Adjuvant Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Prospect of Immunotherapy

Although patients undergo procedures with curative intent for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), up to 70% of patients may have disease recurrence in the liver at 5 years. Thus far, no therapy has proven to be effective in the adjuvant setting. Here, we discuss the application of immune-based therapies in the adjuvant setting for HCC, focusing on the underlying rationale for immunotherapies, which patients may benefit from an immune-based therapy, and what type of immune therapy should be implemented.