Article
Environmental Sciences
Junhong Park, Myunghwan Shin, Jongchul Lee, Jongtae Lee
Summary: The South Korean government has tightened emission regulations for newly manufactured vehicles to reduce air pollution. Research shows that the on-road NOx emissions of some diesel vehicles exceed regulatory limits, and emissions vary significantly based on driving parameters.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
David Tena-Gago, Qi Wang, Jose M. Alcaraz-Calero
Summary: Autonomous driving should consider its carbon footprint for a sustainable future. This work proposes a new, portable, and cost-effective CO2 emissions sensor in a Light Duty Vehicle, enabling carbon footprint aware autonomous driving. The solution achieves real-time reporting of CO2 emissions, satisfying non-invasive procedures, and is validated in compliance with EU's emissions test procedures.
INTERNET OF THINGS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xing-hang Zhu, Hong-di He, Kai-fa Lu, Zhong-ren Peng, H. Oliver Gao
Summary: This study used the PEMS to reveal real-world emissions from two light-duty gasoline vehicles, and found that engine load and engine speed are the most dominant factors affecting vehicular carbon emissions under both China V and China VI standards. Additionally, the study showed that carbon emissions were significantly higher in urban areas compared to suburban areas.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Barouch Giechaskiel, Simone Casadei, Tommaso Rossi, Fabrizio Forloni, Andrea Di Domenico
Summary: The study compared the accuracy of PEMS and laboratory grade equipment in testing vehicle emissions, finding that PEMS performed equally well under controlled laboratory conditions with no significant bias observed.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hao Huang, Jinjie Zhang, Hui Hu, Shaofei Kong, Shihua Qi, Xiaoyong Liu
Summary: Vehicle emission is a significant contributor to urban air pollution, especially with the increasing number of motor vehicles. This study conducted on-road tests in Wuhan using a Portable Emission Monitoring System (PEMS) to examine the emissions of PM2.5 and associated chemical components from ten typical vehicles. The results showed variations in the emission factors of PM2.5 among different vehicle types, with gasoline vehicles emitting an average of 1.266 mg/km and diesel vehicles emitting 16.589 mg/km. The study also found a correlation between emission factors and vehicle emission standards, as well as vehicle speeds. Understanding the characteristics of PM2.5 emissions can help improve air quality in Wuhan.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Barouch Giechaskiel, Anastasios Melas, Giorgio Martini, Panagiota Dilara
Summary: Vehicle emissions, particularly particulate matter, contribute significantly to urban air pollution. Regulations worldwide, including those in the EU, have introduced measures to monitor and control PM emissions by implementing particulate number measurement methods. Other countries, such as China and India, are also beginning to adopt similar approaches to address vehicle emissions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Minghao Qiu, Jens Borken-Kleefeld
Summary: Traditional vehicle emission detection schemes based solely on snapshot measurements are uncertain, while our scheme combining fleetwide remote sensing measurements with detailed second-by-second emission measurements can accurately identify high-emitters.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sang -Hee Woo, Hyungjoon Jang, Seung-Bok Lee, Seokhwan Lee
Summary: Electric vehicles (EVs) still contribute non-exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions, but the emission levels depend on factors such as brake pad type and regenerative braking intensity. In certain scenarios, EVs can have lower total PM emissions compared to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs).
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiangchuan Hu, H. Christopher Frey, Behdad Yazdani Boroujeni
Summary: For light-duty gasoline vehicles equipped with catalytic converters, hot-stabilized tailpipe emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are well controlled. However, there is a lack of real-world measurements for cold starts. This study measured the emissions of 37 vehicles during idling cold starts, hot-stabilized trips, and driving cold starts. It found that cold starts contribute substantially to total exhaust mass emissions, and driver decisions regarding driving versus idling can significantly affect the contribution of cold starts, especially for CO and NOx.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Liqun Lyu, Zhongrui Ji, Hang Yin, Junfang Wang, Wenjuan Yang, Jianwei Tan, Lijun Hao, Xin Wang, Huaiyu Wang, Yunshan Ge, Yachao Wang
Summary: NOx emissions from diesel vehicles worsen with increased mileage due to engine and after-treatment system wear and deterioration. Long-term real driving emission (RDE) tests were conducted on three China-VI heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs), and after 200,000 km of on-road driving, the maximum NOx emission factor was significantly lower than the limit. The NOx conversion efficiency of selected catalytic reduction (SCR) decreased linearly with durability mileage, with a higher deterioration rate at low temperatures.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Barouch Giechaskiel, Anastasios Melas, Giorgio Martini, Panagiota Dilara, Leonidas Ntziachristos
Summary: This article discusses the importance of introducing a new metric for effective regulation of vehicle emissions, namely total particles which include solid and volatile particles. It highlights the contribution of road transport to particle number concentration levels in cities and presents emission levels of solid and total particles from modern vehicles. The health effects of solid and volatile particles are briefly discussed. The article also emphasizes the need for an appropriate methodology to achieve representative and reproducible results in monitoring vehicle emissions according to the new metric.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaoliang Wang, Lung-Wen Antony Chen, Kin-Fai Ho, Chi Sing Chan, Zhuozhi Zhang, Shun-Cheng Lee, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson
Summary: The study found that emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and PM2.5 decreased by over 40% from 2003 to 2015 in Hong Kong. However, motorcycles and LPG-fueled public light buses emitted disproportionately high levels of carbon monoxide (CO) and NMHC, indicating the need for additional emission controls. Additionally, fuel economy improvements did not lead to expected reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, underscoring the need for more aggressive CO2 reductions, especially from heavy-duty vehicles.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tianyi Xu, Chengxin Zhang, Jingkai Xue, Qihou Hu, Chengzhi Xing, Cheng Liu
Summary: This study presents an improved estimation of NOx emissions using the Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) and characterizes the hourly NOx emissions over cities in East Asia. The study highlights the significant diurnal variations in NOx emissions and the role of geostationary satellite observations in informing emission control policies.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Sudheer Kumar Kuppili, V. Dheeraj Alshetty, M. Diya, S. M. Shiva Nagendra, Gitakrishnan Ramadurai, A. Ramesh, Sunil Gulia, Anil Namdeo, Kamal Maji, Margaret Bell, Paul Goodman, Enda Hayes, Jo Barnes, James Longhurst, Laura De Vito
Summary: Researchers explored real-world driving conditions and developed emission factors for passenger cars in Delhi. Speed and acceleration were found to significantly impact emission rates, highlighting the importance of monitoring real-world exhaust emissions.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Victor Valverde, Yosuke Kondo, Yoshinori Otsuki, Torsten Krenz, Anastasios Melas, Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa, Barouch Giechaskiel
Summary: The European Union aims to achieve climate neutrality and a toxic-free environment by 2050, which includes cleaner road vehicles. The European Commission's proposal for the next regulatory emissions standard, Euro 7, requires measuring pollutants currently not regulated on the road. A study comparing different measurement instruments showed that the differences among them were small and met the proposed Euro 7 limits and vehicle emission standards.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Artur Jaworski, Maksymilian Madziel, Krzysztof Lew, Tiziana Campisi, Pawel Wos, Hubert Kuszewski, Pawel Wojewoda, Adam Ustrzycki, Krzysztof Balawender, Miroslaw Jakubowski
Summary: Hybrid vehicles are a solution to reduce CO2 emissions in urban traffic conditions. This study investigates the effect of the chassis dynamometer load function on energy demand and CO2 emissions of a hybrid car. The results show that different methods for determining motion resistance function can lead to differences in CO2 emissions of up to 35% for the entire cycle. Therefore, it is important to provide information about the chassis dynamometer loading function in such tests.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Maksymilian Madziel, Artur Jaworski, Hubert Kuszewski, Pawel Wos, Tiziana Campisi, Krzysztof Lew
Summary: This paper proposes a relatively computationally efficient method for creating a CO2 emission model that provides viable results for full hybrid vehicles. The study finds that the currently used emission models may not be accurate, particularly for full hybrid vehicles. The authors use a method called GPR to create the CO2 emission model, which is validated using PEMS data.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Artur Jaworski, Maksymilian Madziel, Hubert Kuszewski
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a shift in transportation choices, causing damage to the environment and increased greenhouse gas emissions. This study presents a methodology for calculating emissions and shows the potential benefits of replacing old bus fleets with low-emission buses and improving infrastructure. The findings highlight the importance of considering CO emissions in greenhouse gas analysis and provide a model for other areas.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Maksymilian Madziel, Tiziana Campisi
Summary: Electric vehicles will soon become the majority in vehicle fleets, generating a large amount of data for analysis. This paper presents a methodology for analyzing electric vehicle data, primarily focusing on energy consumption. The analysis was conducted using the dabl API library in a Python environment, and the results were presented through data classification and correlation analysis. The study found no correlation between charging speed and energy consumption, while range and maximum velocity showed a positive correlation, and acceleration to 100 km/h exhibited a negative correlation with energy consumption.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Maksymilian Madziel, Tiziana Campisi
Summary: Sustainable urban mobility planning is crucial for addressing the complexities of urban transportation. Vehicle emissions remain a significant problem, especially at intersections. Although the electrification of vehicles is underway, the energy crisis may postpone the full realization of the European Green Deal. Therefore, efforts should be made to modify the current infrastructure for environmental friendliness. This article examines the use of vertical road markings and suggests intersection design based on traffic volume.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Maksymilian Madziel
Summary: Accurate estimations and assessments of vehicle emissions are crucial for decision-making processes. This paper reviews selected traffic simulations and exhaust gas component estimation models, highlighting the importance of calibration for accurate estimates. The use of emission models in combination with traffic simulators has increased due to the challenges of obtaining actual measurements of road emissions. The paper also provides an overview of works that integrate traffic and emission models, offering recommendations for selecting appropriate estimation tools.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Maksymilian Madziel
Summary: Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) fuel is an effective method to reduce CO2 emissions from vehicle exhaust, and it has high usage in European countries such as Poland, Romania, and Italy. This study presents a methodology for developing microscale CO2 emission models for LPG vehicles, based on data from road tests using the portable emission measurement system (PEMS) and on-board diagnostic (OBDII) interface. The developed model, created using gradient-boosting machine learning methods, predicts CO2 emissions using vehicle velocity and engine RPM as explanatory variables. The validation of the model shows good precision and potential for analyzing continuous CO2 emissions and creating emission maps for environmental analyses in urban areas, with validation coefficients of R-2 test 0.61 and MSE test 0.77 for the selected gradient-boosting method.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Dario Antonelli, Athanasios Christopoulos, Mikko-Jussi Laakso, Valentina Dagiene, Agne Juskeviciene, Vaida Masiulionyte-Dagiene, Maksymilian Madziel, Dorota Stadnicka, Chrysostomos Stylios
Summary: Launched during the pandemic, the EU-funded JANUS project aimed to ensure the continuity of student workshops at universities using a virtual reality (VR) robotics laboratory. With the return to normality, the project has been redesigned to capitalize on the positive outcomes of the experience. The VR lab provides safe and unrestricted access to the labs and experiments with the machines, reducing the consequences of student mistakes and improving the user experience.
EDUCATION SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Maksymilian Madziel
Summary: This research develops a CO2 emission model for hybrid vehicles using artificial neural networks, achieving a high R2 coefficient and MSE. The model provides valuable information for further improvements in emission modeling and is important for effective traffic planning in low-emission zones.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Artur Jaworski, Vasyl Mateichyk, Hubert Kuszewski, Maksymilian Madziel, Pawel Wos, Bozena Babiarz, Miroslaw Smieszek, Slawomir Porada
Summary: Poor air quality in urban areas, especially during winter and summer, negatively affects residents' health. To improve the situation, measures such as upgrading urban transport vehicles to low-emission or zero-emission vehicles, introducing clean transportation zones, and implementing park-and-ride systems have been taken.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Artur Jaworski, Hubert Kuszewski, Krzysztof Lew, Pawel Wojewoda, Krzysztof Balawender, Pawel Wos, Rafal Longwic, Sergii Boichenko
Summary: The differences between laboratory and road test results of vehicles are influenced by factors such as driving cycle and road load. These factors also affect the hybrid drive control, including engine operation and electric driving. Tests on chassis dynamometers are usually based on different driving cycles than on-road tests, leading to unreproducible results. It is important to also consider the effect of the motion resistance function used in chassis dynamometer tests on emissions and fuel consumption.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hubert Kuszewski, Artur Jaworski, Maksymilian Madziel, Pawel Wos
Summary: The auto-ignition properties of blends of high cetan rape methyl esters (RME) as biodiesel and 1-butanol were studied. The results showed that an increase in the fraction of 1-butanol in the fuel blend led to longer ignition and combustion delay periods in the combustion chamber.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Artur Jaworski, Hubert Kuszewski, Rafal Longwic, Przemyslaw Sander
Summary: This article presents the results of an assessment of the combustion process of blends of n-hexane and canola oil. The addition of n-hexane to canola oil was found to have a positive effect on the combustion process and performance of the engine.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
