Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David Framorando, Tianlan Cai, Yi Wang, Alan J. Pegna
Summary: The study found that tDCS through stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex can increase effort exerted by participants during working-memory tasks. Specifically, anodal stimulation resulted in greater effort, while effort was lower under cathodal and sham conditions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yuefeng Huang, Anusha Mohan, S. Lauren McLeod, Alison M. Luckey, John Hart Jr, Sven Vanneste
Summary: The study demonstrates that modulating activity in the aDMN and pDMN causally affect memory retrieval performance. Anodal stimulation of the pDMN and cathodal stimulation of the aDMN equally improve the percentage of word-associations recalled 7 days after learning, suggesting a possible functional dissociation between the aDMN and pDMN in episodic memory retrieval.
Article
Neurosciences
Kuri Takahashi, Yuko Yotsumoto
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on beauty perception by replicating previous studies. The results did not corroborate the previous findings, suggesting a possible inflation of tDCS effects on cognitive domains.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yosuke Koshikawa, Keiichiro Nishida, Tomonari Yamane, Masafumi Yoshimura, Ai Onohara, Satsuki Ueda, Ryouhei Ishii, Toshihiko Kinoshita, Yosuke Morishima
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the subcomponents of cognitive inflexibility in major depressive disorder (MDD) and examine the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the prefrontal cortex. The results revealed that MDD patients showed increased behavioral cost in task switching, but comparable proactive interference cost to healthy controls. Additionally, anodal tDCS on the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) improved the response time compared to anodal tDCS on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in MDD.
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Lais B. Razza, Matthias S. Luethi, Tamires Zanao, Stefanie De Smet, Carlos Buchpiguel, Geraldo Busatto, Juliana Pereira, Izio Klein, Mitchel Kappen, Marina Moreno, Chris Baeken, Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt, Andre R. Brunoni
Summary: This study assessed the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS) on working memory performance in healthy participants. The results showed that intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) significantly improved response speed, while transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and the combined protocol did not produce similar effects. In terms of safety, there were no serious adverse effects in any of the protocols.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuanyue Ma, Liuren Li, Ziming Li, Zhengyi Huang, Yaorong Yang, Peng Liu, Daji Guo, Yueyao Li, Tianying Wu, Ruixiang Luo, Junyu Xu, Wen-Cai Ye, Bin Jiang, Lei Shi
Summary: The regulation of mRNA translation plays a crucial role in brain development and function. In this study, researchers found that the translation elongation factor eEF2 is involved in controlling protein synthesis and cognitive functions in the hippocampus. They also discovered a novel role for eEF2 in prefrontal cortex excitatory neurons, where its reduction leads to impaired synaptic transmission, decreased spine density, and altered social behavior and anxiety levels. These findings highlight the importance of eEF2 in promoting AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission and social novelty behavior in the prefrontal cortex.
Article
Neurosciences
Stevan Nikolin, Donel Martin, Colleen K. Loo, Tjeerd W. Boonstra
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on working memory task-related spectral activity. The results showed that post-stimulation, there was a significant reduction in frontal theta event-related synchronization (ERS) in the active tDCS group. Participants receiving active tDCS had slower reaction times (RTs) compared with the sham group, suggesting interference with practice effects associated with task repetition. These findings suggest that tDCS selectively affects specific subprocesses during working memory, which may explain heterogenous behavioral effects.
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Maximilian A. Friehs, Christian Frings, Gesa Hartwigsen
Summary: tDCS is commonly used to investigate the involvement of different cortical regions in response inhibition. Studies have shown that its effects depend on polarity, time, and stimulation sites. There is variability in methodology and heterogeneous effects of tDCS on performance, with the most consistent result being performance enhancement with anodal tDCS over the right prefrontal cortex.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Qingqing Zhang, Tingting Chen, Shanshan Liu, Xinying Liu, Yifan Zhang, Fengqiong Yu, Gong-Jun Ji, Xiaoming Li, Chunyan Zhu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) on implicit emotion regulation (ER). The results showed that stimulation of both the rVLPFC and the rDLPFC could significantly reduce the affective responses caused by social exclusion, and rDLPFC activation may contribute to the involvement of early cognitive resources in the implicit ER process of social pain, thus helping to reduce the subjective negative experience of individuals.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yiheng Tu, Jin Cao, Seyhmus Guler, Thalia Chai-Zhang, Joan A. Camprodon, Mark Vangel, Randy L. Gollub, Darin D. Dougherty, Jian Kong
Summary: The study focused on assessing the modulatory effects of stimulating target brain regions on fMRI brain dynamics using repeated tDCS-fMRI sessions with healthy participants. Results indicated that enhancing neuronal excitability of certain brain regions significantly affected the occurrence rates and transitions of different CAPs, with these changes persisting over several days.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philippe Albouy, Zaida E. Martinez-Moreno, Roxane S. Hoyer, Robert J. Zatorre, Sylvain Baillet
Summary: This study investigates the involvement of the frontoparietal network in different cognitive processes and reveals that rhythmic visual stimulation affects the connectivity of this network and modulates working memory performance.
Review
Neurosciences
Vuk Markovic, Carmelo M. Vicario, Fatemeh Yavari, Mohammad A. Salehinejad, Michael A. Nitsche
Summary: Anxiety disorders are prevalent mental disorders and current treatments are moderately successful. Non-invasive brain stimulation methods like rTMS and tDCS have shown potential in modulating fear memory and extinction, particularly when applied over the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. More research is needed to optimize stimulation parameters and protocols for future research and treatment.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chiara Picciuca, Martina Assogna, Romina Esposito, Alessia D'Acunto, Matteo Ferraresi, Silvia Picazio, Ilaria Borghi, Alex Martino Cinnera, Sonia Bonni, Pietro Chiurazzi, Giacomo Koch
Summary: The study demonstrates that left anodal prefrontal tDCS combined with standard speech therapy could effectively enhance language function in FXS patients, mainly by inducing a rebalance of the dysfunctional prefrontal cortical excitability.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andries Van Schuerbeek, Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt, Chris Baeken, Anouk Pierre, Ilse Smolders, Vincent Van Waes, Dimitri De Bundel
Summary: This study explored the effects of repeated anodal tDCS over the prefrontal cortex on fear extinction in mice, finding that tDCS significantly lowered freezing during extinction acquisition with high fear conditioning intensity. Combining tDCS with a strong extinction protocol also improved early extinction recall, and tDCS reduced generalized fear induced by contextual cues with high conditioning intensity and limited extinction training.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alberto Lema, Sandra Carvalho, Felipe Fregni, Oscar F. Goncalves, Jorge Leite
Summary: This study investigated the effects of transcranial stimulation on attentional networks, with tRNS showing significant improvement in attention performance, particularly in enhancing alerting and reducing conflict in complex situations.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Vahid Nejati, Maryam Majidinezhad, Michael Nitsche
Summary: This study suggests that stimulation over the left dlPFC and right vmPFC can improve emotion regulation, interference control, and working memory performance in women with MDD. Moreover, the emotional valence of stimuli and the impact of stimulation on interference control in MDD are also relevant factors.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Seyyedeh Samaneh Mirahadi, Michael A. Nitsche, Bagher Pahlavanzadeh, Reyhane Mohamadi, Hasan Ashayeri, Jamile Abolghasemi
Summary: This study found that combining tDCS with PA training significantly improves reading and phonological awareness abilities in children with dyslexia. This intervention method remains effective for up to 6 weeks after treatment.
APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD
(2023)
Article
Biology
Jinqian Hou, Michael A. Nitsche, Longyan Yi, Zhaowei Kong, Fengxue Qi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on static and dynamic postural stability in healthy young adults. The results showed that anodal tDCS had an immediate improving effect on both static and dynamic postural stability in the participants. This suggests that tDCS may be a promising adjuvant rehabilitation treatment for enhancing postural deficits.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Asad Khan, Marios Antonakakis, Sonja Suntrup-Krueger, Rebekka Lencer, Michael A. Nitsche, Walter Paulus, Joachim Gross, Carsten H. Wolters
Summary: In this study, the application of the multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation (mc-tDCS) method was tested and compared with standard bipolar tDCS and sham stimulation. The results show that individually optimized mc-tDCS using the D-CMI method can outperform standard bipolar stimulation and provide better control over stimulation outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Aarohi Pathak, Kimberley Jovanov, Michael Nitsche, Ali Mazalek, Timothy N. Welsh
Summary: The study aimed to determine if tool-embodiment-like phenomenon emerges following different interventions. Results showed that repeated exposure to the body-part compatibility paradigm can lead to changes in response time, indicating the emergence of tool-embodiment, regardless of active tool-use.
JOURNAL OF MOTOR BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Hamzeh Baharlouei, Mohammad Ali Salehinejad, Ailin Talimkhani, Michael A. Nitsche
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effect of different types of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) interventions on gait in healthy young and older adults. According to the findings, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the motor cortex and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over the cerebellum showed promising effects on gait characteristics such as speed, synchronization, and variability. However, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation had no effects, and no studies were available for transcranial random noise stimulation and transcranial pulsed current stimulation. NIBS is a promising approach to improve gait in healthy young and older adults.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Annalisa Palmisano, Giulio Chiarantoni, Francesco Bossi, Alessio Conti, Vitiana D'Elia, Serena Tagliente, Michael A. Nitsche, Davide Rivolta
Summary: This study investigated the neurophysiological correlates of face pareidolia using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). The results showed that 40Hz-tACS can enhance pareidolic illusions in face perception tasks, causing participants to more often misperceive scrambled stimuli as faces. In addition, participants receiving 40Hz-tACS showed similar reaction times when perceiving illusory faces and correctly recognizing noise stimuli, indicating no hesitancy in identifying faces where there were none. Furthermore, 40Hz-tACS induced slower rejections of face pareidolia responses in the noise pareidolia test.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ensiyeh Ghasemian-Shirvan, Ruxandra Ungureanu, Lorena Melo, Kim van Dun, Min-Fang Kuo, Michael A. Nitsche, Raf L. J. Meesen
Summary: The effect of different anodal tDCS intensities on motor sequence learning in older adults was investigated. The results showed that increasing the intensity of anodal stimulation did not have a significant effect on implicit motor learning tasks in the elderly.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Hsiao- Kuo, Ming-Hsien Hsieh, Yi-Ting Lin, Min-Fang Kuo, Michael A. Nitsche
Summary: This study demonstrates the positive effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on motor learning, which may be attributed to the alteration of cortical excitability, particularly the reduction of GABA activity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani, Desmond Agboada, Tuomas P. Mutanen, Jens Haueisen, Michael A. Nitsche, Min-Fang Kuo
Summary: This study investigated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The results showed that the effects of tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1) are not directly transferable to the PFC. This study provides crucial information for future tDCS applications.
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Valerio Manippa, Annalisa Palmisano, Michael A. Nitsche, Marco Filardi, Davide Vilella, Giancarlo Logroscino, Davide Rivolta
Summary: Despite lacking disease-modifying therapy for dementia, targeting high-frequency gamma-band oscillations involved in hippocampal-mediated memory processes shows promise for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Gamma-band entrainment with transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has shown cognitive improvement and potential effects on neuropathological markers in some studies. However, the small number of studies and variability in methodology make it challenging to draw firm conclusions. Future research should address these limitations and explore the effects of gamma-tACS on dementia.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Alfredo Brancucci, Davide Rivolta, Michael A. Nitsche, Valerio Manippa
Summary: The present review summarizes all papers published on transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) up to the end of the year 2022. tRNS is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique introduced about 15 years ago, which is increasingly being used in neuroscience. It involves applying a weak, white noise-like current over the scalp using electrodes with a surface area of several square centimeters, for a duration of seconds to minutes. Despite its low spatial and temporal resolution, tRNS has well-defined effects on central motor excitability, primarily through its impact on neuronal membrane sodium channels. These effects can last longer than the duration of stimulation itself. While the cellular-level effects in the motor cortex are becoming clearer, further studies are still needed to understand the effects of tRNS on motor behavior and performance. Initial research results, however, are promising for both basic and applied research.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andres Molero-Chamizo, Michael A. Nitsche, Rafael Tomas Andujar Barroso, Jose R. Alameda Bailen, Jesus Carlos Garcia Palomeque, Guadalupe Nathzidy Rivera-Urbina
Summary: Although fibromyalgia is primarily characterized by muscular pain, it also involves dysfunctions in various bodily systems. Neuromodulatory stimulation techniques have shown potential in treating the neurological symptoms of fibromyalgia. In this review, we discuss the use of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques as therapeutic strategies and their contribution to understanding the neurophysiological characteristics of fibromyalgia. While these approaches do not aim to cure the syndrome, they can significantly improve patients' quality of life by reducing key symptoms.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Patrick D. Gajewski, Jennifer A. Rieker, Georgios Athanassiou, Peter Broede, Maren Claus, Klaus Golka, Jan G. Hengstler, Thomas Kleinsorge, Michael A. Nitsche, Joerg Reinders, Anita Tisch, Carsten Watzl, Edmund Wascher, Stephan Getzmann
Summary: As employees age, their physical and mental abilities decline, which decreases their work ability and increases the risk for long-term sick leave or premature retirement. This study systematically evaluated a wide range of factors to identify the most crucial predictors of low and high work ability. The results showed that sociodemographic factors such as education, social activities, and sleep quality have a significant impact on work ability, and age-dependent and age-independent determinants of work ability were identified.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Ghazaleh Soleimani, Michael A. Nitsche, Til Ole Bergmann, Farzad Towhidkhah, Ines R. Violante, Romy Lorenz, Rayus Kuplicki, Aki Tsuchiyagaito, Beni Mulyana, Ahmad Mayeli, Peyman Ghobadi-Azbari, Mohsen Mosayebi-Samani, Anna Zilverstand, Martin P. Paulus, Marom Bikson, Hamed Ekhtiari
Summary: One of the challenges in using noninvasive brain stimulation techniques for psychiatric and neurologic disorders is the variability in response. Integrating transcranial electrical stimulation with real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging can establish closed-loop systems for individual optimization of neuromodulation.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Radwa H. Lutfy, Sherine Abdel Salam, Haitham S. Mohammed, Marwa M. Shakweer, Amina E. Essawy
Summary: Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. This study found that near-infrared (NIR) laser therapy can alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation on the hypothalamus, enhance antioxidant status, suppress neuroinflammation, and regulate cellular activity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Durmus Ali Aslanlar, Emin Fatih Visneci, Mehmet Oz, K. Esra Nurullahoglu Atalik
Summary: Mood disorders caused by chemotherapy have become more important as cancer patients' survival increases. This study used methotrexate to induce mood disorders in rats and found that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate brain chemistry. The findings suggest that NAC treatment could be an effective strategy in revising the treatment for individuals suffering from chemotherapy-induced mood disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yunfan Zhang, Yunbin Zhang, Zhuangfei Chen, Ping Ren, Yu Fu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of extremely low intensity HF-rTMS on cognition in mice and found that 40 Hz rTMS significantly impaired exploratory behavior and spatial memory at both 10 mT and 1 mT conditions. Additionally, 40 Hz stimulation had remarkably different effects on exploratory behavior depending on intensity, compared to 10 Hz stimulation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xuan Xuan, Guangling Zheng, Wenjia Zhu, Qionghua Sun, Yawei Zeng, Juan Du, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study examines the functional characteristics of the cerebellum in individuals with sALS and their correlation with clinical data. The results show changes in both local and global functional connectivity in the cerebellum of sALS patients, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in sALS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of tDCS for PTSD and related symptoms, as well as the factors that may predict response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. The severity of symptoms at baseline may also predict the response to tDCS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huimin Wu, Yiqun Guo, Yaoyao Zhang, Le Zhao, Cheng Guo
Summary: Aggression can have serious consequences, but little is known about its personality and neurological origins in children. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure in healthy children, and found that self-esteem was negatively associated with aggression. The study also revealed that increased cortical thickness in certain brain areas may be a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression in children.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinmei Deng, Kexin Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Lin Zhang, Mingping Lin, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao
Summary: Parental involvement affects the relationship and communication between parents and adolescents. This study found that high parental involvement is associated with stronger brain-to-brain synchrony during shared positive emotional experiences, while low parental involvement is associated with stronger synchrony during shared negative emotional experiences.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Deng, I. -Shuo Huang, Kourtlin Williams, Marcy L. Wainwright, Paul Zimba, Riccardo Mozzachiodi
Summary: Food deprivation can lead to neurological dysfunctions, including memory impairment. This study used Aplysia as an animal model to investigate the memory deficits caused by prolonged food deprivation. The results showed that 14 days of food deprivation decreased the level of 5-HT in the hemolymph, which contributed to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates. However, exogenous application of 5-HT partially induced sensitization in the food deprived animals.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ihori Kobayashi, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: The study found that intervention with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant did not have the expected effects on extinction memory and sleep. Higher percentages of REM sleep were associated with poorer extinction memory recall and stronger fear responses. Additionally, the fear extinction training protocol used in this study did not lead to complete fear extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jiyan Xu, Xinlu Chen, Shuai Liu, Ziqi Wei, Minhui Xu, Linhao Jiang, Xue Han, Liangyu Peng, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oxidative stress and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mice. The results showed that NMN pretreatment reduced oxidative stress damage and alleviated cognitive impairment in POCD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Song Liu, Qiang Wu, Liyue Wang, Cong Xing, Junrui Guo, Baicao Li, Hongpeng Ma, Hao Zhong, Mi Zhou, Shibo Zhu, Rusen Zhu, Guangzhi Ning
Summary: In this study, a systematic assessment indicator was developed to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI. By screening CatWalk XT gait parameters and using exploratory factor analysis, 38 suitable parameters for assessing motor function were identified. A reliable Coordinated Function Index (CFI) was proposed based on these parameters and simplified for improved assessment efficacy.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyosuke Shiga, Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on microscale learning in implicit motor tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that the stimulation protocol had no significant effects on microscale learning, revealing a novel aspect of microscale learning in implicit motor tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cahide Aslan, Rahime Aslankoc, Ozlem Ozmen, Buse Nur Suluk, Oguzhan Kavrik, Nurhan Gumral
Summary: This study examined the negative effects of high fructose corn syrup on prefrontal cortex damage in adolescent rats, as well as the protective role of vitamin D.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matin Baghani, Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Reyhaneh Askari, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study suggests that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus region of the brain may act as an endogenous pain control system and a potential target for treating stress-related disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sen Zhou, Yang Liu, Binbin Xue, Peigen Yuan
Summary: This study confirmed that low-dose Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depressive symptoms by regulating the GSK-3 beta/NLRP3 pathway. Appropriate doses of Esketamine are essential for the treatment of depression in the clinical setting.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)