Article
Physiology
Charlie J. Davids, Tore C. Naess, Maria Moen, Kristoffer T. Cumming, Oscar Horwath, Niklas Psilander, Bjorn Ekblom, Jeff S. Coombes, Jonathan Peake, Truls Raastad, Llion A. Roberts
Summary: The study compared the effects of high-load resistance training with low-load resistance training combined with BFR on muscle function, morphology, and signaling pathways in trained individuals. Results showed that both training methods had similar effects on muscle hypertrophy, but high-load training resulted in superior gains in muscle strength.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Charlie J. Davids, Truls Raastad, Lachlan P. James, Trishan Gajanand, Emily Smith, Mark Connick, Hamish McGorm, Shelley Keating, Jeff S. Coombes, Jonathan M. Peake, Llion A. Roberts
Summary: The study compared skeletal muscle morphological and functional outcomes after low-load resistance training using two different blood flow restriction (BFR) protocols. The results showed that adding BFR did not result in superior morphological or functional adaptations in recreationally active individuals. Intermittent BFR and low-load resistance training without BFR were found to be suitable alternative training methods.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Primary Health Care
Wael Daab, Mohamed Amine Bouzid, Mehdi Lajri, Mustapha Bouchiba, Haithem Rebai
Summary: The results suggest that the application of IVO after simulated soccer physical demand test can accelerate recovery kinetics in soccer players, reducing muscle damage and soreness.
PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lin Zhou, Eric Fischer, Clemens Markus Brahms, Urs Granacher, Bert Arnrich
Summary: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in developing and evaluating gait analysis algorithms based on IMU data. This article presents a dataset consisting of 6-minute walks under different conditions from sixteen healthy adults using a mobile IMU setup. The dataset includes multiple IMU placements, rich gait parameters, and additional study-related information to support further analysis.
Article
Physiology
Anthony K. May, Aaron P. Russell, Paul A. Della Gatta, Stuart A. Warmington
Summary: Resistance-based blood flow restriction training (BFRT) and heavy-load resistance training (HLRT) have similar effects on muscle strength and size, activating similar anabolic pathways. However, BFRT leads to minor muscle hypertrophy, suggesting that strength adaptation is primarily driven by neurological adaptation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stuart Maitland, Enrique Escobedo-Cousin, Ian Schofield, Anthony O'Neill, Stuart Baker, Roger Whittaker
Summary: This study developed a new method to determine the spatial distribution of muscle fibers within human motor units using a flexible multi-channel electrode and a deconvolution method. The results demonstrated that human motor units spatially overlap and provided data on the spatial arrangement of muscle fibers.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu-Lung Lin, Jennifer Nhieu, Thomas Lerdall, Liming Milbauer, Chin-Wen Wei, Dong Jun Lee, Sang-Hyun Oh, Stanley Thayer, Li-Na Wei
Summary: This study presents a novel three-dimensional bilayer hydrogel tri-culture system that allows the formation of architecturally organized motor units (MUs) in vitro. The researchers successfully co-cultured three cell types of a MU, namely motor neuron (MN), myoblast, and Schwann cell, on a bilayer hydrogel matrix. The developed model exhibited key features of MUs, including organized MU structure, myelinated nerves, aligned myotubes innervated on clustered neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), MN-driven myotube contractions, and increases in cytosolic Ca2+ upon stimulation. This model provides a valuable tool for studying neuromuscular disorders and peripheral neuropathies, as well as for physiological and pharmacological research in tissue engineering.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Talita P. P. Pinto, Andrea Turolla, Marco Gazzoni, Michela Agostini, Taian M. M. Vieira
Summary: Degeneration of lower motoneurons is commonly found in stroke survivors, however, surviving motoneurons may innervate denervated muscle fibers as compensation. In this study, we used electrical stimulation and surface electromyography to examine the variations in M wave amplitudes in paretic muscles compared to non-paretic muscles after stroke. The results showed significantly greater increments in paretic muscles, indicating collateral reinnervation and enlargement of motor units. This non-invasive analysis may be useful for monitoring disease progression and clinical outcomes in stroke survivors.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Emerson L. Teixeira, Vitor de Salles Painelli, Carla Silva-Batista, Talita de Souza Barros, Ariel R. Longo, Thiago Lasevicius, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Andre Y. Aihara, Bergson de Almeida Peres
Summary: Short-term gains in muscle strength and hypertrophy from resistance training with blood flow restriction are not maintained after a 12-day detraining period, and the application of BFR without exercise stimulus does not attenuate these losses.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Hikaru Yokoyama, Naotsugu Kaneko, Atsushi Sasaki, Akira Saito, Kimitaka Nakazawa
Summary: Objective: This study investigated the firing behavior of motor units (MUs) in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle during slow walking using high-density surface electromyogram (HDsEMG) decomposition. Main results include gait phase-specific firing, doublet firings, and high MU synchronization during walking, which suggests flexible control of MU firing by the central nervous system during human walking.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Peter G. Tickle, Paul W. Hendrickse, Andrew Weightman, M. Hakam Nazir, Hans Degens, Stuart Egginton
Summary: Capillary rarefaction is associated with impaired muscle fatigue resistance and microvascular impairment in cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise and mechanical overload can prevent and restore muscle function in the early stages of heart disease, highlighting the importance of optimal capillary diffusion for skeletal muscle performance. Pro-angiogenic therapies are effective in improving skeletal muscle function in chronic diseases.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Stephen D. Patterson, Rachael Swan, William Page, Moacir Marocolo, Owen Jeffries, Mark Waldron
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning on the recovery process following exercise-induced muscle damage. The results showed that repeated application of ischemic preconditioning can enhance the recovery of maximal voluntary isometric contraction more effectively than acute application, and both reduce swelling following EIMD compared to a SHAM condition.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Linda Heskamp, Alexis R. Miller, Matthew G. Birkbeck, Julie Hall, Ian S. Schofield, Andrew M. Blamire, Roger G. Whittaker
Summary: This study used MRI to assess the in-vivo cross-sectional and 3D morphology of human motor units in hand, forearm, and lower leg muscles. The results showed no significant differences in the size and morphology of motor units among these muscles, and the 3D imaging revealed a more complex structure of human motor units than previously thought.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Fatemeh Pazokian, Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari, Hamid Rajabi
Summary: This study found that functional training can effectively improve muscle hypertrophy indices and strength in older adults. Adding blood flow restriction to functional training had a slight increase in these indices but a tremendous increase in muscle strength.
EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Jose Priego-Quesada, Marcio F. Goethel, Klaus Magno Becker, Ricardo J. Fernandes, Joao Paulo Vilas-Boas
Summary: This tutorial paper describes the methodology and examples of surface electromyography decomposition to teach the concept of motor unit recruitment. This technique can facilitate the introduction of theoretical content in practical classes for physiology and biomechanics academics.
Article
Orthopedics
Bo Bregenhof, Per Aagaard, Nis Nissen, Mark W. Creaby, Jonas Bloch Thorlund, Carsten Jensen, Trine Torfing, Anders Holsgaard-Larsen
Summary: For patients with persistent hamstring strength deficits after ACL reconstruction, 12 weeks of supervised progressive strength training was found to be more effective than low-intensity home-based exercises for improving maximal knee flexor muscle strength and some patient-reported outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC & SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Emanuela Juvenal Martins, Ana Claudia Mattiello-Sverzut, Camila Scarpino Barboza Franco, Tenysson Will de Lemos, Per Aagaard
Summary: The study showed significant impairments in maximal and rapid elbow muscle force characteristics in youth with spina bifida. These findings are important for evaluating and assisting in the rehabilitation training of individuals with spina bifida.
CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tiril Toien, Runar Unhjem, Ole Kristian Berg, Per Aagaard, Eivind Wang
Summary: Neural factors are critical in the age-related decline in strength and rate of force development. This study found that strength training and endurance training have different effects on neuromuscular function, accompanied by different physiological traits. Emphasizing strength training is important for maintaining the ability to carry out force-dependent tasks in older age.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Emanuela J. Martins, Paula Serrao, Marisa M. Leonardi-Figueiredo, Leticia S. Ravanelli, Felipe S. Serenza, Stela Mattiello, Per Aagaard, Ana Mattiello-Sverzut
Summary: This study found that children and adolescents with spina bifida have reduced arm muscle strength compared to their typically developing peers, particularly during propulsive wheelchair activities. Handheld dynamometry and isokinetic dynamometry produce similar results, supporting the use of handheld dynamometry in a clinical setting.
PHYSIOTHERAPY THEORY AND PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Joaquin Calatayud, Daniel C. Ogrezeanu, Juan J. Carrasco, Eduardo Martinez-Valdes, Sofia Perez-Alenda, Carlos Cruz-Montecinos, Lars L. Andersen, Per Aagaard, Luis Suso-Marti, Jose Casana
Summary: This study aimed to compare the safety, feasibility, and neuromuscular activity of low-load resistance exercise with/without blood flow restriction (BFR) in people with severe hemophilia. The results showed that BFR did not cause pain increases or adverse events, and there were no significant changes in neuromuscular activity. Therefore, it is safe and feasible for these patients to perform exercise with low load and appropriate BFR.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Tobias Goetschi, Victoria Held, Gianna Klucker, Barbara Niederoest, Per Aagaard, Joerg Spoerri, Fabian S. Passini, Jess G. Snedeker
Summary: Prolonged periods of increased physical demands can cause both positive and negative adaptations in tendons, depending on the underlying mechanisms. The PIEZO1 ion channel has been implicated in tendon mechanotransduction and the E756del gain-of-function variant has been linked to improved jumping performance. This study found that carrying the E756del gene variant was associated with increased patellar tendon stiffness in humans, but there was no correlation between tendon stiffness and jumping performance.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Christopher T. A. Lewis, Lee Tabrizian, Joachim Nielsen, Jenni Laitila, Thomas N. Beck, Mathilde S. Olsen, Marija M. Ognjanovic, Per Aagaard, Rune Hokken, Simon Laugesen, Arthur Ingersen, Jesper L. Andersen, Casper Soendenbroe, Jorn W. Helge, Flemming Dela, Steen Larsen, Ronni E. Sahl, Tue Romer, Mikkel T. Hansen, Jacob Frandsen, Charlotte Suetta, Julien Ochala
Summary: Lewis et al. investigated the influence of training status on relaxed myosin conformations and found that moderate physical activity leads to a shift in relaxed myosin conformation, resulting in reduced ATP consumption. Their study revealed that physical activity level and training type can influence resting skeletal muscle myosin dynamics, suggesting that environmental stimuli such as exercise can rewire the molecular metabolism of human skeletal muscle through myosin.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Javier Botella, Camilla T. Schytz, Thomas F. Pehrson, Rune Hokken, Simon Laugesen, Per Aagaard, Charlotte Suetta, Britt Christensen, Niels Ortenblad, Joachim Nielsen
Summary: This study investigated the mitochondrial structural characteristics in skeletal muscle of strength athletes compared to untrained controls. The results showed that strength athletes had increased mitochondrial cristae density, decreased mitochondrial size, and increased surface-to-volume ratio in their mitochondrial pool, despite similar mitochondrial volume density. In addition, resistance exercise led to mild mitochondrial stress but did not increase the number of damaged mitochondria. Moreover, the study found that acute resistance exercise increased the expression of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, and mitochondrial unfolded protein responses (UPRmt), and strength-trained individuals showed an enrichment of the UPRmt in their basal transcriptome. These findings suggest that strength athletes have a unique mitochondrial remodeling that minimizes the space required for mitochondria.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Physiology
M. H. Hjortshoej, P. Aagaard, C. D. Storgaard, H. Juneja, J. Lundbye-Jensen, S. P. Magnusson, C. Couppe
Summary: This study evaluated the hormonal, immune, and oxidative stress responses in healthy adults following low-load blood-flow restricted resistance exercise (LL-BFRRE) and conventional free-flow resistance exercise (FFRE). The results showed that LL-BFRRE induced higher hormone and immune responses compared to FFRE, and had attenuated oxidative stress responses compared to HL-FFRE.
Article
Sport Sciences
M. J. Johansen, P. Aagaard, K. D. Gejl, T. Kvorning, J. Bojsen-Moller
Summary: This study examined the relationship between maximal club head speed (CHS) and physiological and anthropometric factors in 21 national-level male golfers. The study found that CHS was positively correlated with measures of strength, power, and trunk rotation. Participants with high CHS demonstrated greater strength, power, and trunk rotation compared to those with low CHS. Improving neuromuscular strength and power may be important for golfers to increase CHS and driving distance.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Runi Blafoss, Per Aagaard, Thomas Clausen, Lars L. Andersen
Summary: Consecutive workdays led to progressively increased low back pain intensity, while workers needed 2 days off to recover. This study provides valuable knowledge about how to organize the workweek to prevent low back pain, fatigue, and stress.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Hallur Thorsteinsson, Jeppe F. Vigh-Larsen, Jeppe Panduro, Bjorn Fristrup, Daniel Zornow Kruse, Lasse Gliemann, Marte Egeland, Jens L. Olesen, Per Aagaard, Morten B. Randers, Peter Krustrup, Lars Nybo, Kristian Overgaard, Magni Mohr
Summary: The present study aimed to evaluate the acute decrements and subsequent recovery of skeletal muscle glycogen levels, muscle function, and repeated-sprint ability following ice hockey game-play. The results showed that muscle glycogen content and muscle function decreased significantly after the game, but the impact on repeated-sprint ability was minimal and fully recovered within 1-2 days postgame.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Jon Skovgaard Jensen, Anders Holsgaard-Larsen, Anders Stengaard Sorensen, Per Aagaard, Jens Bojsen-Moller
Summary: This study investigates the biomechanical effects of robot-assisted body weight unloading (BWU) on gait patterns in healthy young adults. The results show that dynamic robot-assisted BWU enables reduced kinetic requirements without distorting biomechanically normal gait patterns during overground walking.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2024)
Review
Sport Sciences
Stian Langgard Jorgensen, Signe Kierkegaard, Marie Bagger Bohn, Per Aagaard, Inger Mechlenburg
Summary: This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of pre-operative resistance training in patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery. The results showed that prehabilitation efforts involving progressive resistance training can improve post-operative outcomes in terms of functional performance, knee extensor strength, and patient-reported outcomes. However, the optimal loading intensity remains unknown.
FRONTIERS IN SPORTS AND ACTIVE LIVING
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Matthew J. Jordan, Nathaniel Morris, Sophia Nimphius, Per Aagaard, Walter Herzog
Summary: A retrospective analysis on routine countermovement jump testing in female elite alpine skiers revealed that ACL-reconstructed skiers may experience impaired SSC function for up to 5 years post-surgery, although limb-specific asymmetry decreases over time.
FRONTIERS IN SPORTS AND ACTIVE LIVING
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Minyu Zhang, Biyang Xiao, Xiaoqi Chen, Bingming Ou, Songtao Wang
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to bile acid and gut microbiota disorders. Exercise plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota by regulating the composition and function of the bile acid pool in the enterohepatic axis. Exercise has been recommended as a first-line intervention for NAFLD, and regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy.