Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Martina Laczo, Ondrej Lerch, Lukas Martinkovic, Jana Kalinova, Hana Markova, Martin Vyhnalek, Jakub Hort, Jan Laczo
Summary: This study found that older adults with AD aMCI had poorer spatial pattern separation performance compared to non-AD aMCI and CN groups. The decreased volume of BF Ch1-2 nuclei indirectly influenced performance by reducing hippocampal and EC subregions volumes.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Christopher Gonzalez, Nicole S. Tommasi, Danielle Briggs, Michael J. Properzi, Rebecca E. Amariglio, Gad A. Marshall
Summary: This study found an association between financial capacity impairment and regional tau burden in early-stage AD patients, suggesting the potential utility of such assessments in detecting meaningful decline that may aid clinical trials of early-stage AD.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carlos G. Ardanaz, Amaia Ezkurdia, Arantza Bejarano, Beatriz Echarte, Cristian Smerdou, Eva Martisova, Ivan Martinez-Valbuena, Maria-Rosario Luquin, Maria J. Ramirez, Maite Solas
Summary: This study provides evidence that the overexpression of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) is associated with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The overactivation of JNK was observed in the entorhinal cortex (EC), which is one of the earliest affected areas in AD pathology. The results suggest that the overexpression of JNK3 in the EC influences the hippocampus (Hp), leading to cognitive dysfunction and triggering inflammatory signaling and Tau misfolding.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tammy T. Tran, Caroline L. Speck, Michela Gallagher, Arnold Bakker
Summary: The entorhinal cortex is affected by early pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease, resulting in neuronal, synaptic, and volumetric loss. Specifically, the lateral entorhinal cortex accumulates tau neurofibrillary tangles in the amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) phase. Structural and functional changes in the lateral entorhinal cortex are associated with impaired memory function in aMCI patients, while the medial entorhinal cortex appears to be less affected.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Erin E. Sundermann, Mark W. Bondi, Laura M. Campbell, Ben Gouaux, Raeanne C. Moore, Virawudh Soontornniyomkij, David J. Moore
Summary: This study aimed to distinguish aMCI from HAND in PWH using a neuropsychological method, finding a higher prevalence of high aMCI risk in the HAND group, with beta-amyloid pathology being associated with high aMCI risk, while phospho-Tau pathology did not differ by aMCI classification.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anna Pink, Janina Krell-Roesch, Jeremy A. Syrjanen, Maria Vassilaki, Val J. Lowe, Prashanthi Vemuri, Gorazd B. Stokin, Teresa J. Christianson, Walter K. Kremers, Clifford R. Jack, David S. Knopman, Ronald C. Petersen, Yonas E. Geda
Summary: This study found that cortical amyloid deposition, anxiety, and depression independently increased the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment. Additionally, anxiety modified the association between cortical amyloid deposition and incident mild cognitive impairment.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Marcos Otero-Garcia, Sameehan U. Mahajani, Debia Wakhloo, Weijing Tang, Yue-Qiang Xue, Samuel Morabito, Jie Pan, Jane Oberhauser, Angela E. Madira, Tamara Shakouri, Yongning Deng, Thomas Allison, Zihuai He, William E. Lowry, Riki Kawaguchi, Vivek Swarup, Inma Cobos
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between Tau protein aggregation in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Through high-throughput isolation and transcriptome profiling, the researchers found that NFT-bearing neurons show an upregulation of genes related to synaptic transmission, particularly genes involved in synaptic vesicle cycling. They also observed that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation vary among different cell types. Interestingly, the susceptibility to apoptosis and death is similar between NFT-bearing and NFT-free neurons.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Min Young Chun, Jongmin Lee, Jee Hyang Jeong, Jee Hoon Roh, Seung Jun Oh, Minyoung Oh, Jungsu S. Oh, Jae Seung Kim, Seung Hwan Moon, Sook-young Woo, Young Ju Kim, Yeong Sim Choe, Hee Jin Kim, Duk L. Na, Hyemin Jang, Sang Won Seo
Summary: This study suggests that increased 18F-THK5351 uptake may be a useful predictor of cognitive decline among AB- aMCI patients. The patients in the 18F-THK5351-positive group were older and had a faster rate of deterioration in clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes (CDR-SOB) scores.
YONSEI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pietro Scaduto, Julie C. Lauterborn, Conor D. Cox, Anna Fracassi, Tommaso Zeppillo, Berenice A. Gutierrez, C. Dirk Keene, Paul K. Crane, Shubhabrata Mukherjee, William K. Russell, Giulio Taglialatela, Agenor Limon
Summary: Individuals at different stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit abnormal electroencephalographic activity, which is linked to network hyperexcitability and cognitive decline. This study investigates whether pro-excitatory changes at the synaptic level occur in brain areas affected early in AD, and if they are present in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The findings suggest that early shifts in the excitatory to inhibitory balance contribute to cognitive impairment in AD continuum.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Mayun Chen, Chaoming Hu, Haoru Dong, Hanhan Yan, Peiliang Wu
Summary: Among older people with MCI, smokers showed faster decline in functional performance and entorhinal cortex volume. However, smoking history was not associated with changes in CSF Aβ42, t-τ, or p-τ levels in MCI subjects.
Article
Neurosciences
Qianqian Li, Junkai Wang, Jianghong Liu, Yumeng Wang, Kuncheng Li
Summary: Multiple studies using magnetic resonance imaging have shown the entorhinal cortex (ERC) as a key brain region in the pathologic changes associated with Alzheimer's disease, with potential as a biomarker for diagnosis and classification of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Combining measures of ERC thickness and volume can be more effective in discriminating between healthy controls, individuals with MCI, and those with AD compared to using ERC thickness alone.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Anjanet Loon, Frank Zamudio, Awa Sanneh, Breanna Brown, Shayna Smeltzer, Milene L. Brownlow, Zainuddin Quadri, Melinda Peters, Edwin Weeber, Kevin Nash, Daniel C. Lee, Marcia N. Gordon, Dave Morgan, Maj-Linda B. Selenica
Summary: The study demonstrates that overexpression of increment D421-tau protein in middle-aged mice leads to more severe cognitive impairments and neuronal loss compared to overexpression of FL-tau protein. Additionally, the increment D421-tau protein induces a distinct phosphorylation profile and increased tau oligomerization, suggesting its potential role in tau-associated pathologies.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pavel Katsel, Peter Fam, Weilun Tan, Sonia Khan, Miguel Gama-Sosa, Rita De Gasperi, Panos Roussos, Ari Robinson, Itzik Cooper, Michal Schnaider-Beeri, Vahram Haroutunian
Summary: The study found that subsets of vascular genes related to early response to hypoxia were upregulated in MCI patients before the accumulation of AD neuropathology, suggesting that cerebrovascular remodeling is an important antecedent to the development of dementia and a component of the homeostatic response to reduced oxygen tension in aging prior to the onset of AD. The early activation of pro-angiogenic hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in response to mild hypoxia was also detected in mouse brains similar to those that were altered in MCI. Protracted responses to hypoxia were characterized by activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt)-the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in brain microvessel isolates.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lauren Lawson, Riona Mc Ardle, Sarah Wilson, Emily Beswick, Radin Karimi, Sarah P. Slight
Summary: This review aimed to identify the digital methods and metrics used to assess IADL-related behaviors in people with MCI and report any statistically significant differences in digital endpoints between MCI and normal aging and how these digital endpoints change over time. Ambient technology was the most commonly used digital method to assess IADL-related behaviors in the included studies, with passive infrared motion sensors and contact sensors being the most prevalent types. However, there were inconsistent findings around differences in digital IADL endpoints across the cognitive spectrum, with limited longitudinal assessment of how they changed over time.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Giulia Arenare, Riccardo Manca, Paolo Caffarra, Annalena Venneri
Summary: This study investigated the association between the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers (Aβ, p-tau, and HR) in order to characterize MCI patients with a poor prognosis. The results showed that only MCI patients with severe NPS had a lower hippocampal volume ratio (HR), indicating more pronounced medio-temporal atrophy. Future longitudinal studies are needed to further understand the relevance of this finding.