Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Marius Arthun, Robert C. J. Wills, Helen L. Johnson, Leon Chafik, Helene R. Langehaug
Summary: This study isolates the mechanisms driving North Atlantic SST variability on decadal time scales and identifies a dominant 13-18 year decadal mode of atmosphere-ocean variability in the region. Large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies drive SST anomalies through air-sea heat fluxes and delayed ocean circulation changes, consistent with westward propagation of baroclinic Rossby waves.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Tadea Veng, Ole B. Andersen
Summary: This study extends the analysis of global mean sea level changes by including independent data from ESA missions, providing a more comprehensive and accurate understanding compared to previous studies using TPJ data. The results show similar patterns of sea level acceleration across the global ocean between ESA and TPJ datasets.
ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yongjun Jia, Kailin Xiao, Mingsen Lin, Xi Zhang
Summary: This study uses satellite data to examine changes in global sea level from 2002 to 2020. The results show that the global sea level is rising at an average rate of 3.3 mm per year, with 62.7% of the rise attributed to water volume increase.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jianjun Yin
Summary: Sea level rise (SLR) exhibits significant spatiotemporal variability, and understanding its characteristics and mechanisms is crucial for future projections and coastal preparedness. Analysis of observational and modeling data in the North Atlantic reveals a rapid acceleration of SLR along the U.S. East Coast and Gulf of Mexico during 2010-22, particularly on the Southeast and Gulf Coasts. This acceleration is attributed to the slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and is characterized by contrasting changes in dynamic sea level between the Eastern Subpolar Gyre and the U.S. Southeast and Gulf Coasts. Climate models suggest that greenhouse gas forcing will further modify this pattern in the twenty-first century, leading to faster SLR and increased coastal flooding, as observed in recent years.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Luciana Fenoglio, Salvatore Dinardo, Bernd Uebbing, Christopher Buchhaupt, Matthias Gaertner, Joanna Staneva, Matthias Becker, Anna Klos, Juergen Kusche
Summary: This study analyzes the impact of new altimeter missions equipped with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode on coastal sea level variability. The results show that SAR altimetry can recover sea level heights with 4 cm accuracy up to 3 km from the coast, and the accuracy does not decrease with distance.
ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Denis L. Volkov, Claudia Schmid, Leah Chomiak, Cyril Germineaud, Shenfu Dong, Marlos Goes
Summary: The gyre-scale, dynamic sea surface height variability is important for ocean circulation, weather, climate, sea level, and ecosystems. A study shows that the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode explains most of the interannual SSH variance in the Labrador and Irminger Sea, while the second EOF mode is more influential in the northeastern part of the subpolar North Atlantic. These two modes evolve together as a quadrature pair associated with the propagation of SSH anomalies from the eastern to the western subpolar North Atlantic.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Qinxue Gu, Melissa Gervais
Summary: Decadal climate prediction can provide valuable information for decision-making, and this study explores using self-organizing maps (SOMs) to identify decadal climate variability and conduct predictions. The study found that the North Atlantic has higher predictability at longer lead times than the North Pacific in terms of sea surface temperature patterns.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Oliver J. Tooth, Helen L. Johnson, Chris Wilson
Summary: The strength of the AMOC at subpolar latitudes is dominated by water mass transformation in the eastern SPNA. However, the distribution of this overturning across the individual circulation pathways of both the SPG and the Nordic seas overflows is poorly understood. Water mass transformation along the pathways of the eastern SPG accounts for 55% of the mean strength of the eastern subpolar AMOC.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Zhen Lv, Jun-Chao Yang, Xiaopei Lin, Yu Zhang
Summary: This study suggests that the North Atlantic forcing plays a more significant role than the tropical Pacific forcing in the decadal prediction of sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the North Pacific. By removing the North Atlantic forcing, the prediction skill of NP SST decreases, indicating its strong contribution to the long-term prediction. The research emphasizes the need for improving the simulation of the Atlantic trans-basin effect for better predicting NP climate.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
D. S. Dukhovskoy, I. Yashayaev, E. P. Chassignet, P. G. Myers, G. Platov, A. Proshutinsky
Summary: The impact of increasing Greenland freshwater discharge on the subpolar North Atlantic requires decades to adjust, with long-lasting freshwater discharge leading to a non-steady-state response in the region.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marcello Passaro, Felix L. Mueller, Julius Oelsmann, Laura Rautiainen, Denise Dettmering, Michael G. Hart-Davis, Adili Abulaitijiang, Ole B. Andersen, Jacob L. Hoyer, Kristine S. Madsen, Ida Margrethe Ringgaard, Jani Saerkkae, Rory Scarrott, Christian Schwatke, Florian Seitz, Laura Tuomi, Marco Restano, Jerome Benveniste
Summary: This study analyzes the absolute sea level trend in the Baltic Sea from May 1995 to May 2019 using satellite altimetry data and assesses the impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation and wind patterns on sea level trends and variability. The results show a statistically significant rise in sea level across the entire study region, with a higher increase in winter compared to summer, and differences in sea level rise gradient between different sub-basins. The study highlights the utility of enhanced satellite altimetry products for local sea level studies in regions with complex coastlines or sea-ice coverage.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wen-Hau Lan, Chung-Yen Kuo, Li-Ching Lin, Huan-Chin Kao
Summary: This study analyzed long-term tide gauge records in the North Pacific using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), revealing varying coastal sea level annual amplitudes and a decreasing trend in the west coast of the South China Sea. The decreasing trend is consistent with the annual mean wind stress associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO).
Article
Environmental Sciences
Armin Agha Karimi, Khosro Ghobadi-Far, Marcello Passaro
Summary: This study investigates sea level variations in the Baltic Sea using satellite altimetry, satellite gravimetry, and in-situ subsurface measurements. The study finds that barystatic and steric components are the main contributors to sea level variations, and further decomposes the sea level into seasonal, interannual, and decadal components. The study also examines the water exchange patterns in the North Sea.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lequan Chi, Christopher L. P. Wolfe, Sultan Hameed
Summary: The study investigates the relationship between Gulf Stream transport and coastal sea level. The results indicate that Gulf Stream transport quickly loses correlation along its path, suggesting that the transport at a specific location does not represent the overall strength of the Gulf Stream. South of Cape Hatteras, Gulf Stream transport is significantly correlated with coastal sea level in the South Atlantic Bight. However, north of Cape Hatteras, the sea level changes associated with Gulf Stream transport decay rapidly away from the Gulf Stream and become negligible approximately 300 km northwest of the Gulf Stream axis. In this region, the correlations between Gulf Stream transport and sea level are primarily found in the deep ocean and rarely on the shelf, suggesting that coastal sea level is unlikely to be driven by geostrophic adjustment to changes in Gulf Stream transport.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Helene Asbjornsen, Helen L. Johnson, Marius Arthun
Summary: The study shows that the inflow across the Iceland-Scotland Ridge impacts the heat supply to the Nordic seas from the subpolar North Atlantic and influences marine ecosystems and sea ice extent further north. The inflow primarily originates from the subtropics and the Arctic, with its properties and volume transport being affected by atmospheric circulation anomalies and shifts in ocean currents. Gyre dynamics and wind forcing play a crucial role in determining the inflow properties and volume transport in the Nordic seas.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sonke Dangendorf, Thomas Frederikse, Leon Chafik, John M. Klinck, Tal Ezer, Benjamin D. Hamlington
Summary: Research on historical and projected coastal sea-level change reveals that ocean dynamics, including density fluctuations, have a significant impact. By analyzing global tide-gauge records, a reconstruction of coastal sea-level budget over nine regions is possible, indicating that ocean circulation has been a dominant factor in sea-level variability since 1960.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Leon Chafik, N. Penny Holliday
Summary: Mooring observations in the Subpolar North Atlantic have shown a significant freshening of the Iceland Scotland overflow waters, which is not related to the Nordic Seas. This freshening is caused by the largest upper-ocean freshening event in 120 years, rapidly communicated through entrainment with the Iceland Scotland Overflow Waters. This extreme freshening event helps us understand the strength, variability, and sensitivity to climate change of the overturning circulation.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Arunraj Kondetharayil Soman, Leon Chafik, Johan Nilsson
Summary: The study investigates the variability of coherent Anticyclonic Eddies (AEs) in the Iceland Basin using satellite altimetry and two ocean eddy tracking algorithms. The results show a decadal variability in the number of AEs, which is related to changes in ocean heat content and the position of the subpolar front. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the amount of subtropical versus subpolar water masses reaching the Iceland Basin influences the generation of AEs.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
L. Chafik, N. P. Holliday, S. Bacon, T. Rossby
Summary: The study focuses on changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at higher latitudes, particularly in the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA), and identifies distinct density and sea-surface height characteristics of AMOC in the Irminger Sea. The reconstruction of AMOC variability in the Irminger Sea shows strong control by the North Atlantic Oscillation on subpolar overturning on multiple timescales, achieved via gyre circulation and waters from the Labrador Sea. Furthermore, the observed decrease in Irminger Sea density since the mid-twentieth century suggests a long-term weakening of AMOC, although this trend is currently statistically insignificant due to large interannual and decadal variability in the subpolar North Atlantic.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Alexandre Supply, Jacqueline Boutin, Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, Gilles Reverdin, Camille Lique, Jean-Luc Vergely, Xavier Perrot
Summary: This study investigates the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas in the Arctic Ocean and demonstrates the ability of satellite sea surface salinity (SSS) to capture SSS freshening induced by sea ice melt. The study analyzes the spatial variability of sea surface properties after the sea ice edge retreat and highlights the impact of meltwater lenses on air-sea momentum transfer. The findings show the importance of using satellite measurements to understand changes in the Arctic's role in climate change.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marius Arthun, Helene Asbjornsen, Leon Chafik, Helen L. Johnson, Kjetil Vage
Summary: Contrary to the North Atlantic, the overturning circulation in the Nordic Seas is projected to increase throughout most of the 21st century, according to global climate models. The increased circulation is attributed to enhanced horizontal circulation and a strengthened zonal density gradient. This could potentially stabilize the future Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC).
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
L. Chafik, J. Nilsson, T. Rossby, A. Kondetharayil Soman
Summary: By employing a high-resolution ocean reanalysis model, this study reveals that the Faroe-Shetland Channel Jet is a permanent feature with strong transport covariability to the observed FBC overflow on seasonal time scales. On interannual time scales, it is influenced by wind-forced circulation in the Nordic Seas. The study also suggests that the structure of the deep jet is consistent with a geostrophic dynamical model.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Oceanography
Lisa M. Beal, Leon Chafik, Sarah Fawcett, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Chellappan Gnanaseelan, Nathalie F. Goodkin, Yuanlong Li, Ryan P. Mulligan, Takeyoshi Nagai, Joanne (Joe) O'Callaghan, Hannah E. Power, Karina von Schuckmann, Christopher Sherwood, Arvind Singh, Lars Umlauf, Anna Wahlin, Fanghua Xu, Lei Zhou
Summary: In 2022, 1528 reviewers provided 2647 reviews for JGR-Oceans manuscripts, ensuring their high quality and integrity. The editors express gratitude to the peer reviewers of 2022. New editorial practices have reduced pressure on reviewers, and the introduction of a co-reviewer tool has facilitated collaboration with students and postdocs.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leon Chafik, N. Penny Holliday, Sheldon Bacon, Jonathan A. Baker, Damien Desbruyeres, Eleanor Frajka-Williams, Laura C. Jackson
Summary: The overturning circulation of the subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) is crucial for Earth's climate variability and change. Based on observations, the recent warming in the eastern SPNA since 2016 is primarily caused by increased western boundary density at the intergyre boundary, which is likely a response to the strong increase in the North Atlantic Oscillation since the early 2010s. These positive density anomalies spread southward along the western boundary, enhancing the North Atlantic Current and meridional heat transport, leading to an increased influx of subtropical heat into the eastern SPNA.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Pierre L'Hegaret, Florian Schuette, Sabrina Speich, Gilles Reverdin, Dariusz B. Baranowski, Rena Czeschel, Tim Fischer, Gregory R. Foltz, Karen J. Heywood, Gerd Krahmann, Remi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Philippe Le Bot, Stephane Leizour, Callum Rollo, Michael Schlundt, Elizabeth Siddle, Corentin Subirade, Dongxiao Zhang, Johannes Karstensen
Summary: The EUREC4A-OA/ATOMIC experiment aimed to study the dynamic processes and interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere in the northwestern Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Multiple devices and platforms were used to gather data, which were calibrated and validated for consistency.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Adriana Bailey, Franziska Aemisegger, Leonie Villiger, Sebastian A. Los, Gilles Reverdin, Estefania Quinones Melendez, Claudia Acquistapace, Dariusz B. Baranowski, Tobias Bock, Sandrine Bony, Tobias Bordsdorff, Derek Coffman, Simon P. de Szoeke, Christopher J. Diekmann, Marina Duetsch, Benjamin Ertl, Joseph Galewsky, Dean Henze, Przemyslaw Makuch, David Noone, Patricia K. Quinn, Michael Roesch, Andreas Schneider, Matthias Schneider, Sabrina Speich, Bjorn Stevens, Elizabeth J. Thompson
Summary: This paper describes the EUREC(4)A isotopic in situ data collection and guides readers to complementary remotely sensed water vapor isotope ratios. All the field data have been publicly available, even with known biases, to promote dialogue around improving water isotope measurement strategies for the future. The high-quality data create unprecedented opportunities to close water isotopic budgets and evaluate water fluxes and their influence on cloudiness in the trade-wind environment.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gilles Reverdin, Claire Waelbroeck, Catherine Pierre, Camille Akhoudas, Giovanni Aloisi, Marion Benetti, Bernard Bourles, Magnus Danielsen, Jerome Demange, Denis Diverres, Jean-Claude Gascard, Marie-Noelle Houssais, Herve Le Goff, Pascale Lherminier, Claire Lo Monaco, Herle Mercier, Nicolas Metzl, Simon Morisset, Aicha Naamar, Thierry Reynaud, Jean-Baptiste Sallee, Virginie Thierry, Susan E. Hartman, Edward W. Mawji, Solveig Olafsdottir, Torsten Kanzow, Anton Velo, Antje Voelker, Igor Yashayaev, F. Alexander Haumann, Melanie J. Leng, Carol Arrowsmith, Michael Meredith
Summary: The characteristics and uncertainties of the CISE-LOCEAN seawater isotope dataset (delta O-18, delta H-2, referred to as delta D) are presented in this article. The dataset covers a wide timespan from 1998 to 2021 and includes a large number of data entries. The analysis methods and sources of uncertainties are discussed, including instrumental uncertainty and the isotopic composition of in-house standards. The importance of sample conservation and the need for caution when merging datasets from different laboratories are also highlighted.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fabio Mangini, Leon Chafik, Antonio Bonaduce, Laurent Bertino, Jan Even O. Nilsen
Summary: This paper investigates the sea-level variability along the coast of Norway using in situ records, satellite altimetry data, and a network of hydrographic stations. The study evaluates the performance of coastal altimetry data and assesses the steric contribution to sea-level trends. The research finds that using coastal altimetry data improves the agreement with tide gauges for trends and that both temperature and salinity contribute to sea-level variability.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fabio Mangini, Leon Chafik, Erica Madonna, Camille Li, Laurent Bertino, Jan Even Oie Nilsen
Summary: Wintertime sea level variability over the northern European continental shelf is largely wind-driven, with jet cluster patterns providing valuable insights into the atmospheric variability and sea level anomaly patterns in the region.
TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)