Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Michael J. Foster, Coda Phillips, Andrew K. Heidinger, Eva E. Borbas, Yue Li, W. Paul Menzel, Andi Walther, Elisabeth Weisz
Summary: A new version 6.0 of the PATMOS-x multidecadal cloud record is now available, showing improved stability and consistency compared to the previous version. This is achieved through the addition of multidimensional variables, constraining cloud retrievals to available radiometric bands, and incorporating data from the HIRS instrument.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Maximilien Bolot, Lucas M. Harris, Kai-Yuan Cheng, Timothy M. Merlis, Peter N. Blossey, Christopher S. Bretherton, Spencer K. Clark, Alex Kaltenbaugh, Linjiong Zhou, Stephan Fueglistaler
Summary: Changes in tropical deep convection with global warming are a leading uncertainty for future climate projections. A study comparing cloud ice measurements and model simulations shows that the ice loading increases in the most active convection regions with warming, while decreasing in other regions. This change is strongly influenced by changes in convective velocities.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ying-Bo Niu, Bo Zhu, Ling-Yan He, Zhe Wang, Xiao-Yu Lin, Meng-Xue Tang, Xiao-Feng Huang
Summary: Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) is an important chlorine reservoir in the atmosphere that affects the oxidation capacity. Observations at a background site in the Pearl River Delta in southern China showed elevated ClNO2 accumulation at night and active N2O5 heterogeneous chemistry during the day. The high nocturnal ClNO2 production and its daytime photochemistry have significant implications for regional air quality modeling.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shaojie Song, Tao Ma, Yuzhong Zhang, Lu Shen, Pengfei Liu, Ke Li, Shixian Zhai, Haotian Zheng, Meng Gao, Jonathan M. Moch, Fengkui Duan, Kebin He, Michael B. McElroy
Summary: The study simulated the global distribution of HMS in spatial and seasonal patterns, finding that East Asia has the highest concentration of HMS with seasonal variations, and the highest HMS concentration and ratio were found in northern China during winter.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Michelle E. Frazer, Yi Ming
Summary: A negative shortwave cloud feedback associated with higher extratropical liquid water content in mixed-phase clouds is not only influenced by the phase change feasibility, but also by the dynamic condensation process.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ke Zhang, Long Zhao, Wenjun Tang, Kun Yang, Jing Wang
Summary: This article presents a comprehensive evaluation of the CERES SYN1deg Edition 4A surface solar radiation product from 2000 to 2018. The evaluation includes global and regional assessments, considering different temporal scales and the impact of clouds. The results show mixed performance across all valid station-grid pairs, with both underestimation and overestimation of SSR over land and ocean. The monthly CERES SSR product holds promise for global weather prediction and climate monitoring. However, it is important to consider the influence of clouds, especially at hourly temporal scales. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of careful use of SSR measurements due to spatial representativeness issues.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Guillaume Roussel, Mathieu Turpin, Yves Bardout, Guillaume Jubelin
Summary: A short-term cloud forecasting method based on optical flows is used to increase the number of cloud-free images obtained from Earth observation satellites. The method is validated and adapted for global scale use across different climate types, leading to better acquisition rates of cloud-free images compared to traditional numerical weather prediction models.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Songlin Liu, Weidong Fan, Xin Wang, Jun Chen, Hao Guo
Summary: This study re-evaluates the rate constant and activation energy of N2O elementary reaction and improves the elementary reaction involving N2O based on previous research. The kinetic parameters of N2O reacting with other substances are also updated, providing important references for the research on N2O and nitrogen oxides.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Lulin Xue, Sudarsan Bera, Sisi Chen, Harish Choudhary, Shivsai Dixit, Wojciech W. Grabowski, Sandeep Jayakumar, Steven Krueger, Gayatri Kulkarni, Sonia Lasher-Trapp, Holly Mallinson, Thara Prabhakaran, Shin-Ichiro Shima
Summary: The 10th International Cloud Modeling Workshop was a virtual event that brought together over 120 cloud modeling researchers to discuss recent progress in dynamics-microphysics interactions in numerical models and explore pathways to enhance our understanding across various scales.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
N. Rampal, R. Davies
Summary: This study examines rare examples of marine boundary layer clouds that undergo a sharp transition from supercooled to glaciated phase. The researchers used Lidar and MODIS measurements to identify these transitions and found that the brightness temperature difference abruptly changes while visible reflectivity and shortwave infrared reflectivity only show weak changes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Remote Sensing
Rohit Singh, Mantosh Biswas, Mahesh Pal
Summary: This study proposes a novel spatial-spectral attention transformer for cloud detection (SSATR-CD) that replaces convolution with image patches to generate an enhanced feature map. The proposed method was tested on a new Sentinel-2 data set (IndiaS2) with various types of cloud covers and showed effective and efficient results.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yaowen Wu, Runsheng Yin, Chao Li, Di Chen, Stephen E. Grasby, Tengfei Li, Sui Ji, Hui Tian, Ping'an Peng
Summary: This study investigates the co-evolution of environment and complex life during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition through the analysis of mercury (Hg) abundance and isotopes in sediments from South China and the Indian craton. The results suggest that volcanism played a significant role in the extinction of Ediacaran biota and global negative carbon excursions, and the burial of organic matter in the oceans during the early Cambrian led to an increase in Earth's oxygen levels and the appearance of more complex large-body animals.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Takashi Nakagawa
Summary: Using numerical modeling, this study explores the mechanisms governing deep Earth water content variations and evaluates their impact on sea-level changes. The results indicate that the balance between ingassing flux and dehydration flux in the mantle wedge primarily determines the temporal variations of deep Earth water content. Notably, the water content of oceanic crust plays a significant role in controlling the ingassing flux.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Chun- Fan, Jheng-Jia Huang, Shang-Wei Tseng, I-Te Chen
Summary: Cloud computing is increasingly popular, with enterprises and users seeking the convenience and cost-effectiveness of cloud storage. DEPSKY has overcome some limitations of cloud storage, but has its own shortcomings. This paper proposes a new data-outsourcing scheme that not only addresses the issues with DEPSKY, but also offers a faster recovery method.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CLOUD COMPUTING
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Michael Peterson
Summary: Lightning processes generate a variety of optical pulses that are spatially and temporally broadened via scattering in the clouds. The properties of these optical pulses vary across different types of lightning, global locations, and event amplitude. The most powerful lightning tends to have distinct waveform characteristics, while dim events are more difficult to detect.
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Christopher M. Jernigan, Charles H. Fite, Luc Vereecken, Max B. Berkelhammer, Andrew W. Rollins, Pamela S. Rickly, Anna Novelli, Domenico Taraborrelli, Christopher D. Holmes, Timothy H. Bertram
Summary: The oxidation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the primary source of stratospheric sulfate aerosol particles. This study investigates the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its contribution to OCS production. The results show that the production of OCS from DMS is smaller than previously estimated, with a maximum in the tropics and sensitivity to cloud chemistry.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chelsea E. Stockwell, Megan M. Bela, Matthew M. Coggon, Georgios Gkatzelis, Elizabeth Wiggins, Emily M. Gargulinski, Taylor Shingler, Marta Fenn, Debora Griffin, Christopher D. Holmes, Xinxin Ye, Pablo E. Saide, Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, Caroline C. Womack, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Patrick R. Veres, J. Andrew Neuman, Jessica B. Gilman, Aaron Lamplugh, Rebecca H. Schwantes, Stuart A. McKeen, Armin Wisthaler, Felix Piel, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, Alan Fried, Thomas F. Hanisco, Lewis Gregory Huey, Anne Perring, Joseph M. Katich, Glenn S. Diskin, John B. Nowak, T. Paul Bui, Hannah S. Halliday, Joshua P. DiGangi, Gabriel Pereira, Eric P. James, Ravan Ahmadov, Chris A. McLinden, Amber J. Soja, Richard H. Moore, Johnathan W. Hair, Carsten Warneke
Summary: In this study, a novel method is proposed to estimate carbon emissions from wildfire plumes using a combination of lidar remote sensing and in situ measurements. The results show strong agreement with traditional methods and also demonstrate a strong correlation between carbon monoxide emissions and TROPOMI predictions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Y. H. Wong, J. A. Geddes, J. A. Ducker, C. D. Holmes, S. Fares, A. H. Goldstein, I. Mammarella, J. W. Munger
Summary: Dry deposition can partially explain the changes in ambient ozone during extreme hot and dry episodes. The response of ozone deposition to heat and dry anomalies shows that the increase in non-stomatal conductance may offset the decrease in stomatal conductance, resulting in a smaller net reduction or even net increase in total deposition velocity.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Carsten Warneke, Joshua P. Schwarz, Jack Dibb, Olga Kalashnikova, Gregory Frost, Jassim Al-Saad, Steven S. Brown, Wm Alan Brewer, Amber Soja, Felix C. Seidel, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Richard H. Moore, Bruce E. Anderson, Carolyn Jordan, Tara Yacovitch, Scott C. Herndon, Shang Liu, Toshihiro Kuwayama, Daniel Jaffe, Nancy Johnston, Vanessa Selimovic, Robert Yokelson, David M. Giles, Brent N. Holben, Philippe Goloub, Ioana Popovici, Michael Trainer, Aditya Kumar, R. Bradley Pierce, David Fahey, James Roberts, Emily M. Gargulinski, David A. Peterson, Xinxin Ye, Laura H. Thapa, Pablo E. Saide, Charles H. Fite, Christopher D. Holmes, Siyuan Wang, Matthew M. Coggon, Zachary C. J. Decker, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Lu Xu, Georgios Gkatzelis, Kenneth Aikin, Barry Lefer, Jackson Kaspari, Debora Griffin, Linghan Zeng, Rodney Weber, Meredith Hastings, Jiajue Chai, Glenn M. Wolfe, Thomas F. Hanisco, Jin Liao, Pedro Campuzano Jost, Hongyu Guo, Jose L. Jimenez, James Crawford
Summary: The NOAA/NASA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) experiment aimed to study the impact of fires on regional and global environments and air quality. The experiment measured trace gas and aerosol emissions, observed fire dynamics, assessed fire modeling, and examined connections to ground and satellite observables. The experiment involved aircraft, satellites, mobile laboratories, and ground sites.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Letter
Environmental Sciences
Christopher D. Holmes, Holly K. Nowell
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
K. A. Graham, C. D. Holmes, G. Friedrich, C. D. Rauschenberg, C. R. Williams, J. W. Bottenheim, F. P. Chavez, J. W. Halfacre, D. K. Perovich, P. B. Shepson, W. R. Simpson, P. A. Matrai
Summary: As the Arctic climate warms, understanding variability and change in the Arctic carbon cycle is crucial. This study analyzed atmospheric CO2 measurements in the Arctic from on-ice measurements and coastal observatories. The results showed differences in seasonal amplitudes between on-ice and coastal measurements and contradicted expectations of CO2 increases during winter. A model simulation explained most of the CO2 variability over the Arctic Ocean, with terrestrial biosphere fluxes and synoptic transport playing a major role. Coastal sites had similar interannual variability, but sea ice observations were distinct and not reproduced by the model, suggesting air-sea CO2 exchange as an important driver.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Joey C. Y. Lam, Amos P. K. Tai, Jason A. Ducker, Christopher D. Holmes
Summary: Ground-level ozone (O-3) is a major air pollutant that affects human health and ecosystem productivity. Plant stomatal uptake of O-3 can cause damage to plant tissues and impact ecosystem and crop health. A new ecophysiology module was developed to simulate land-atmosphere exchange of gas species in a chemical transport model, allowing for dynamic responses to atmospheric changes.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Viral Shah, Daniel J. Jacob, Ruijun Dang, Lok N. Lamsal, Sarah A. Strode, Stephen D. Steenrod, K. Folkert Boersma, Sebastian D. Eastham, Thibaud M. Fritz, Chelsea Thompson, Jeff Peischl, Ilann Bourgeois, Ilana B. Pollack, Benjamin A. Nault, Ronald C. Cohen, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, Simone T. Andersen, Lucy J. Carpenter, Tomas Sherwen, Mat J. Evans
Summary: Satellite-based retrievals of tropospheric NO2 columns are widely used to infer NOx emissions. These retrievals rely on model information for the vertical distribution of NO2. Free tropospheric background above 2 km is important for these retrievals and has a significant impact on tropospheric OH and ozone concentrations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
William F. Swanson, Chris D. Holmes, William R. Simpson, Kaitlyn Confer, Louis Marelle, Jennie L. Thomas, Lyatt Jaegle, Becky Alexander, Shuting Zhai, Qianjie Chen, Xuan Wang, Tomas Sherwen
Summary: Reactive halogens, emitted from snowpack and reactions on wind-blown snow-sourced aerosols, play an important role in the atmospheric chemistry of the Arctic during springtime. In this study, Arctic reactive bromine chemistry was simulated using the atmospheric chemical transport model GEOS-Chem, with two mechanisms included: blowing snow sea salt aerosol formation and snowpack bromine production. The simulations were compared to observations of bromine monoxide (BrO) concentrations, and it was found that both mechanisms are active during the Arctic spring, with the snowpack source having a greater impact on BrO mixing ratios.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, J. Andrew Neuman, Steven S. Brown, Hannah M. Allen, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Matthew M. Coggon, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Jessica B. Gilman, Georgios Gkatzelis, Hongyu Guo, Hannah A. Halliday, Thomas F. Hanisco, Christopher D. Holmes, L. Gregory Huey, Jose L. Jimenez, Aaron D. Lamplugh, Young Ro Lee, Jakob Lindaas, Richard H. Moore, Benjamin A. Nault, John B. Nowak, Demetrios Pagonis, Pamela S. Rickly, Michael A. Robinson, Andrew W. Rollins, Vanessa Selimovic, Jason M. St Clair, David Tanner, Krystal T. Vasquez, Patrick R. Veres, Carsten Warneke, Paul O. Wennberg, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Caroline C. Womack, Lu Xu, Kyle J. Zarzana, Thomas B. Ryerson
Summary: This article presents a comparison of fast-response instruments installed on the NASA DC-8 aircraft for the measurement of nitrogen oxides, nitrous acid, total reactive odd nitrogen, and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. The study highlights the differences between different instruments and discusses the issue of unmeasured species in smoke.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christopher D. Holmes
Summary: The method of entrainment-limited kinetics allows for more accurate and efficient simulation of cloud chemistry reactions, particularly in bimolecular reactions. The numerical errors in this method are smaller when compared to other commonly used methods in simulating cloud chemistry.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Stephen MacFarlane, Jenny A. Fisher, Hannah M. Horowitz, Viral Shah
Summary: This article examines the anthropogenic mercury emissions in Australia and their impact on the environment. The study finds that Australian anthropogenic mercury emissions have decreased by more than a factor of two over the past twenty years. The authors also find that Australian emissions are not accurately represented in recent global emissions inventories and that differences between inventories have a larger impact than emissions trends on simulated mercury deposition. Overall, this work suggests that Australia will benefit significantly from the Minamata Convention, with further reductions to Australian mercury deposition expected from decreases in both Australian and global anthropogenic emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Aryeh Feinberg, Thandolwethu Dlamini, Martin Jiskra, Viral Shah, Noelle E. Selin
Summary: Recent studies have found that vegetation uptake of atmospheric mercury and subsequent release to the soil may be an important pathway for mercury pollution. The global magnitude of this process, however, is still highly uncertain. By comparing model simulations with measurements from forested sites, researchers were able to refine the model and improve its accuracy in predicting vegetation uptake of mercury.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Shihan Sun, Amos P. K. Tai, David H. Y. Yung, Anthony Y. H. Wong, Jason A. Ducker, Christopher D. Holmes
Summary: Dry deposition is an important process for removing surface ozone, and the parameterization methods for stomatal uptake differ in current models. Evaluating two commonly used dry deposition modeling frameworks, it was found that the photosynthesis-based stomatal algorithm can improve simulation results and the changing CO2 concentration affects stomatal responses.