Differing views: Can chimpanzees do Level 2 perspective-taking?

The goggles experiment: can chimpanzees use self-experience to infer what a competitor can see?

(2015) Katja Karg et al.   ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR

Chimpanzees strategically manipulate what others can see

(2015) Katja Karg et al.   ANIMAL COGNITION

All great ape species (Gorilla gorilla, Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Pongo abelii) and two-and-a-half-year-old children (Homo sapiens) discriminate appearance from reality.

(2014) Katja Karg et al.   JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY

Bonobos and chimpanzees infer the target of another’s attention

(2012) Evan L. MacLean et al.   ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR

Chimpanzees predict that a competitor's preference will match their own

(2012) M. Schmelz et al.   Biology Letters

Wild Chimpanzees Inform Ignorant Group Members of Danger

(2011) Catherine Crockford et al.   CURRENT BIOLOGY

Chimpanzees know that others make inferences

(2011) M. Schmelz et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

False-belief understanding in infants

(2010) Renée Baillargeon et al.   TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES

Reaching around barriers: the performance of the great apes and 3–5-year-old children

(2009) Petra H. J. M. Vlamings et al.   ANIMAL COGNITION

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) know what can be seen from where

(2008) Carla Krachun et al.   ANIMAL COGNITION

How the great apes (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus, Gorilla gorilla) perform on the reversed reward contingency task II: Transfer to new quantities, long-term retention, and the impact of quantity ratios.

(2008) Jana Uher et al.   JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY