Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tingzhou Yang, Dan Luo, Aiping Yu, Zhongwei Chen
Summary: The rapid spread of electric vehicles with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) poses significant challenges and environmental risks for recyclers in managing waste and after scrap. Closed-loop recycling plays a crucial role in sustaining battery development and mitigating raw material shortages and supply chain risks. This article outlines and evaluates current methods for direct cathode regeneration in industrialized recycling, summarizes different regeneration methods for spent cathode materials, providing a new perspective for closed-loop recycling of LIBs. A proposed reference recycling route for retrofitting existing cathode production lines minimizes costs. In addition to promoting the industrialization of direct cathode recycling, the article also emphasizes the environmental, economic, and political benefits of battery recycling.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gui Hu Wenzhu Liao, Xuan Luo
Summary: This paper focuses on the reverse logistics issue of waste electric vehicle batteries (WEVBs). From the perspective of circular economy and environmental protection, a multi-participants-based reverse logistics network is designed, and a fuzzy optimization model is proposed to determine the number and location of facilities in the network, aiming to achieve cost reduction, profit increasement and efficiency improvement.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Joseph Jegan Roy, Ernest Jun Jie Tang, Minh Phuong Do, Bin Cao, Madhavi Srinivasan
Summary: Research on recycling electrode materials, particularly anode graphite, from spent lithium-ion batteries has gained attention due to economic benefits and environmental concerns. This study successfully recycled anode graphite from bioleaching residue, achieving a purity of 99.78% and demonstrating excellent electrochemical performance.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Business
Jiumei Chen, Wen Zhang, Bengang Gong, Xiaoqi Zhang, Hongping Li
Summary: This paper investigates how to design subsidy policies to promote the recycling of retired power batteries of electric vehicles. Game models are constructed to compare three policies: no subsidy, subsidy for endurance level, and one time quota subsidy. The results show that subsidies are more beneficial, and the two subsidy policies are suitable for different situations.
TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Junxiong Wang, Zheng Liang, Yun Zhao, Jinzhi Sheng, Jun Ma, Kai Jia, Baohua Li, Guangmin Zhou, Hui-Ming Cheng
Summary: Traditional battery recycling processes cause environmental damage, while this research proposes a green and closed-loop strategy for recycling spent cathodes and successfully converts degraded LiCoO2 into high-voltage LiCoO2 cathode materials.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Chuan Zhang, Yu-Xiao Chen, Yu-Xin Tian
Summary: With the increasing number of end-of-life electric vehicle power batteries, their effective collection and recycling has become a pressing issue. This study proposes three recycling scenarios and obtains the equilibrium outcomes by solving a Stackelberg game. The results show that the optimal low-carbon level, EV market return rate, and profits of all members are negatively correlated with the initial carbon emission. The co-collection model is optimal when the collection competition coefficient is small, while a single-channel collection model should be selected when the competition is above a threshold.
COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yixiao Li
Summary: This study utilizes metal sulfide MoS2 as catalysts in lithium-sulfur batteries, improving their capacity and cycling performance. The presence of metal sulfide accelerates the conversion of polysulfides and enhances electronic conductivity.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
HuiXiang Zhou, ZhongYan Luo, Shuai Wang, Xin Ma, Zhanfang Cao
Summary: An innovative process of iron-lithium separation and cathode materials regeneration from used LiFePO4 batteries is proposed, which promotes sustainable development and environmental protection.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kai Meng, Guiyin Xu, Xianghui Peng, Kamal Youcef-Toumi, Ju Li
Summary: This study aims to enhance intelligent disassembly of retired electric-vehicle lithium-ion battery (EV-LIB) packs through the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning. The research shows that AI can effectively address uncertainties and safety concerns in the disassembly process, and identifies future research opportunities.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rui Gong, Chenchen Li, Qi Meng, Peng Dong, Yingjie Zhang, Bao Zhang, Jin Yan, Yong Li
Summary: A sustainable closed-loop method for recovering waste lithium iron phosphate batteries is developed. Li+ is selectively leached from cathode materials and used to synthesize LiFePO4 materials. The regenerated LiFePO4 materials show good electrochemical properties.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yingying Qi, Mengyuan Wang, Lu Yuan, Xiangping Chen
Summary: A phosphate chemistry based process is proposed for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This process selectively leaches Li and directly precipitates transition metals using H3PO4 as both leachant and precipitant. The recovered Li can be further transformed into struvite and Li2CO3, while the transition metals can be converted into insoluble phosphates, showing great potential for closed-loop recycling of valuable metals.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Yang Hua, Xinhua Liu, Sida Zhou, Yi Huang, Heping Ling, Shichun Yang
Summary: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely integrated in renewable resources and electric vehicles due to their advantages. Reuse of EV LIBs holds great potential but faces challenges such as economic, technical, and regulatory issues. Improvements in standardization, big data, and cloud-based technologies are needed for the industrialization of reuse and recycling.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiaping Hu, Wei Yan, Xumei Zhang, Zhaohui Feng, Yan Wang, Baosheng Ying, Hua Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the recycling and reuse of electric vehicle batteries (EVBs), which are crucial for reducing environmental pollution and promoting resource utilization. The study analyzes three strategies for dealing with used batteries and proposes a recycling network model that minimizes total cost and carbon emissions. The model is applied to a Chinese company and validated using a greedy algorithm. The results show that logistics costs and operating costs account for the majority of the recycling network total expense, highlighting the importance of reducing these costs to lower EVB recycling expenses.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tao Feng, Wei Guo, Qian Li, Zhenghua Meng, Weicheng Liang
Summary: Promoting electric vehicle use is crucial for sustainable development, but the power batteries used in these vehicles present resource and environmental challenges. This study focuses on the two most common battery types used in the Chinese market, and through life cycle assessment, finds that while lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) batteries have higher energy efficiency during use, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries have better overall environmental performance. Battery recycling is identified as an effective means to reduce resource and environmental impact and achieve sustainable development.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Junjian Zhou, Shen Wang, Xinyu Wang, Chengyu Zhang, Zhengguo Gu, Tong Zhou, Zhiye Yuan, Ting Long, Jiang Yin, Yahui Yang, Lishan Yang
Summary: ZnxMn2O4/carbon, recycled from spent alkaline batteries, was used as a cathode material in aqueous zinc batteries, demonstrating excellent specific capacity and cycling stability.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Modi Jiang, Qingchen Shen, Jingyi Zhang, Shun An, Shuai Ma, Peng Tao, Chengyi Song, Benwei Fu, Jun Wang, Tao Deng, Wen Shang
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Panawan Vanaphuti, Yangtao Liu, Xiaotu Ma, Jinzhao Fu, Yulin Lin, Jianguo Wen, Zhenzhen Yang, Yan Wang
Summary: The study successfully integrated Na/F co-doping and AlF3 coating on LMR cathode materials to enhance their electrochemical performance and ionic conductivity, while alleviating structural degradation and metal dissolution issues. This represents a new strategy to improve structural homogeneity and moves closer to commercial viability.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yangtao Liu, Ruihan Zhang, Jun Wang, Yan Wang
Summary: Lithium-ion batteries have seen rapid growth in their application fields and market share in modern society, with significant achievements in material research. However, there is a lag in research on manufacturing processes, leading to hidden issues in production.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaotu Ma, Panawan Vanaphuti, Jinzhao Fu, Jiahui Hou, Yangtao Liu, Ruihan Zhang, Sungyool Bong, Zeyi Yao, Zhenzhen Yang, Yan Wang
Summary: NMC cathode materials are popular for their high energy density and low cost, but concerns over stability and safety have limited their practical applications. By using a universal etching approach to synthesize single-crystal cathode materials, researchers have found significant improvements in rate performance and capacity retention compared to polycrystalline cathode materials. This alternative approach offers potential for high energy density and cycle stability in the next generation of lithium-ion batteries.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ruihan Zhang, Yadong Zheng, Panawan Vanaphuti, Yangtao Liu, Jinzhao Fu, Zeyi Yao, Xiaotu Ma, Mengyuan Chen, Zhenzhen Yang, Yulin Lin, Jianguo Wen, Yan Wang
Summary: The study demonstrates that iron impurities with different valence states and concentrations have varying effects on the obtained LIBs cathodes, with Fe3+ impurities leading to decreased performance and Fe2+ impurities potentially improving the electrochemical properties. The valence and concentration of iron impurities should be carefully considered and controlled during the recycling process design for spent LIBs.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaotu Ma, Luqman Azhari, Yan Wang
Summary: Given the increasing electrification of vehicles and the mass generation of spent lithium-ion batteries, recycling of LIBs is crucial. However, industrial-level recycling is challenging due to various factors that make large-scale recycling difficult while maintaining economic viability. Addressing these challenges and providing guidance towards solutions and future work is essential.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaotu Ma, Mengyuan Chen, Zhangfeng Zheng, Dennis Bullen, Jun Wang, Chloe Harrison, Eric Gratz, Yulin Lin, Zhenzhen Yang, Youtian Zhang, Fan Wang, David Robertson, Seoung-Bum Son, Ira Bloom, Jianguo Wen, Mingyuan Ge, Xianghui Xiao, Wah-Keat Lee, Ming Tang, Qiang Wang, Jinzhao Fu, Yubin Zhang, Bryer C. Sousa, Renata Arsenault, Peter Karlson, Nakia Simon, Yan Wang
Summary: Recycled LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 demonstrates superior rate and cycle performance, outperforming commercial materials and providing a green and sustainable solution for spent lithium-ion batteries.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Panawan Vanaphuti, Zeyi Yao, Yangtao Liu, Yulin Lin, Jianguo Wen, Zhenzhen Yang, Zimin Feng, Xiaotu Ma, Anna C. Zauha, Yan Wang, Yan Wang
Summary: P2-type sodium-manganese-based layered cathodes show potential for replacing Li-ion batteries in certain applications. A cobalt-free P2-Na0.72Mn0.75Li0.24X0.01O2 (X = Ti/Si) cathode with high sustainability is developed, which exhibits outstanding capacity and voltage retention. The presence of Ti acts as a protective layer to alleviate side reactions, while Si regulates the local electronic structure and suppresses oxygen redox activities. The cathode also shows superior cycle performance and inhibits microcracking and planar gliding within the particles, making it a promising candidate for high-performance low-cost sodium-ion batteries.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaotu Ma, Jiahui Hou, Panawan Vanaphuti, Zeyi Yao, Jinzhao Fu, Luqman Azhari, Yangtao Liu, Yan Wang
Summary: A new direct upcycling process is proposed, which converts spent polycrystalline Ni-lean cathodes into single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes using a one-step molten salt method. This method can be applied to mixed cathode streams without additional sorting and separating steps. The obtained upcycled cathode materials exhibit improved capacity and stability, demonstrating a pathway towards the sustainable development of LIBs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinzhao Fu, Songge Yang, Jiahui Hou, Luqman Azhari, Zeyi Yao, Xiaotu Ma, Yangtao Liu, Panawan Vanaphuti, Zifei Meng, Zhenzhen Yang, Yu Zhong, Yan Wang
Summary: All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLBs) are considered crucial for future energy storage due to their high energy density and exceptional safety. However, current solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), such as oxides and sulfides, suffer from limited ionic conductivity or chemical stability. In contrast, halide-based SSEs show promise as they possess high conductivity, stability, and compatibility with cathode materials. This research utilizes computational simulations and experimental verification to identify zirconium as a suitable dopant for Li3InCl6, resulting in the highest reported ionic conductivity among halide SSEs at 5.82 x 10(-3) S cm(-1) at room temperature. The synthesized Li2.75In0.75Zr0.25Cl6 is then used in an ASSLB, which exhibits a high initial capacity of 129.3 mAh center dot g(-1). Overall, this work showcases an effective approach for the development of halide SSEs with improved stability and conductivity through the integration of computational modeling and experimental validation.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yangtao Liu, Xiangtao Gong, Chinmoy Podder, Fan Wang, Zeyuan Li, Jianzhao Liu, Jinzhao Fu, Xiaotu Ma, Panawan Vanaphuti, Rui Wang, Andrew Hitt, Yavuz Savsatli, Zhenzhen Yang, Mingyuan Ge, Wah-Keat Lee, Bryan Yonemoto, Ming Tang, Heng Pan, Yan Wang
Summary: In response to the demand for LIBs, a solvent-free manufacturing technology is demonstrated to avoid toxic organic solvents and improve electrode structures. The dry-printed (DP) electrodes have lower tortuosity, allowing for better rate performance and higher capacity retention compared to slurry cast (SL) electrodes. The coating layer on active materials in DP cells prevents side reactions and prolongs cycle life. This roll-to-roll manufacturing process has immense potential for scalable and efficient battery production.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zifei Meng, Xiaotu Ma, Luqman Azhari, Jiahui Hou, Yan Wang
Summary: This review focuses on the relationship between the morphology of ternary layered oxide cathode materials and their electrochemical performance. The effects of morphology on Li-ion diffusion and stability are summarized. The recent advances in the development of cathode materials with different morphologies are also discussed, along with future perspectives for the design of cathode materials with optimized morphologies to promote their commercialization and fundamental research.
COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiahui Hou, Xiaotu Ma, Jinzhao Fu, Panawan Vanaphuti, Zeyi Yao, Yangtao Liu, Zhenzhen Yang, Yan Wang
Summary: This research presents a sustainable lithium recovery process that efficiently recovers lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries and separates it from other valuable metals. Compared to conventional hydrometallurgical processes, this method is more cost-effective.
Article
Electrochemistry
Panawan Vanaphuti, Luqman Azhari, Xiaotu Ma, Yangtao Liu, Jiahui Hou, Geoffrey A. Tompsett, Zhenzhen Yang, Yan Wang
Summary: Dual surface modification with formic acid washing and spinel coating improves the electrochemical performance and cycling stability of Li, Mn-rich cathode materials (LMR). Higher temperature can degrade the performance by removing the spinel coating. This study provides an alternative strategy to overcome the shortcomings of LMR cathode materials.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zeyi Yao, Jinzhao Fu, Yangtao Liu, Jiahui Hou, Panawan Vanaphuti, Xiaotu Ma, Ruihan Zhang, Zhenzhen Yang, Yan Wang
Summary: By utilizing TFBQ as an additive, a F-rich interface layer is formed on the Li metal surface, providing a powerful self-healing ability. The research achieves impressive full cell performance, showing potential for enhancing Li metal protection and battery stability.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2021)
