Review
Engineering, Civil
Emmanuel Mignot, Benjamin Dewals
Summary: This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding urban flood processes and their modeling from 2018 to 2021. It covers four aspects: knowledge of urban flood flow and transport processes, stability of humans and objects within flooded streets, reliability of computational modeling, and approaches for speeding up computations of urban flood events. New laboratory setups have revealed previously unexplored processes, and improvements in computations have been achieved through strategies such as merging and processing various data sources and incorporating more details on drainage systems.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kara D. Wyatt, Neha N. Goel, Jessica S. Whittle
Summary: This article reviews the clinical efficacy of high flow nasal oxygen in treating respiratory failure in different patient populations and discusses its application in various clinical settings.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
C. M. Rathnayaka, C. S. From, N. M. Geekiyanage, Y. T. Gu, N. -t. Nguyen, E. Sauret
Summary: Liquid marbles are liquid droplets coated with hydrophobic particles that exhibit unique properties and have a wide range of engineering applications. Numerical modeling techniques have shown promising capabilities in simulating complex physical phenomena of liquid marbles, indicating their potential for large-scale engineering applications.
ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Physics, Applied
Ruizhi Dong, Man Sun, Fangshuo Mo, Dongxing Mao, Xu Wang, Yong Li
Summary: Acoustic metasurfaces offer new solutions for acoustic ventilation barriers by utilizing physics principles such as local resonance and Fano-like interference. The main challenge lies in expanding the sound-proofing range, while future directions in this emerging field remain to be explored.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Alberto Vassallo, Steve Kett, Diane Purchase, Massimiliano Marvasi
Summary: Cities with high population density are reservoirs of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and support the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). Understanding the network linking urban reservoirs and the environment is crucial for controlling the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in urban settings.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elsa Arcaute, Jose J. Ramasco
Summary: Cities are characterized by a dense population and high interactions among individuals from diverse backgrounds, originating parallel to the Neolithic revolution millennia ago. Their advantages in terms of economy, innovation, social and cultural progress have made them a major landmark in recent human history. From a scientific perspective, studying urban systems involves various aspects such as demography, mobility, economic output, land use, urban planning, housing accessibility, energy and water consumption, waste processing, health, education, and integration of minorities.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sung-Eun Choi, Harrison Khoo, Soojung Claire Hur
Summary: This article introduces the physical principles and design trends of microscale electroporation devices and discusses their applications in drug development and cell analysis, among other areas.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Maximilian O. Besenhard, Aikaterini Tsatse, Luca Mazzei, Eva Sorensen
Summary: The article provides a comprehensive and critical review of recent developments in designing and operating liquid chromatographic systems, focusing on their modeling approaches and control strategies at large scale.
CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Karol Chojnowski, Mikolaj Opielka, Milosz Piotrowicz, Bartosz Kamil Sobocki, Justyna Napora, Filip Dabrowski, Maciej Piotrowski, Tomasz Mazurek
Summary: Kienbock's disease is a rare condition characterized by avascular necrosis of the lunate bone, leading to reduced wrist motion, pain, and swelling. Despite advancements in treatment, the cause and pathophysiology of the disease remain unclear. Risk factors include anatomical features, blood supply differences, increased intraosseous pressure, trauma, and environmental factors. Treatment selection is challenging due to the lack of direct correlation between radiographic features and clinical symptoms, as well as variations among age groups. Treatment options range from nonoperative management to bone grafting procedures.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Rafal Buczynski, Ilona Uryga-Bugajska, Mieszko Tokarski
Summary: Low-gradient combustion (LGC) is an effective alternative technology for reducing pollutant emissions and carbon footprint, especially when combined with hydrogen. Numerical simulations, particularly using the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC), have become a powerful tool for studying LGC, but there is still no detailed reaction mechanism capable of accurately predicting temperature profiles and emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ayodeji Adeniran, Alex Bates, Nicholas Schuppert, Ashwin Menon, Sam Park
Summary: The aqueous redox flow battery (RFB) is a promising technology for grid energy storage, offering high energy efficiency, long life cycle, easy scalability, and the potential for extreme low cost. This review explores recent advances in aqueous RFBs, highlighting novel chemistries, configurations, and the current standard in operating current density and energy efficiency. The advantages and disadvantages of various aqueous RFB systems are contrasted, and major challenges facing the technology are brought to attention, along with the current research trend and direction.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kok Sin Woon, Zhen Xin Phuang, Jan Taler, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Cheng Tung Chong, Jirf Jaromfr Klemes, Chew Tin Lee
Summary: Climate change is a major long-term threat to humanity. Transforming urban energy from carbon-intensive to carbon-free solutions is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality. This review discusses recent advances in green energy development in urban sectors, including industry, buildings, transportation, and waste treatment. It highlights the need for developing novel energy materials, improving energy storage capacity, reducing vulnerability of renewable sources, optimizing modeling, and enhancing engineering design. The challenges and recommendations for green energy development in environmental, economic, and societal aspects are summarized, along with the importance of minimizing energy consumption in waste treatment. Innovations in technology, institutional regulations, incentives, and behavioral changes are necessary for achieving carbon neutrality in urban environments.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Dachen Wang, Chengqiao Ding, Zhe Feng, Shuyu Ji, Di Cui
Summary: This paper reviews the recent advancements in the design and development of portable devices for evaluating fruit firmness. The principle, application, and performance of different devices are presented, and the idea of integrating multiple sensors to achieve higher sensing performance is proposed.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Yulin Deng, Hao Jiang, Xiaoqiong Li, Xuefei Lv
Summary: The review summarizes methods for improving the sensitivity of lateral flow assay (LFA), such as sample pretreatment, flow rate changes, and label evolution, and discusses the future development direction and challenges of LFAs.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Panneerselvam Ranganathan, Ashutosh Kumar Pandey, Ranjna Sirohi, Anh Tuan Hoang, Sang-Hyoun Kim
Summary: This study reviews the application of computational flow modelling in photobioreactors and discusses an integrated modelling approach for these reactors. It also reviews intensified systems for improving the performance of photobioreactors. Future considerations include the development of multi-scale modelling methods and low-cost efficient computational frameworks, as well as the use of process intensification techniques to enhance hydrodynamics, mixing, and mass transfer in photobioreactors.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xin Guo, Riccardo Buccolieri, Zhi Gao, Mingjie Zhang, Tong Lyu, Liyan Rui, Jialei Shen
Summary: This paper investigates the airflow and pollutant dispersion within urban intersections through CFD simulations, finding that the ventilation efficiency is significantly impacted by intersection type, wind direction, and number of branches. Three-way intersections have better ventilation efficiency, with wind direction having a greater influence on three-way and four-way intersections compared to roundabouts.
BUILDING SIMULATION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. L. Santiago, E. Rivas, A. R. Gamarra, M. G. Vivanco, R. Buccolieri, A. Martilli, Y. Lechon, F. Martin
Summary: This study investigates the health impacts of atmospheric pollution in urban environments and evaluates different approaches to estimate population exposure. The results suggest that a spatial resolution of 1 km x 1 km or finer is required to obtain accurate estimates of total population exposure and health-related externalities. Furthermore, using air quality monitoring station concentrations can lead to significant errors in terms of population exposure.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jose-Luis Santiago, Beatriz Sanchez, Esther Rivas, Marta G. Vivanco, Mark Richard Theobald, Juan Luis Garrido, Victoria Gil, Alberto Martilli, Alejandro Rodriguez-Sanchez, Riccardo Buccolieri, Fernando Martin
Summary: This article studies the effects of the measures considered for 2030 in the Spanish National Air Pollution Control Programme (NAPCP) on air quality. High spatial resolution modeling shows that in the emission scenarios for 2030, annual mean NO2 concentrations are estimated to be below 40 μg/m³ only with the additional measures of NAPCP.
Article
Architecture
Mingjie Zhang, Wei You, Qin Qin, Dandan Peng, Youpei Hu, Zhi Gao, Riccardo Buccolieri
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of urban residential block morphology on microclimates in China. The study identifies typical residential block typologies in Nanjing and conducts numerical simulations to analyze the effect of morphological indices on the microclimate. The findings reveal a strong correlation between floor area ratio and urban heat island intensity, mean radiation temperature, and universal thermal climate index. The study suggests that increasing floor area ratio can improve the thermal environment but may result in higher wind velocity.
FRONTIERS OF ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Riccardo Buccolieri, Oliver S. Carlo, Esther Rivas, Jose L. Santiago, Pietro Salizzoni, M. Salman Siddiqui
Summary: Air pollution in cities poses a significant long-term health risk to urban populations. Research has explored passive methods, such as using "obstacles," to alter urban canyon airflow and enhance pollutant dispersion. This paper summarizes newer studies, their findings, and challenges in implementing these measures for existing urban canyons, aiming to develop urban design guidelines that improve air quality in the urban environment.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. L. Santiago, E. Rivas, R. Buccolieri, A. Martilli, M. G. Vivanco, R. Borge, O. S. Carlo, F. Martin
Summary: This paper investigates the relationship between traffic-related pollutant concentrations at pedestrian level and indoor pollutant concentrations in different rooms of a standard building. Through CFD modelling, the study simulates wind flow and pollutant dispersion both outdoors and indoors. The results show that indoor pollutant concentrations vary significantly depending on the floor, window configuration, wind direction, and incidence angle. Generally, indoor concentrations decrease with floor, but the extent of decrease varies across scenarios and rooms. Indoor concentrations higher than the street average are found in some rooms due to high pollutant concentrations near open windows. However, on average, indoor concentrations are lower than those at pedestrian level. The average ratio between indoor and outdoor concentrations is 0.56 +/- 0.24, consistent with previous studies. This paper provides a unified approach for assessing air quality in indoor and outdoor environments.
AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Teodoro Semeraro, Riccardo Buccolieri
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Jose-Luis Santiago, Esther Rivas, Beatriz Sanchez, Riccardo Buccolieri, Antonio Esposito, Alberto Martilli, Marta G. Vivanco, Fernando Martin
Summary: This study uses computational fluid dynamics simulations to investigate the effects of different green infrastructure scenarios on urban air quality. The results show that trees in the middle of the avenue reduce street ventilation and increase traffic-related pollutant concentrations, especially for streets parallel to the wind. Trees on the sidewalks act as a barrier for pollutants emitted outside, particularly for a 45 degrees wind direction. Hedgerows have the most significant impact on air quality through deposition, while the effects of green walls and green roofs are limited to their proximity to building surfaces.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Laura Rustioni, Alessio Altomare, Gvantsa Shanshiashvili, Fabio Greco, Riccardo Buccolieri, Ileana Blanco, Gabriele Cola, Daniela Fracassetti
Summary: This research evaluates the composition of wines made with white grapes susceptible to sunburn symptoms. The canopy management of 'Verdeca' grapevines in South Italy was studied, with grapes vinified under different conditions. The quality and quantity of grapes produced were significantly affected, with smaller sunburned berries found on unshaded bunches. The winemaking process also had an impact on the resulting wines, with higher pH and extraction of phenolics observed in wines made with sunburned grapes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Antonio Esposito, Myrtille Grulois, Gianluca Pappaccogli, Olga Palusci, Antonio Donateo, Pietro Salizzoni, Jose Luis Santiago, Alberto Martilli, Giuseppe Maffeis, Riccardo Buccolieri
Summary: This paper proposes a methodology to calculate four morphological parameters of urban areas in five cities in Italy. The results show an increase in building height and plan area index from south to north. The proposed methodology can be replicated in other cities and is useful for classification and studying urban heat island effects.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Haonan Pan, Yihan Luo, Liyue Zeng, Yurong Shi, Jian Hang, Xuelin Zhang, Jiajia Hua, Bo Zhao, Zhongli Gu, Riccardo Buccolieri
Summary: This study investigates the thermal regulation of green and blue infrastructure (GBI) on different types of urban pedestrian walkways in Guangzhou. The results show that green infrastructure has the strongest cooling effect on outdoor air temperature (Ta) on cloudy evenings, while blue infrastructure exhibits the highest correlations with Ta cooling on clear afternoons. Both green and blue infrastructure have a greater cooling effect in low-rise areas compared to high-rise areas. The integrated GBI has a higher cooling intensity in high-rise areas, but slightly lower cooling potential during noon and afternoon in low-rise areas.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xin Guo, Mingjie Zhang, Zhi Gao, Jianshun Zhang, Riccardo Buccolieri
Summary: Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to study the spatial distribution of traffic-related PM2.5 in typical neighborhoods in Nanjing, China. The dispersion of pollutants was analyzed along horizontal and vertical directions, and the near-facade concentration on different floors was assessed. The study quantified the harm to residents' health caused by excessive concentration and provided insights for improving early design.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jian Hang, Xuemei Wang, Jie Liang, Xuelin Zhang, Luolin Wu, Yaxing Du, Yifei Zhang, Riccardo Buccolieri
Summary: This study investigates the impact of urban trees on O3-NOx-VOCs chemistry and pollutant dispersion in street canyons using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The results show that the aerodynamic effects of trees have a greater impact on photochemical pollutant concentrations than BVOCs emission and dry deposition. Moreover, the study reveals that the emissions from trees, vehicles, and the background contribute to O3 production. Overall, this study provides an effective tool for developing sustainable urban policies.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Antonio Donateo, Olga Palusci, Gianluca Pappaccogli, Antonio Esposito, Alberto Martilli, Jose Luis Santiago, Riccardo Buccolieri
Summary: This study examines the Urban Heat Island (UHI) in a Mediterranean city and evaluates its impact on human thermal comfort, considering heat wave effects. The UHI intensity peaked at night in the city's core and was weaker during the central hours of the day. The study highlights the importance of implementing measures to mitigate thermal discomfort, especially during high temperatures exacerbated by the UHI effect.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. L. Santiago, E. Rivas, B. Sanchez, M. G. Vivanco, M. R. Theobald, J. L. Garrido, V. Gil, R. Buccolieri, A. Martilli, A. Rodriguez-Sanchez, F. Martin
Summary: This paper aims to assess the impact of individual measures for NOx emission reduction on NO2 concentrations in an urban district of Madrid City, and analyzes the effect of electric vehicles in reducing vehicle exhaust emissions. The study found that the promotion of electric vehicles can have a certain impact on NO2 concentrations, but achieving EU limits requires stronger traffic emission reductions.
AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH
(2023)
