Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Seunghwa Yang, Hyunseong Shin, Maenghyo Cho
Summary: This study presents positive contributions of oxygen functional groups in single-layer graphene oxide to the mechanical and interfacial properties of polyethylene/graphene nanocomposites, with the potential for improving the longitudinal shear modulus while degrading the longitudinal Young's and in-plane shear moduli. The interphase zone and interfacial stiffening effect are confirmed to contribute to the elasticity of nanocomposites, and a novel evolution of out-of-plane normal stress and longitudinal shear stress in single-layer GO is demonstrated through atomic virial stress interaction with the surrounding PE matrix.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. Badjian, A. R. Setoodeh, O. Bavi, T. Rabczuk
Summary: The study compares the effects of using carbon nanotubes and carbon nanobuds as reinforcement phases in nanocomposites, finding that functionalized carbon nanobuds combined with a specific cross-linking degree of the epoxy matrix can significantly enhance the tensile longitudinal property and shear and transverse elastic stiffness.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
T. Prasad, S. Halder, S. S. Dhar, M. S. Goyat
Summary: The mechanical and fracture performance of epoxy nanocomposites with functionalized silica nanoparticles have been enhanced by utilizing a post-synthesis grafting method. GGS nanoparticles showed potential in improving fracture toughness and energy, as well as demonstrating excellent cure capability in the composite. The use of GGS as reinforcement in the epoxy matrix can effectively mitigate brittle failure in epoxy composites.
EXPRESS POLYMER LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bhargav Sai Chava, Eva K. Thorn, Siddhartha Das
Summary: This study investigates the shear-thinning behavior of graphene flake-infused epoxy inks using molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the viscosity of GFI epoxy ink is higher than that of pure epoxy ink at lower shear rates, while the two viscosities become similar at higher shear rates. The alignment of bisphenol F molecules and graphene flakes plays a crucial role in dissipating viscous force and ensuring shear-thinning behavior. Additionally, the presence of graphene flakes significantly affects the rotational dynamics of bisphenol F molecules, leading to a much higher zero-shear viscosity for GFI epoxy compared to pure epoxy.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Zepeng Wang, Minglong Su, Xinwu Duan, Xiulong Yao, Xiaoying Han, Junping Song, Lianxiang Ma
Summary: In this study, the thermomechanical and tribological properties of graphene-reinforced natural rubber were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. It was found that the addition of graphene significantly improved the strength, thermal conductivity, and rigidity of the composite material.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yanjun Zhang, Mostafa Hooman, Indrajit Patra, T. Ch. Anil Kumar, Hasan Sh. Majdi, Samar Emad Izzat, R. Sivaraman, Davood Toghraie, Maboud Hekmatifar, Roozbeh Sabetvand
Summary: The mechanical behavior of Pt-graphene nanocomposites was investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. The study found that increasing the number of graphene nanosheets improved the mechanical strength of the sample, while increasing the graphene atomic ratio and porosity decreased the mechanical performance.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhenyu Zhang, Yuefeng Du, Chunhua Zhu, Liangchao Guo, Yao Lu, Jinhong Yu, Ivan P. Parkin, Junhua Zhao, Dongming Guo
Summary: This study developed novel ER/graphene composites, showing that the wear resistance with 5 wt% graphene content was significantly higher than pure ER. The enhancement mechanisms of graphene reinforcement were determined by molecular dynamics simulations.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jie Fan, Panpan Li, Zhijian Wang, Jiping Yang
Summary: In this study, the temperature dependence of epoxy-based nanocomposites was comprehensively investigated using molecular dynamics simulation and experimental methods. The results showed that as temperature decreased, the molecular mobility of the nanocomposites decreased, the interfacial interaction energy increased, and the Young's modulus increased. The experimental measurements of tensile properties at different temperatures agreed well with the simulation results. Furthermore, the toughening mechanisms of the nanocomposites at different temperatures were discussed.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mohsen Motezaker, Qingchang Liu, Baoxing Xu
Summary: In this study, the thermal conductivity of graphene/epoxy composites under large uniaxial mechanical compression was systematically investigated using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the thermal conductivity can increase by up to 80% in the perpendicular direction and decrease by up to 14% in the parallel direction, significantly enhancing the thermal conductivity anisotropy. These findings suggest that controlling the orientation of graphene fillers and applying uniaxial compression can be effective in regulating the thermal conductivity of graphene/epoxy composites in thermal management applications.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bingcheng Wang, Wei Shao, Qun Cao, Zheng Cui
Summary: This study investigates the effect of interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) on the thermal conductivity of graphene/epoxy nanocomposites. The graphene concentration is found to have a slight influence on the thermal conductivity. By modifying the graphene edge with amino groups, the interfacial heat transfer coefficient is increased, leading to improved thermal conductivity. Vacancy defects and covalent interactions are also utilized to decrease graphene-graphene ITR and increase the thermal conductivity.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sajedeh Khosravani, Mohammad Homayoune Sadr, Erasmo Carrera, Alfonso Pagani
Summary: In this study, randomly three-dimensional graphene foam (RGF) was synthesized and used to prepare RGF/epoxy composite material. Tensile testing showed that the drying percentage of RGF had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the composite. Furthermore, multi-scale numerical methods were employed to obtain the mechanical properties of the RGF/epoxy composite material.
MECHANICS OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shaoyu Zhao, Yingyan Zhang, Jie Yang, Sritawat Kitipornchai
Summary: A folded graphene reinforced copper nanocomposite has been developed, overcoming the conflict between toughness and strength. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposite can be effectively tuned by pre-strain, opening up possibilities for developing tough and strong metal nanocomposites.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Wanying Li, Jiahao Ma, Shinan Wu, Junying Zhang, Jue Cheng
Summary: This study utilized molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the impact of hydrogen bonds on epoxy networks. The results showed that H-bonds significantly affected the Young's modulus, whereas their influence on T-g was limited compared to factors like molecular weight and steric hindrance. This study provides valuable insights into the behavior of H-bonds in furan rings and may guide the design of epoxy resins effectively.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jie Fan, Zhijian Wang, Jiping Yang, Xiaobo Yin, Yunfeng Zhao
Summary: Inspired by the structure of nacre, researchers constructed a rigid-and-soft multilayer interphase between functionalized graphene oxide (GO) and an epoxy matrix. The nanocomposites with three layers of PDA/D230 on modified GO showed the highest mechanical properties, with an increase of 25.8% in tensile strength at room temperature and 13.0% in elongation at break.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jie Fan, Jiping Yang, Letian Wang, Hong Li, Junpeng Tian, Jinrui Ye, Yunfeng Zhao
Summary: Different methods of surface functionalization of graphene oxide with varying amine grafting densities were studied in this research to prepare corresponding nanocomposites. It was found that graphene oxide functionalized with m-xylylenediamine showed better enhancement of mechanical properties in epoxy resin compared to graphene oxide functionalized with polyetheramine D230. However, nanocomposites modified with graphene oxide with improved amine grafting density did not exhibit the expected enhancement in mechanical properties as revealed by molecular dynamics simulations.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yixiao Zhang, Airong Liu, Yonghui Huang, Jie Yang, Jiyang Fu, Yuguo Yu, Xinbing Zeng
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the mechanical characteristics of high-strength concrete-filled-steel-tubular (HS-CFST) arches and developed finite element models to predict their bearing capacity. The results showed that the ultimate bearing capacity, confinement effect, and ductility of the arch were closely related to the strength of the steel and core concrete.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Jun Liu, Yingyan Zhang, Yihe Zhang, Sritawat Kitipornchai, Jie Yang
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the functionally graded graphene reinforced aluminium cantilever rectangular plates under aerodynamic loads through the coupling of finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics. The results show that the maximum stress of the plate can be efficiently reduced and satisfactory aerodynamic performance can be achieved through aeroelastic tailoring, depending on the specific graphene distribution patterns. This provides useful design guidelines for the application of these plates as structural components in the aeronautical field.
AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yi Wang, Yihe Zhang, Rory Gover, Jie Yang, Yingyan Zhang
Summary: Graphene has excellent physical properties, but its two-dimensional structure limits its application as reinforcing fillers in composites. In this study, an origami technique was used to improve the flexibility of graphene. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that graphene origami (GOri) can withstand higher loads and indentation depths than pristine graphene. The flexibility and strength of GOri can be further enhanced in the bilayer format. This study provides insights into the failure mechanisms and mechanical properties of GOri for graphene-based impact protection applications.
Article
Mechanics
Jinlong Yang, Yucheng Fan, Fan Zhu, Zhi Ni, Xili Wan, Chuang Feng, Jie Yang
Summary: This study uses machine learning to predict the compressive strength of carbon nanotube reinforced cement composites at 28 days, considering the effect of specimen size and the distribution of carbon nanotube dimensions. Specimen size is found to significantly affect the compressive strength. Artificial neural network achieves the best performance, while AutoGluon-Tabular demonstrates improved efficiency and flexibility with satisfying results.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Bowen Zeng, Jinlong Yang, Ziyan Hang, Yucheng Fan, Chuang Feng, Jie Yang
Summary: This study investigates the pyroelectric performances of GNP/PVDF composite films under different scenarios using graphene nanoplatelets as a reinforcing filler. The addition of GNP significantly enhances the formation of the beta phase in PVDF and improves the pyroelectric performances of the composite. A parametric study shows that reducing the thickness of the composite film and increasing the temperature can further enhance the pyroelectric performances. Additionally, the addition of GNPs also improves the thermal stability of the composite film.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Qiangfei Qian, Fan Zhu, Yucheng Fan, Ziyan Hang, Chuang Feng, Jie Yang
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of internal damping on the nonlinear vibration of functionally graded graphene nanoplatelet reinforced composite (FG-GNPRC) beam. The Kelvin-Voigt model is adopted and governing equations are developed using Timoshenko beam theory. The results demonstrate that the nonlinear natural frequency of the structure is highly influenced by the shear proportionality constant of the Kelvin-Voigt internal damping. Additionally, the functionally graded distribution of the reinforcing filler improves the stability of the composite structure compared to uniform distribution, especially under higher voltage.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhi Ni, Yucheng Fan, Ziyan Hang, Fan Zhu, Yu Wang, Chuang Feng, Jie Yang
Summary: This study investigates the damped vibration characteristics of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced composite dielectric membrane. Governing equations for the nonlinear damped vibration are established, and numerical methods are used to solve the equations. Parametric study shows that the vibration frequency of the membrane can be actively tuned by changing the attributes of the applied electrical field, and the stretching ratio has a significant effect on the nonlinear damped frequency.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Zixuan Kuang, Airong Liu, Jie Yang, Jian Deng
Summary: This paper investigates the out-of-plane dynamic instability of functionally graded porous graphene platelets reinforced composites circular shallow arches under a radial periodic concentrated load in a thermal environment for the first time. The Hamilton principle is used to derive the equations of motion for the arches. The dynamic instability regions are determined using Bolotin's method and verified with finite element software ANSYS.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Bowen Zeng, Jinlong Yang, Zhi Ni, Yucheng Fan, Ziyan Hang, Chuang Feng
Summary: This study successfully improved the pyroelectric properties of PVDF films by preparing functionally graded graphene nanoplatelet (FG-GNP) reinforced PVDF composite films. The increase in the number of layers and the concentration of GNP near the surface of the composite film were found to enhance the pyroelectric properties and temperature stability.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhi Ni, Yucheng Fan, Jinlong Yang, Ziyan Hang, Chuang Feng, Jie Yang
Summary: This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamics of the FG-GNPRC dielectric and porous membrane under electro-mechanical loading. The effective material properties of multiphase composites are determined using a two-step hybrid micromechanical model. The governing equations are obtained based on the hyperelastic membrane theory, Neo-Hookean constitutive model, and the couple dielectric theory. The numerical solution is obtained using the incremental harmonic balance method combined with arc-length continuation technique, and the influence of various factors on vibration and resonance response of the system is analyzed.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yucheng Fan, Jinlong Yang, Zhi Ni, Ziyan Hang, Chuang Feng, Jie Yang, Yu Su, George J. Weng
Summary: The incorporation of graphene and its derivatives into cement for electrically conductive composites is currently being extensively studied for their potential use as smart materials. However, there is a lack of theoretical models to predict the electrical conductivity and piezoresistive properties of these composites, considering the effects of pores and graphene ripples. To address this gap, this paper proposes a two-step micromechanical modelling to predict the electrical conductivity and strain-sensing response of graphene nanoplatelet reinforced cement composites (GNPRCCs), taking into account the effects of pores and graphene ripples.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Bangyu Cheng, Jinlong Yang, Yucheng Fan, Zhi Ni, Ziyan Hang, Bowen Zeng, Huanxun Liu, Chuang Feng
Summary: This study investigates the property-microstructure relationships in graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) reinforced cement composites (GNPRCCs) using three-dimensional finite element modeling and experiments. The results reveal that GNPs aligned at 45 degrees have the most significant impact on enhancing load-bearing capacity and damage resistance of the composites. A larger GNP diameter-to-thickness ratio is beneficial for crack bridging and propagation control. The orientation and porosity of pores have significant effects on the damage behaviors of the composites, while pore shape shows negligible effects. These findings provide key guidelines for optimizing microstructural features and improving the performance and durability of construction materials.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Liangteng Guo, Shaoyu Zhao, Jie Yang, Sritawat Kitipornchai
Summary: This study introduces composites reinforced with graphene origami nanofillers into functionally graded multilayered phononic crystals. Numerical investigations reveal that these materials possess negative Poisson's ratio and offer unique mechanical properties, which can be tuned by adjusting the weight fraction and hydrogen coverage of the graphene fillers.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS A-SOLIDS
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Youzhe Yang, Jun Ma, Jie Yang, Yingyan Zhang
Summary: Two-dimensional nanomaterials like graphene and h-BN have high mechanical strength and thermal conductivity, making them ideal reinforcing fillers for impact protection materials, phase change materials, and thermal interface materials. However, the mechanical properties of graphene/h-BN heterostructures have not been widely explored. This study used molecular dynamics simulations and finite element analysis to investigate the mechanical properties, fracture mechanisms, and manipulation techniques of graphene/h-BN heterostructures. The results show that heterogeneous GBN has excellent performance in resisting bending deformation, and its size-dependent performance can be manipulated through hydrogenation and layer number.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Rawan Aqel, Patrick Severson, Rani Elhajjar
Summary: A novel core splice joint configuration for composite sandwich structures is studied and proposed to improve the strength and toughness. Experimental and numerical efforts show that this configuration can significantly increase the ultimate strength by 13% to 51% and the toughness by 2% to 35%.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Xianheng Wang, Cong Chen, Jinsong Zhang, Xinming Qiu
Summary: In this paper, a new form-finding method based on spatial elastica model (FMSE) is proposed for elastic gridshells. The method integrates the deformations of elastic rods into the overall deformation of the gridshell, and solves a set of transcendental equations using the quasi-Newton method to ensure the deformation satisfies the given boundary conditions. The method is validated through experiments and expected to have potential applications in the investigations of elastic gridshells.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Hao Huang, Zitong Guo, Zhongde Shan, Zheng Sun, Jianhua Liu, Dong Wang, Wang Wang, Jiale Liu, Chenchen Tan
Summary: The conventional evaluation of 3D braided composites' mechanical properties through numerical and experimental methodologies hinders material application due to the expenses, time constraints, and laborious efforts involved. This study establishes a multi-scale finite element model and a surrogate model for predicting the elastic properties of 3D4D rotary braided composites with voids. By optimizing a neural network model, the results are validated and provide valuable insights into the microstructure and properties of these composites.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Xinyu Li, Hao Zhang, Haiyang Yang, Junrong Luo, Zhongmin Xiao, Hongshuai Lei
Summary: Due to their excellent mechanical properties and design flexibility, fluted-core composite sandwich structures have gained significant attention in aerospace and rail transit applications. This study investigated the free-vibration characteristics and optimized design of composite fluted-core sandwich cylinders through theoretical models and experimental tests.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Chao Li, Chunzheng Duan, Xiaodong Tian, Chao Wang
Summary: A mechanistic model considering the bottom edge cutting effect and the anisotropic characteristics of the material is proposed in this paper to accurately predict cutting forces. The model was validated through a series of milling experiments and can be used to predict the cutting force of various parts of the cutter and any feed direction.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Camila Sanches Schimidt, Leopoldo Pisanelli Rodrigues de Oliveira, Carlos De Marqui Jr
Summary: This work investigates the vibro-acoustic performance of graded piezoelectric metamaterial plates. The study shows that piezoelectric metamaterial plates with reconfigurable properties can provide enhanced vibration and sound power attenuation.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Jun Ke, Li-jie Liu, Zhen-yu Wu, Zhong-ping Le, Luo Bao, Dong-wei Luo
Summary: Compared with other green natural fibers, ramie has higher mechanical properties and lower cost. In this study, ramie and glass fiber are made into composite circular tubes. The results show that the hybrid circular tube with ramie and glass fiber has improved torsional mechanical properties and reduced weight and cost. The failure mechanisms are affected by the loading direction and the content of each fiber.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Natalia Pingaro, Gabriele Milani
Summary: This paper proposes an enhanced analytical model for predicting the behavior of FRCM samples tested under standard tensile tests. The model takes into account the interaction between fibers and matrix through the interface, and assumes different material properties at different phases. By solving a second order linear differential equation, an analytical solution can be obtained. The model is validated with experimental data and shows good predictability.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Jialiang Fan, Anastasios P. Vassilopoulos, Veronique Michaud
Summary: This article investigates the effects of voids, joint geometry, and test conditions on the fracture performance of thick adhesive Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) joints. It concludes that grooved DCB joints with low void content tested at low displacement rates showed stable crack propagation without significant crack path deviation.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Auwalu I. Mohammed, Kaarthikeyan Raghupathy, Osvaldo De Victoria Garcia Baltazar, Lawson Onokpasah, Roger Carvalho, Anders Mogensen, Farzaneh Hassani, James Njuguna
Summary: This study investigates the performance of composite pressure vessels under damaged and undamaged conditions, providing insights into their reliability and residual strength capabilities. The results demonstrate that the damage profile and its effect on compressive strength are similar between damaged and non-damaged cylinders. When subjected to quasi-static compression, the polyethylene liner absorbs enough elastic strain energy to recover without plastic deformation. Additionally, quasi-static compression has little to no influence on the axial strength of the cylinders. The damage characterization reveals fiber breakage, delamination, local buckling, and brooming failure. This study has direct implications for the safety design tolerances, manufacturing strategies, and operational failure conditions of composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs).
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Muhammad Irfan Shirazi, Samir Khatir, Djilali Boutchicha, Magd Abdel Wahab
Summary: Structural health monitoring is important to ensure the safety of components and structures. This study proposes a method using finite element models and 1D-CNN network to extract and classify vibration responses for crack detection. The results show that the proposed approach is effective in real-time damage detection.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Maryam Mirsalehi, Kiarash Kianpour, Sharif Shahbeyk, Mohammad Bakhshi
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the one-way response of 3D-woven sandwich panels (3DWSPs) and their interfering parameters, providing interpretation of elastic and failure results, failure maps, and reliable theoretical models for linear elastic response and observed failure mechanisms.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Yiming Zhao, Zhonggang Wang, Zhigang Yang, Bin Qin
Summary: The paper proposes a Ritz and statistical energy analysis (Ritz SEA) hybrid method for calculating rectangular plate acoustic vibration coupling in the mid-frequency range. This method combines the fast convergence and ability to handle arbitrary boundary conditions of the Ritz method with the power flow equation of the statistical energy analysis method. The results show that this approach effectively filters out random fluctuations in mid-frequency domains while demonstrating exceptional stability and precision.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Joao Henrique Fonseca, Woojung Jang, Dosuck Han, Naksoo Kim, Hyungyil Lee
Summary: This study addresses the enhancement of an injection-molded fiber-reinforced plastic / metal hybrid automotive structure and its plastic injection molding process through the integration of the finite element method, artificial intelligence, and evolutionary search methods. Experimental validation of finite element models, the generation of a database through orthogonal array and Latin hypercube methods, and the training of artificial neural networks are conducted. The genetic optimization algorithm is then applied to identify optimal process parameters. The results show significant reduction in product warpage and manufacturing time while maintaining structural strength, contributing to the advancement of composite automotive structures with superior quality.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Mechanics
Alessandro Vescovini, Carina Xiaochen Li, Javier Paz Mendez, Bo Cheng Jin, Andrea Manes, Chiara Bisagni
Summary: This paper presents a study on six single-stringer specimens manufactured using the card-sliding technique with non-crimp fabrics and adopting a Double-Double (DD) stacking sequence. The specimens were tested under compression loading conditions to investigate post-buckling and failure in aerospace structures. Experimental results and numerical simulations were compared to analyze the behavior and failure modes of the specimens. The study found promising evidence of a viable solution to optimize aeronautical structures and enhance resistance to skin-stringer separation, particularly with the use of tapered flanges.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2024)
