmonotonic dose-effect relationships between the concentrations of BPs and cytotoxic effects on hippocampal neurons, with males being more sensitive to BPs than females.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Longlong Tu, Makoto Fukuda, Qingchun Tong, Yong Xu
Summary: This review discusses the role of the brain in glucose homeostasis, particularly in the contexts of hypoglycemia and diabetes, emphasizing the potential roles played by non-neuronal cells and extracellular matrix, as well as the ionic mechanisms by which glucose-sensing neurons sense fluctuations of ambient glucose levels.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anela Blazevic, Anand M. Iyer, Marie-Louise F. Van Velthuysen, Johannes Hofland, Lindsey Oudijk, Wouter W. de Herder, Leo J. Hofland, Richard A. Feelders
Summary: Small-intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) have a higher prevalence and worse prognosis in male patients. This study found that mesenteric metastasis and fibrosis were more common in men than women. The risk of mesenteric metastasis in women increased around menopause. The expression of estrogen receptor alpha and androgen receptor was observed in primary tumors and mesenteric metastases.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
P. Ordenes, P. S. Villar, E. Tarifeno-Saldivia, M. Salgado, R. Elizondo-Vega, Ricardo C. Araneda, Maria A. Garcia-Robles
Summary: The study investigated the impact of lactate receptor HCAR1 on POMC neurons, revealing that lactate can modulate neuronal excitability through both intracellular and intercellular actions, with HCAR1 mainly located in astrocytes rather than POMC neurons.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Binod Timalsina, Md Nazmul Haque, Raju Dash, Ho Jin Choi, Nisha Ghimire, Il Soo Moon
Summary: TASE and thymol have potent capacities in promoting neuronal development and reconstruction, which are crucial for neurodegenerative disorders and acute brain injuries.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel Pinto-Benito, Carmen Paradela-Leal, Danny Ganchala, Paula de Castro-Molina, Maria-Angeles Arevalo
Summary: IGF-1 regulates phagocytosis and inflammatory response of reactive astrocytes differently in males and females through the p110 alpha isoform of PI3K.
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
GianCarlo Panzica, Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marilena Marraudino, Brigitta Bonaldo, Benedetto Vitiello, Giovanna C. Bergui, GianCarlo Panzica
Summary: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has different characteristics in males and females, both in terms of psychological features and brain areas involved. Impulsivity, low self-control, anxiety, emotion dysregulation, and depression are some of the psychological features associated with IGD that show a sex dimorphism. More research, including animal models, is needed to better understand sex differences in IGD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
D. Grassi, M. Marraudino, L. M. Garcia-Segura, G. C. Panzica
Summary: This article reviews the roles of estradiol and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in coordinating reproduction, body physiology, growth, and metabolism. The authors discuss the cyto- and chemo-architecture, connectivity, and function of PVN, as well as the sex-specific regulation exerted by estradiol on PVN neurons and the expression of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, neuropeptides, and neurohormones in PVN. The study also highlights the importance of classical and non-classical estrogen receptors (ERs) in modulating body homeostasis through PVN.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Natalia Lagunas, Jose Manuel Fernandez-Garcia, Noemi Blanco, Antonio Ballesta, Beatriz Carrillo, Maria-Angeles Arevalo, Paloma Collado, Helena Pinos, Daniela Grassi
Summary: Sex steroid hormones exert organizational and activational effects on the brain and peripheral tissues. Estradiol, testosterone, and their metabolites exert their biological action through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and androgen receptors (AR) differs between males and females, suggesting a sex-dependent regulation. This study investigates the effects of estrogens and androgens on the pituitary and adrenal glands, and suggests that neonatal modification of these pathways can lead to permanent changes in neuroendocrine functions.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucas E. Cabrera Zapata, Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura, Maria Julia Cambiasso, Maria Angeles Arevalo
Summary: Neuroendocrinologists have long studied the role of gonadal hormones in sex differences in the brain, but it is only recently that the role of sex chromosomes has been explored. X and Y chromosomes encode different genetic information and are subject to different epigenetic regulations, contributing to sex differences between XX and XY individuals throughout life.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Giovanna Ponti, Elisabetta Bo, Brigitta Bonaldo, Alice Farinetti, Marilena Marraudino, Giancarlo Panzica, Stefano Gotti
Summary: Exposure to TBT during pregnancy and lactation alters feeding efficiency and fat distribution in adult male mice, and affects the neuropeptide Y system in the paraventricular nucleus.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew J. J. McGovern, Maria Angeles Arevalo, Sergio Ciordia, Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura, George E. E. Barreto
Summary: The existence of sex differences in disease incidence is partly due to sex differences in metabolism. These differences may be subtle and influenced by multiple sex-specific factors. Hormone interactions may regulate Alzheimer's disease and the electron transport chain-associated pathways by altering the expression of respiratory proteins.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Brigitta Bonaldo, Antonino Casile, Francesca Montarolo, Martina Bettarelli, Francesca Napoli, Stefano Gotti, GianCarlo Panzica, Marilena Marraudino
Summary: Epidemiological studies suggest that multiple sclerosis (MS) is influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Of particular concern are endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS), which have been implicated in the etiology of MS. In this study, the effects of perinatal exposure to BPA and BPS on a mouse model of MS were examined, revealing that exposure to these compounds was particularly detrimental in males, leading to an earlier disease onset, increased motoneuron loss, exacerbation of disease course, and increased inflammation markers in the spinal cord.
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luis M. Garcia-Segura, Pablo Mendez, M. Angeles Arevalo, Inigo Azcoitia
Summary: The brain synthesizes various neurosteroids, including neuroestradiol, which have effects on neurodevelopmental processes. The synthesis of neuroestradiol influences neurogenesis, neuroblast migration, neuritogenesis, and synaptogenesis. Some of the effects of neuroestradiol are sex-specific, and the X linked gene regulation may determine the sex-specific actions of neuroestradiol in the female brain.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jaione Auzmendi-Iriarte, Leire Moreno-Cugnon, Ander Saenz-Antonanzas, Daniela Grassi, Marian M. de Pancorbo, Maria-Angeles Arevalo, Ian C. Wood, Ander Matheu
Summary: The study found that levels of HDACs increase in microglial cells upon induction of senescence in vitro and in mouse and human hippocampal biopsies in vivo. Publicly available datasets showed changes in HDAC expression in different brain areas during physiological aging.
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2022)