期刊
ENERGY SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
卷 7, 期 2, 页码 411-419出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ese3.283
关键词
battery scheme; fire hazard; gas emissions; heat release
资金
- National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFC0809500]
- Changzhou Sci Tech Program [CE20185001]
- Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Fire Science [HZ2015-KF13]
The fire hazards of fully charged large-scale commercial LiFePO4/graphite and LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2/graphite batteries are experimentally studied using a bench-scale calorimetry apparatus. The battery burning process can be roughly summarized into three stages with significant criteria. The fire behaviors associated with LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2/graphite battery give more splash spark, explosion, and gas/smoke ejection, while LiFePO4/graphite battery presents more jet flame. The sound signal may be a good choice for reflecting the battery state during thermal failure. The battery catches fire when average surface temperature (ST) reaches about 150 degrees C. The maximum average STs for LiFePO4/graphite and LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2/graphite batteries are approximately 535.3 and 658.7 degrees C, respectively. The maximum heat release rate (HRR) of two batteries is comparable, while the total heat release for LiFePO4/graphite battery is higher than LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2/graphite battery. The normalized heat release by initial mass of battery is found to be 2.304 and 3.133kJ/g for LiFePO4/graphite and LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2/graphite batteries, respectively. Besides, LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2/graphite battery releases more CO and exhibits larger mass loss compared with LiFePO4/graphite battery. Finally, fire risk assessment for two batteries is also performed and discussed. In conclusion, LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2/graphite battery is more hazardous than LiFePO4/graphite battery in current condition.
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