Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hyun Min Lee
Summary: This study explores the option of using scalar leptoquarks to explain anomalies in the semileptonic decays of B mesons and discrepancies in lepton (g-2)(l) values. The specific couplings of triplet and singlet leptoquarks are discussed in relation to Re(K) and R-D(*) anomalies, subject to constraints from B -> K nu(nu) over bar decays. Additionally, the correlation between leptoquark-induced leptonic signatures and desirable neutrino masses, primarily generated by top-quark loops in the extension of the model with multiple doublet leptoquarks, is examined.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nivedita Ghosh, Santosh Kumar Rai, Tousik Samui
Summary: Despite the success of the Standard Model, the search for physics beyond the Standard Model continues. In this study, a BSM model involving a leptoquark, a vectorlike lepton, and a real scalar singlet is considered. The model explains a dark matter candidate through a Z2 symmetry and predicts the muon (g - 2) in agreement with experimental results. Collider signatures arising from the pair production of the leptoquark are also studied in the viable parameter space of the model.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Ulrich Haisch, Giacomo Polesello
Summary: This study proposes novel LHC searches for leptoquarks (LQs) using production methods beyond strong interaction, and provides detailed evaluations of achievable sensitivities for corresponding LQ signatures. Realistic analysis strategies are developed for resonant signals involving bottom quark and tau lepton, top quark and missing transverse energy, and light-flavour jets plus missing transverse energy, allowing for stringent constraints on the masses and couplings of third-generation singlet vector LQs. The proposed search channels have the potential to probe interesting parts of the LQ parameter space addressing B-physics anomalies at future LHC runs.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Shi-Ping He
Summary: Leptoquark (LQ) models are proposed as reasonable solutions to the (g - 2)(mu) anomaly. In the minimal LQ models, only specific representations can lead to chiral enhancements, either for top quarks or bottom quarks. Additionally, when considering LQ and vector-like quark (VLQ) simultaneously, more scenarios can arise. This study focuses on the scalar LQ and VLQ extended models with down-type quark chiral enhancement, identifying new models with B quark chiral enhancements originating from bottom and bottom partner mixing. New LQ and VLQ search channels are proposed under the constraints of (g - 2)(mu).
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Gaber Faisel, Jhih-Ying Su, Jusak Tandean
Summary: The study investigates the impact of scalar leptoquarks on flavor-changing neutral-current decays of charmed hadrons, focusing on scenarios involving R-2, (R)tilde(2), and (S)bar(1) leptoquarks. The findings suggest that the branching fractions induced by R-2 may reach levels of 10(-7)-10(-6), while the effect of (R)tilde(2) is relatively weaker. Contributions from (S)bar(1) could lead to branching fractions up to 10(-3), indicating that these decays might be accessible to future experiments and serve as probes of leptoquark interactions with sterile neutrinos.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Mari Ganesh Kumar, Shrikanth Narayanan, Mriganka Sur, Hema A. Murthy
Summary: The paper proposes a biometric recognition model based on EEG signals by normalizing the associated variance, resulting in task-independent lower dimensional embeddings.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kingman Cheung, Wai-Yee Keung, Po-Yan Tseng
Summary: By investigating the isodoublet vector leptoquark V-2, we can address the B anomalies, explain the muon and electron anomalous magnetic moments, as well as account for the recent W-mass anomaly.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Rachel Houtz, Julie Pages, Sokratis Trifinopoulos
Summary: Studied gauge models with massive vector leptoquarks and focused on the renormalization group evolution of the scalar sector. Found that despite the asymptotic freedom of gauge couplings, Landau poles can appear at relatively low scales due to the fast running of quartic couplings. Discussed the possibility of radiative electroweak symmetry breaking and the associated fine-tuning related to the hierarchy between the electroweak scale and additional TeV-scale scalars. Explored the idea of scalar fields unification based on the ultraviolet embeddings of the 4321 model.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shi-Ping He
Summary: Leptoquark (LQ) models, together with vectorlike quark (VLQ) models, can explain the (g - 2)mu anomaly due to their chiral enhancements. The research considers one-LQ and one-VLQ extended models, where contributions from top quarks and top partners play a significant role. In addition, a new S3 solution to the anomaly is found in the presence of a (X; T; B)L;R triplet. New LQ search channels are proposed, including the decay of LQ into T mu final states, which can produce distinctive multitop and multimuon signals at hadron colliders.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Jason Aebischer, Gino Isidori, Marko Pesut, Ben A. Stefanek, Felix Wilsch
Summary: In this study, we provide an updated phenomenological analysis of the simplified U-1-leptoquark model, which addresses the charged-current B-meson anomalies. Our analysis demonstrates that the low-energy data, which is dominated by the lepton flavor universality ratios R-D and R-D*, is in good agreement with the high-energy constraints obtained from pp → ττ-bar Drell-Yan data. We also find that the current data is consistent with a framework in which the leptoquark couples with similar strength to both left- and right-handed third-generation fermions, which is well-motivated from a model-building perspective. Furthermore, we predict that the high-energy implications of this setup will be experimentally tested at the 95% confidence level during the high-luminosity phase of the LHC.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chen He, Ke Xu, Xiaoyan Zhu, Paige S. Dunphy, Brian Gudenas, Wenwei Lin, Nathaniel Twarog, Laura D. Hover, Chang-Hyuk Kwon, Lawryn H. Kasper, Junyuan Zhang, Xiaoyu Li, James Dalton, Barbara Jonchere, Kimberly S. Mercer, Duane G. Currier, William Caufield, Yingzhe Wang, Jia Xie, Alberto Broniscer, Cynthia Wetmore, Santhosh A. Upadhyaya, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Paul Klimo, Frederick Boop, Amar Gajjar, Jinghui Zhang, Brent A. Orr, Giles W. Robinson, Michelle Monje, Burgess B. Freeman, Martine F. Roussel, Paul A. Northcott, Taosheng Chen, Zoran Rankovic, Gang Wu, Jason Chiang, Christopher L. Tinkle, Anang A. Shelat, Suzanne J. Baker
Summary: In this study, researchers established a series of models related to pediatric high-grade gliomas, replicating the histopathology, DNA methylation signatures, and gene expression patterns of patient tumors. High-throughput screening results showed variable responses to PI3K/mTOR and MEK pathway inhibitors. These models provide a rich resource for pediatric brain tumor research.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Federica Ferretti, Simon Grosse-Holz, Caroline Holmes, Jordan L. Shivers, Irene Giardina, Thierry Mora, Aleksandra M. Walczak
Summary: This study investigates the irreversibility and entropy production rate in the phenomenon of flocking in 2D systems, and reveals the asymmetry in the steady-state distribution of the flock's microstates as a signature of irreversibility. The findings provide insights into quantifying the departure from equilibrium and extracting information about interaction potentials from data.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Nicolas Gonzalo Nunez, Jonas Schmid, Laura Power, Chiara Alberti, Sinduya Krishnarajah, Stefanie Kreutmair, Susanne Unger, Sebastian Blanco, Brenda Konigheim, Constanza Marin, Luisina Onofrio, Jenny Christine Kienzler, Sara Costa-Pereira, Florian Ingelfinger, Fabio Cerban, Laura Chiapello, Carolina Montes, Cristina Motran, Jeremias Dutto, Laura Almada, Lucia Boffelli, Lorena Spinsanti, Adrian Diaz, Maria Elisa Rivarola, Javier Aguilar E. Bioq, Mauricio M. Beranek, Marina Pasinovich, Juan Castelli, Carla Vizzotti, Maximilian Schaefer, Juan Villar-Vesga, Sarah Mundt, Carla Helena Merten, Aakriti Sethi, Tobias Wertheimer, Mirjam Lutz, Danusia Vanoaica, Claudia Sotomayor, Adriana Gruppi, Christian Muenz, Diego Cardozo, Gabriela Barbas, Laura Lopez, Paula Carreno, Gonzalo Castro, Elias Raboy, Sandra Gallego, Gabriel V. Moron, Laura A. Cervi, Eva Acosta Rodriguez, Belkys Maletto, Mariana Maccioni, Burkhard Becher
Summary: A study analyzed the immune response of different COVID-19 vaccines (adenoviral, mRNA, and inactivated virus) in 16 combinations. Heterologous combinations of adenoviral and inactivated-virus vaccines were more immunogenic than homologous regimens. The mRNA vaccine as the second dose generated the strongest antibody response and highest frequency of spike-binding memory B cells regardless of the priming vaccine. Priming with inactivated-virus vaccine boosted the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response. Different vaccine combinations elicited distinct immune signatures, highlighting the importance of vaccine type and order of administration.
Review
Oncology
Claudio Luparello
Summary: Exposure of cancer cells to cadmium and its compounds often leads to the development of more malignant phenotypes, contributing to the acceleration of tumor progression. Cadmium, known as a transcriptional regulator, induces molecular reprogramming, and the study of differentially expressed genes enables identification and classification of molecular signatures as potential biomarkers for clinical research. Selected studies detecting cadmium-associated signatures in various tumor cell models have been summarized in this review.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Miha Srdinsek, Tomaz Prosen, Spyros Sotiriadis
Summary: We studied signatures of quantum chaos in (1 + 1)D quantum field theory models using the Hamiltonian truncation method. The level spacing statistics approach the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE), while the eigenvector components exhibit a distribution markedly different from the expected Gaussian behavior. The transition to chaotic behavior in level spacing statistics occurs in the perturbative regime, and the distribution of eigenvector components does not appear to change or approach Gaussian behavior even for relatively large perturbations.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Michael J. Baker, Joachim Kopp, Andrew J. Long
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Javier Fuentes-Martin, Pedro Ruiz-Femenia, Avelino Vicente, Javier Virto
Summary: DsixTools is a Mathematica package designed for handling standard model effective field theory and low-energy effective field theory, providing a repository of operators and parameters with routines for global expression implementation.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Mathias Heiles, Matthias Koenig, Matthias Neubert
Summary: The paper constructs an effective field theory describing the decays of a heavy vector resonance V into Standard Model particles based on SCETBSM. By using the renormalization-group evolution of the couplings in the effective Lagrangian, large logarithms associated with the scale ratio can be resummed to all orders.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Michael J. Baker, Peter Cox, Raymond R. Volkas
Summary: Precision measurements of the Higgs couplings are now probing the mechanism of fermion mass generation, particularly focusing on the third-family, and revealing that radiative mass generation models can be consistent with current observations. Future colliders may not rule out a radiative origin for fermion masses, but can explore interesting regions of parameter space.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Javier Fuentes-Martin, Matthias Koenig, Julie Pages, Anders Eller Thomsen, Felix Wilsch
Summary: SuperTracer is a Mathematica package designed to simplify the functional matching computations for generic UV models, automating tedious tasks. Users may still need to further reduce the output using various methods.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Javier Fuentes-Martin, Gino Isidori, Julie Pages, Ben A. Stefanek
Summary: In this study, the neutrino mass spectrum is analyzed and an extra-dimensional interpretation of a three-site Pati-Salam model is discussed. The model unifies all families of quark and leptons, provides a natural description of the Standard Model Yukawa couplings, and could potentially explain recent B-physics anomalies. The key feature of the model is the breaking of the Pati-Salam and electroweak gauge symmetries localized on opposite sites, with communication via nearest-neighbor interactions.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Claudia Cornella, Darius A. Faroughy, Javier Fuentes-Martin, Gino Isidori, Matthias Neubert
Summary: Motivated by recent LHCb results, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of flavor anomalies in B meson decays. The analysis includes a model-independent effective field-theory approach and considers different models, such as a vector leptoquark as the mediator. New aspects of the analysis include constraints from various rare B-decay modes and updated collider bounds on the leptoquark mass and couplings.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Michael J. Baker, Darius A. Faroughy, Sokratis Trifinopoulos
Summary: Studied a dark sector with Majorana dark matter and coloured coannihilation partner connected to the Standard Model via a U-1 vector leptoquark; TeV scale U-1 leptoquark is the only successful single-mediator description of B-physics anomalies, showing resonant signatures and excluded by searches at LHC.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Michael J. Baker, Andrea Thamm
Summary: Photons emitted from an evaporating black hole have the potential to provide comprehensive information about the particle spectrum of nature, up to the Planck scale. Observing an evaporating black hole could open a unique window to study models beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. By computing the limits, we find that an evaporating black hole observed at a distance of 0.01 parsecs could probe the size of a dark sector.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Javier Fuentes-Martin, Gino Isidori, Javier M. Lizana, Nudzeim Selimovic, Ben A. Stefanek
Summary: The recent anomalies of B mesons can be coherently explained at the TeV scale using 4321 gauge models with hierarchical couplings. These models originate from a complete theory of flavor based on a warped fifth dimension, where each Standard Model family exists on a different brane. This novel construction unifies quarks and leptons in a non-universal flavor manner, providing a natural description of flavor hierarchies and addressing the electroweak hierarchy problem.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Javier Fuentes-Martin, Matthias Konig, Julie Pages, Anders Eller Thomsen, Felix Wilsch
Summary: Effective Field Theory calculations often use dimensional regularization, which extends beyond four-dimensional operator bases. The extra operators, known as evanescent operators, can be removed through suitable renormalization schemes, resulting in finite shifts of physical operators. This study focuses on extending the modern matching techniques to account for these shifts and provides calculations for removing all evanescent operators in the one-loop matching of UV theories to the Standard Model Effective Field Theory.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Javier Fuentes-Martin, Matthias Koenig, Julie Pages, Anders Eller Thomsen, Felix Wilsch
Summary: This article introduces Matchete, a computer tool for matching weakly-coupled models at one-loop order. It can directly compute all matching contributions and simplify redundant operators from the output. This tool is crucial for studying the impact of new-physics models on low-energy observables.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2023)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Michael J. Baker, Peter Cox, Raymond R. Volkas
Summary: Recent measurements have directly probed muon mass generation for the first time, suggesting that benchmark models can be best tested through (g-2)(mu) measurements, potentially indicating a radiative origin of muon mass if the current anomaly is confirmed.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Marzia Bordone, Claudia Cornella, Gino Isidori, Matthias Koenig
Summary: This study examines the precision testing of mu/e universality in B -> pi l(+) l(-) decays, showing that the ratio between muonic and electronic decay widths can be accurately predicted in a wide range of the dilepton invariant mass spectrum within and beyond the Standard Model. Numerical expressions are provided to extract precise information on short-distance dynamics in case of any deviation from universality in the observed data.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2021)
