Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xing Ma, Marti Z. Hua, Chao Ji, Jing Zhang, Rui Shi, Yabing Xiao, Xiaojing Liu, Xiahong He, Wenjie Zheng, Xiaonan Lu
Summary: This study presents a high-sensitivity X-ray fluorescence method for rapid and low-cost detection of arsenic, lead, and cadmium residues in herbal medicines. The method offers fast and accurate analysis, improving the efficiency of heavy metal contamination monitoring in herbal medicines.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Varun Bali, Yugal Khajuria, Jitendra Sharma, Pradeep K. Rai, M. A. Gondal, Upendra Kumar, Vivek K. Singh
Summary: This review article presents detailed spectroscopic investigations using SEM-EDS technique on the morphological and chemical compositional analysis of gallstones and kidney stones. The paper also discusses the fundamental principles of SEM techniques and the relatively new advanced use of SEM-EDS in gastroenterology and nephrology.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
T. F. Ediagbonya, S. Ajayi
Summary: This study examined the contamination level of elements in soil through enrichment factor and contamination factor/pollution index, identifying high concentrations of elements like iron, manganese, and zinc. The overall risk index in all locations was found to be above the edge.
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sharmin Sultana, Husne Ara Khatun, Muhiuddin Faruquee, Md Mizan Ul Islam, Hosna Jannat Tonny, Rafiqul Islam
Summary: The reliability of handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was compared with that of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for determining zinc (Zn) concentration in rice. The results showed a high positive relationship between the two methods, demonstrating that XRF has the potential to be a reliable and low-cost alternative for determining Zn content in rice.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Om Prakash Kumar, P. Gopinathan, Amiya S. Naik, T. Subramani, Prakash K. Singh, Anupam Sharma, Sudip Maity, Sujan Saha
Summary: This study investigated the mineralogical and elemental distribution in thirty lignite samples from the Barmer Basin using advanced techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The research revealed the presence of various minerals and elements in the lignite ash, with iron oxide, sulphur oxide, calcium oxide, and quartz being the most abundant. Trace amounts of toxic oxides were also detected, which can have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Additionally, different concentrations of rare earth elements were observed between the Giral and Sonari mines.
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Frank Foerste, Leona Bauer, Korbinian Heimler, Bastian Hansel, Carla Vogt, Birgit Kanngiesser, Ioanna Mantouvalou
Summary: Confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is a technique that can be used for elemental imaging with 3D resolution using laboratory spectrometers. Quantification techniques are important for interpreting data and reconstructing sample composition and geometry. This article presents an analytical routine for the quantitative investigation of 3D data sets obtained with laboratory spectrometers.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Vijay Kumar Garg, Ankush Tanta, Arun Lal Srivastav, M. K. Tiwari, Ajay Sharma, Varinder Singh Kanwar
Summary: Pollutants released from pharmaceutical, steel, paper, and battery industries into water cause irreparable damage to the biotic system by entering the natural ecosystems and human food chain. Monitoring and determining heavy metal levels in water are crucial for human beings. In this study, TXRF spectrometry technique was used to assess the contaminant levels in water samples from an industrial area. The elemental concentrations were compared to the guidelines from WHO and BIS, and water quality parameters were assessed. The results showed that some water samples were unfit for drinking with high levels of lead and other heavy metals.
WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fang Li, Xiaofeng Zhang, Anxiang Lu, Li Xu, Dong Ren, Tianyan You
Summary: This study analyzed 80 soil samples using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) under indoor conditions and compared different preprocessing and quantitative analysis methods for accuracy. The results showed that proper spectral preprocessing methods can effectively improve the prediction performance of the models.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tsugufumi Matsuyama, Yudai Tanaka, Masanori Nakae, Takumi Furusato, Kouichi Tsuji
Summary: This study proposes a new film-like-residue preparation process based on the freeze-drying method to improve the accuracy of Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis. The quantitative values and minimum detection limits of the residue prepared using freeze-drying method show improvement due to the weakened absorption effect. This method is significant for accurate TXRF analysis of high-elemental concentration solutions and can be applied to trace element analysis in different types of solutions such as environmental water and wastewater.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Sultan Aitekenov, Abduzhappar Gaipov, Rostislav Bukasov
Summary: Patients with high protein concentration in urine are prone to various kidney diseases, known as proteinuria, and urinary protein biomarkers play a vital role in diagnosing a range of health conditions. Different techniques provide unique information on urine constituents, with mass spectrometry being a powerful tool for biomarker discovery and analysis, despite its high costs.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yves Kayser, Janos Osan, Philipp Hoenicke, Burkhard Beckhoff
Summary: Understanding the distribution and composition of PM in air is crucial for identifying sources and studying environmental impacts. TXRF has sensitivity in element-sensitive investigation, but linear calibration limits must be considered for accurate quantification.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Naima Hidouri, Rim Missaoui, Abdrraouf Jraba, Balal Yousaf, Noomene Sleimi, Younes Hamed
Summary: Large quantities of phosphogypsum from Tunisian industrial waste have a negative impact on the hydrographic network and pose a risk to soil contamination and human health due to toxicity in the food chain. A study conducted in the M'Dhilla Basin of southwestern Tunisia revealed high levels of trace metal element pollution, particularly with Cd, Sr, and Zn, which exacerbate environmental problems and increase the carcinogenic health risks for inhabitants in the mining basin.
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ganqi Deng, Miranda Vu, Malgorzata Korbas, Viorica F. Bondici, Chithra Karunakaran, David Christensen, H. A. Bart Lardner, Peiqiang Yu
Summary: Knowledge of mineral distribution in cereal grains is crucial for nutritional improvement and genetic biofortification. Using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence imaging, the distribution and intensities of micro-elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn) and macro-elements (P, S, K, and Ca) in Arborg oat were investigated. The results showed that certain elements were mainly localized in specific tissues, providing important information for micronutrient biofortification and processing strategies on oat.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pranjal Singh, Manoj Datta, G. V. Ramana, Sanjay Kumar Gupta, Tabarak Malik
Summary: Field portable X-ray fluorescence (FP-XRF) has great potential as a qualitative assessment tool in geoenvironmental engineering. The identification of elevated concentrations of selected elements in various geomaterials and the ability of FP-XRF to detect variations in element concentrations in local soil demonstrate its suitability for use in geoenvironmental studies.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ming Jia, Jianxiang Wen, Xiangping Pan, Liang Zhang, Jie Yuan, Yi Huang, Xiaobei Zhang, Linfeng He, Fufei Pang, Tingyun Wang
Summary: By controlling the diffusion concentration of SiO2 in the fiber core region, an YPS nanocrystal phase with an average size of approximately 38 nm was successfully obtained. Both Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions were embedded into YPS nanocrystals, enhancing energy transfer efficiency and brighter green light emission.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Shashi Bhushan Tripathi, Gayaprasad Jatav, Anoop Anand Malik, Shrikant Joshi, Vivek Kumar Singh, Madan Singh Negi, Laxmi Chauhan, Shyam Sundar Sharma
Summary: This study assessed the genetic diversity of Kadaknath poultry using AFLP markers and found high levels of polymorphism. Clustering analysis revealed seven major clusters unrelated to geographical location. The results can be used for germplasm selection and conservation strategies for pure breed of Kadaknath.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Vivek Kumar Singh, Abhishek Nag, Abhishek Bhattacharjee, Sambhu Nath Pradhan
Summary: Due to technological advancements and voltage scaling, leakage power has become an important concern in CMOS design. This study proposes two dynamic power gating techniques to reduce leakage power in a 6-input look-up table used in the Xilinx Spartan-6 series. The results show significant reductions in average leakage power and total power. However, these methods are vulnerable to the negative-bias temperature instability aging effect, leading to a shorter circuit lifetime.
JOURNAL OF CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chen Fang, Andrew Dopilka, Yueran Gu, Vassilia Zorba, Robert Kostecki, Gao Liu
Summary: This study demonstrates the applicability of small-molecule Langmuir-Blodgett films in electrode interface engineering for the development of lithium-ion batteries. The thin molecular films generated through the Langmuir-Blodgett technique were found to effectively regulate the electrochemical behavior of silicon electrodes in different electrolyte solutions.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Andrew Dopilka, Yueran Gu, Jonathan M. Larson, Vassilia Zorba, Robert Kostecki
Summary: Si anodes for Li-ion batteries suffer from large volume expansion during lithiation, which affects cycle life. However, calendar life is the main obstacle for widespread adoption. This study focuses on the instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during calendar life aging. Characterization of the SEI layer on amorphous Si thin films after accelerated calendar aging reveals the accumulation of PF6- and its decomposition products in the SEI, which is attributed to preferential transport of PF6- ions through polyethylene oxide-like species in the SEI. This work emphasizes the importance of evaluating the SEI layer in its intrinsic form and proposes strategies to improve SEI passivation.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bingyin Lei, Bopin Xu, Jing Wang, Xianglei Mao, Jing li, Yisha Wang, Wei Zhao, Yixiang Duan, Vassilia Zobra, Jie Tang
Summary: Discharge-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (D-LIBS) is a highly promising technique in trace detection, but it consumes large amounts of energy causing severe environmental pollution. In this study, a modulation approach based on ion dynamics was demonstrated to reduce energy costs and environmental hazards. This modulation effectively traps and confines charged particles, facilitating electric energy coupling to laser plasma and prolonging plasma lifetime. Compared with conventional D-LIBS, this approach reduces both the electric energy and limit-of-detection by one order of magnitude, while maintaining over two orders of magnitude signal enhancement. With optimized wavelet transform denoising, the sensitivity is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than recently reported levels for typical elements. The low-harm, low-power, and high-sensitivity advantages of this approach pave the way for high-efficiency applications of D-LIBS in rapid and real-time analysis.
CELL REPORTS PHYSICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Gajendra B. Solanki, Vivek K. Singh, Fulabhai S. Kavani, Arjan J. Dhami, Harish H. Savsani, Binod Kumar, Tapas K. Patbandha
Summary: The success of assisted reproduction depends on the functionality of frozen-thawed semen. Heat stress affects protein folding, leading to mis-folded protein aggregation. This study evaluated the physical and morphological parameters, expression of HSPs, and fertility of frozen-thawed semen from Gir bulls. The results showed that the season significantly influenced the motility, viability, and membrane integrity of the semen, as well as the conception rate. The expression of HSP70 correlated positively with the semen parameters and fertility. Therefore, the expression of HSP70 may serve as a biomarker for thermo-tolerance, semen quality, and fertilizing capacity of Gir bull semen.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xianglei Mao, Jose Chirinos, Vassilia Zorba
Summary: Femtosecond laser-induced molecular alignment is a powerful technology for orienting randomly aligned molecules along the laser beam polarization direction. This alignment combined with appropriate detection allows for different species to serve as molecular clocks, rotating at different but well-defined frequencies. This feature is promising for improving gas detection selectivity.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Spectroscopy
Varun Bali, Yugal Khajuria, Ashok K. Pathak, Upendra Kumar, Pradeep K. Rai, Charles Ghany, Vivek K. Singh
Summary: Renal stone formation is a major cause of renal failure worldwide. Spectroscopic studies have been used to identify the chemical compositions of renal stones such as calcium oxalate monohydrate, uric acid, and carbonate apatite. Various elements including zinc, copper, iron, and lead were detected in the renal stones using wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The results from spectroscopic analysis were compared with clinical details of the patients to further investigate the pathophysiology of renal stones.
X-RAY SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Steffen Mittelmann, Kevin Touchet, Xianglei Mao, Minok Park, Sebastijan Brezinsek, Georg Pretzler, Vassilia Zorba
Summary: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising technology for in-situ analysis of plasma-facing components. This study shows that femtosecond lasers can detect low deuterium concentration in first wall materials. Monitoring hydrogen isotope retention is crucial for future fusion reactors.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Minok Park, Yueran Gu, Xianglei Mao, Costas P. Grigoropoulos, Vassilia Zorba
Summary: GHz fs bursts of laser enable the selection of optimal laser conditions for cross-cutting processing, micro/nano-fabrication, and spectroscopy applications by rapidly removing molten copper and limiting heat conduction.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Varun Bali, Yugal Khajuria, Pradeep K. Rai, Vidit Maniyar, Upendra Kumar, Vivek K. Singh
Summary: This study aims to describe the composition and morphology of nineteen surgically removed renal stones. Chemical and structural compositions were obtained using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses were also performed. The main mineralogical phase of the renal stones in this study was found to be calcium oxalate monohydrate, along with traces of calcium phosphate, uric acid, and sodium urate.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jyoti Dua, Vivek Kumar Singh, Hiran H. Lathabai
Summary: Scientific collaboration at international level has significantly increased over the past 20 years, with positive correlation to research productivity and impact. Policymakers in different countries have implemented programs to promote international collaboration. This paper analyzes the international collaboration patterns in Indian scientific research from 2001 to 2020, showing a growth rate of 12.27% in international collaboration. While the USA, Germany, England, and China remain top collaborating partners, collaboration intensity with South Korea and Saudi Arabia has increased. About 50% of internationally collaborated papers have an Indian researcher as lead author, and more than 50% of authors in these papers are from India. The study discusses the factors shaping Indian international collaboration and its policy implications.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Varun Bali, Yugal Khajuria, Jitendra Sharma, Pradeep K. Rai, M. A. Gondal, Upendra Kumar, Vivek K. Singh
Summary: This review article presents detailed spectroscopic investigations using SEM-EDS technique on the morphological and chemical compositional analysis of gallstones and kidney stones. The paper also discusses the fundamental principles of SEM techniques and the relatively new advanced use of SEM-EDS in gastroenterology and nephrology.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Vivek Kumar Singh, Abhishek Nag, Sambhu Nath Pradhan
Summary: This paper presents an efficient and dynamic approach to reduce overall power dissipation in finite state machines (FSMs) by using a dual gating strategy. The FSMs are implemented in configurable logic blocks (CLBs) and the gating criteria are derived from self-loop information within the FSM. In addition to power gating, a clock gating approach is proposed to maintain data at the output of power-gated CLBs. Simulation results show a 25.82% power savings with increased look up table (LUT) utilization within the CLBs. The excess LUT utilization decreases as the complexity of the FSM increases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Neha Sharma, Sandeep Kumar, Yonghoon Lee, Virendra K. Singh, Vivek K. Singh
Summary: The study compared the chemical changes in healthy and bacterial crown gall diseased ber fruits, finding a decrease in mineral elements and an increase in other elements in diseased samples. By analyzing the data, it was possible to differentiate between healthy and diseased samples based on their elemental differences.
ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)