Glycerophospholipids pathways and chromosomal instability in gastric cancer: Global lipidomics analysis

BACKGROUND Based on the breakthrough of genomics analysis, The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Group recently proposed an integrative genomic analysis, dividing gastric cancer (GC) into four subtypes, characterized by the chromosomal instability (CIN) status. However, the CIN status of GC is still vaguely characterized and lacking the valuable easy-to-use CIN markers to diagnosis in molecular and histological detection. AIM To explore the associations of CIN with downstream lipidomics profiles. METHODS We collected cancerous and noncancerous tissue samples from 18 patients with GC; the samples were divided into CIN and non-CIN types based on the system of The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Group and 409 sequenced oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. We identified the lipidomics profiles of the GC samples and samples of their adjacent noncancerous tissues by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we selected leading metabolites based on variable importance in projection scores of > 1.0 and P < 0.05. RESULTS Twelve men and six women participated in this study; the participants had a median age of 67.5 years (range, 52-87 years) and were divided into CIN (n = 9) and non-CIN (n = 9) groups. The GC samples exhibited distinct profiles of lysophosphocholine, phosphocholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphoserine, sphingomyelin, ceramide, and triglycerides compared with their adjacent noncancerous tissues. The glycerophospholipid levels (phosphocholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol) were 1.4-to 2.3-times higher in the CIN group compared with the non-CIN group (P < 0.05). Alterations in the glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid pathways indicated progression of GC toward CIN. CONCLUSION The lipidomics profiles of GC samples were distinct from those of their adjacent noncancerous tissues. CIN status of GC is primarily associated with downstream lipidomics in the glycerophospholipid pathway.